We hear the safety instructions every time we fly – secure your own oxygen mask before assisting your children. This advice serves as a powerful metaphor for women's health. Just as an oxygen mask is vital for survival in an emergency, proactive health monitoring is essential for a woman’s long-term wellbeing..

每次飞行时，我们都会听到安全说明-在帮助孩子之前，先保护好自己的氧气面罩。这条建议有力地隐喻了女性的健康。正如氧气面罩对紧急情况下的生存至关重要一样，积极的健康监测对女性的长期健康至关重要。。

In the case of ovarian cancer, early detection is critical to survival, yet, it is not as prominently publicised as breast cancer awareness. The numbers put into perspective the desperate need to advance research in this field, patient advocacy, early detection methods, and education. In the US, about 20,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year and it is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic cancers, according to the Centers for Disease Control..

就卵巢癌而言，早期发现对生存至关重要，然而，它并不像乳腺癌意识那样受到重视。这些数字表明迫切需要推进这一领域的研究，患者倡导，早期发现方法和教育。据美国疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control）统计，在美国，每年约有20000名女性被诊断出患有卵巢癌，这是导致妇科癌症死亡的主要原因。。

Although ovarian cancer accounts for only about 3% of all cancers in women, it ranks fifth for cancer deaths among women.

尽管卵巢癌仅占女性所有癌症的3%左右，但它在女性癌症死亡人数中排名第五。

Early detection and diagnosis of ovarian cancer are crucial because, when it is caught early, the five-year survival rate is about 93%. However, according to the American Cancer Society, 75% of ovarian cancer is diagnosed at a late stage where the five-year survival rate is only 20-30%. Research needs to be directed toward developing effective screening methods, and patients and physicians should understand the early signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer.

卵巢癌的早期发现和诊断至关重要，因为如果早期发现，五年生存率约为93%。然而，根据美国癌症协会的数据，75%的卵巢癌被诊断为晚期，五年生存率仅为20-30%。研究需要针对开发有效的筛查方法，患者和医生应该了解卵巢癌的早期体征和症状。

This is particularly important in women who are at a higher risk, including women over 50, those with a family history of ovarian cancer, carriers of genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, and women who have had other cancers. Effective screening and vigilance in these groups are paramount to improving early detection rates..

这对于风险较高的女性尤其重要，包括50岁以上的女性，有卵巢癌家族史的女性，BRCA1和BRCA2等基因突变携带者以及患有其他癌症的女性。这些人群的有效筛查和警惕对于提高早期发现率至关重要。。

Market dynamics and treatment advances

市场动态和治疗进展

Platinum-based therapy is commonly used to treat advanced cases of ovarian cancer. In fact, the global market size for platinum-based ovarian cancer treatment was about $618 million in 2021 and is estimated to grow to almost $1 billion by 2030. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of ovarian cancer, but also the rising demand for platinum-based therapy in combination with targeted treatments that aim to address the disease's heterogenous nature, including tumor genetics and disease stage.

铂类疗法通常用于治疗晚期卵巢癌。事实上，2021年，铂类卵巢癌治疗的全球市场规模约为6.18亿美元，预计到2030年将增长至近10亿美元。这种增长主要是由于卵巢癌患病率的增加，以及对铂类疗法的需求不断增长，以及旨在解决疾病异质性（包括肿瘤遗传学和疾病分期）的靶向治疗。

Developing novel therapies is expected to continue to grow the market over the coming years..

预计开发新疗法将在未来几年继续扩大市场。。

While research and development has resulted in better treatment options for women with ovarian cancer, there are still many women who do not have suitable options. This means there is an opportunity to develop alternate, potentially more effective, treatments for ovarian cancer within the current landscape..

。这意味着在目前的情况下，有机会开发替代的，可能更有效的卵巢癌治疗方法。。

Ovarian cancer treatment hinges on disease stage and subtype. Typically, debulking surgery plus platinum-based chemotherapy is the frontline treatment. While not curative, this strategy offers symptom relief and modest survival benefits. In recent years, there have been exciting advancements in ovarian cancer treatment, particularly in targeted therapies.

卵巢癌的治疗取决于疾病的阶段和亚型。通常，减瘤手术加铂类化疗是一线治疗。虽然不能治愈，但这种策略可以缓解症状并获得适度的生存益处。近年来，卵巢癌治疗取得了令人兴奋的进展，特别是在靶向治疗方面。

Notable targeted drugs include Avastin (bevacizumab, anti-VEGF mAb) and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which have been demonstrated to significantly improve survival rates when used with chemotherapy..

值得注意的靶向药物包括阿瓦斯丁（贝伐单抗，抗VEGF单克隆抗体）和聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂，已被证明与化疗联合使用可显着提高生存率。。

Emerging treatment options, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) like AbbVie's Elahere (mirvetuximab, FRα targeting ADC), offer hope for patients with previously limited treatment options. With multiple companies following suit and investing significantly into ADC development, it is likely that the ovarian cancer treatment landscape will continue to expand in the coming years..

新兴的治疗选择，如AbbVie的Elahere（mirvetuximab，FRα靶向ADC）等抗体-药物偶联物（ADC），为以前治疗选择有限的患者提供了希望。随着多家公司纷纷效仿，并对ADC开发进行了大量投资，未来几年卵巢癌治疗前景可能会继续扩大。。

Individualised therapies are also gaining traction. Genelux Corp’s oncolytic virus, olvi-vec, which targets and replicates within tumor cells, is currently in the Phase 3 OnPrime trial. Despite the challenges faced by cell and gene therapies in solid tumours, this innovative approach holds promise.

个性化治疗也越来越受欢迎。Genelux Corp的溶瘤病毒olvi vec靶向并在肿瘤细胞内复制，目前正在进行OnPrime的3期临床试验。尽管实体瘤中的细胞和基因疗法面临挑战，但这种创新方法仍有希望。

Ongoing clinical trials

正在进行的临床试验

Merck is conducting the Phase 3 Keylynk-001 trial investigating the efficacy of its leading oncology drug, Keytruda (pembrolizumab, anti-PD-L1) plus chemotherapy followed by maintenance treatment with Merck/AstraZeneca’s Lynparza (olaparib, PARP inhibitor), as a primary treatment for women with advanced epithelial, platinum-sensitive, ovarian cancer lacking BRCA mutations.

默克公司正在进行3期Keylynk-001试验，研究其主要肿瘤药物Keytruda（pembrolizumab，抗PD-L1）加化疗的疗效，然后用默克/阿斯利康的Lynparza（olaparib，PARP抑制剂）进行维持治疗，作为缺乏BRCA突变的晚期上皮性，铂敏感性卵巢癌女性的主要治疗方法。

Participants with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer are expected to respond well to treatment, and thus will be monitored for progression-free survival for 57 months. However, concerns around the possibility of high-grade AEs remain, given that Lynparza’s label details the possibility of myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid lymphoma..

铂类敏感卵巢癌患者预计对治疗反应良好，因此将监测57个月的无进展生存期。然而，鉴于Lynparza的标签详细说明了骨髓增生异常综合征或急性髓样淋巴瘤的可能性，对高级别AE可能性的担忧仍然存在。。

Another critical area of focus is platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Corcept Therapeutics is conducting the Phase 3 Rosella trial, which evaluates the combination of relacorilant, an oral selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, with nab-paclitaxel. This combination aims to enhance efficacy without increasing toxicity, with results anticipated in the latter half of 2024..

另一个关键的关注领域是铂类耐药卵巢癌。Corcept Therapeutics正在进行3期Rosella试验，该试验评估relacorilant（一种口服选择性糖皮质激素受体调节剂）与nab-紫杉醇的组合。这种组合旨在提高疗效而不增加毒性，预计将在2024年下半年取得结果。。

Disparities and challenges in clinical trials

临床试验中的差异和挑战

Despite significant efforts in developing novel and effective treatments, last year alone 11 ovarian cancer-focused clinical trials were halted, including five Phase 3 trials. This represents a considerable setback, as Phase 3 trials are typically the final step before a new treatment can receive approval for public use..

尽管在开发新颖有效的治疗方法方面做出了重大努力，但仅去年就停止了11项以卵巢癌为重点的临床试验，其中包括5项3期试验。这是一个相当大的挫折，因为第三阶段试验通常是新疗法获得公共使用批准之前的最后一步。。

The benefits and insights gained from clinical trials are not equally shared among all cancer patients. Recent research shows, for instance, that Latino and African American patients are less likely to participate in ovarian cancer clinical trials. Medicaid and Medicare patients have also historically been underrepresented.

并非所有癌症患者都能平等分享从临床试验中获得的益处和见解。例如，最近的研究表明，拉丁裔和非裔美国人患者不太可能参加卵巢癌临床试验。医疗补助和医疗保险患者在历史上也一直代表性不足。

The same research shows that only 5% of women with ovarian cancer are participating in trials. Understanding potential disparities in enrolment is essential for designing interventions to improve participation and survival rates in ovarian cancer..

同样的研究表明，只有5%的卵巢癌女性参与了试验。了解入学率的潜在差异对于设计干预措施以提高卵巢癌的参与率和生存率至关重要。。

The need for innovation

创新的需要

Early detection is as important as innovation to help women “put their oxygen mask on first” when it comes to fighting ovarian cancer. While advancements in therapeutic approaches highlight significant progress, better diagnostic tools and patient advocacy must be part of combating ovarian cancer and addressing the substantial unmet needs within the field..

早期发现与创新一样重要，可以帮助女性在抗击卵巢癌时“先戴上氧气面罩”。虽然治疗方法的进步突出了重大进展，但更好的诊断工具和患者宣传必须成为抗击卵巢癌和解决该领域大量未满足需求的一部分。。

These are the early days of innovations expected to transform the treatment landscape. With a growing market for personalised medicine, adaptability and foresight can help companies navigate the swiftly evolving ovarian cancer space.

这些是有望改变治疗格局的创新的早期阶段。随着个性化药物市场的不断增长，适应性和远见可以帮助公司在迅速发展的卵巢癌领域中导航。

About the authors

关于作者

Stylianos Sarrigiannidis is a senior business analyst with Lifescience Dynamics, a company focused on helping optimise clinical and commercial strategies in the biopharma industry. Before joining Lifescience Dynamics, Sarrigiannidis completed a PhD in Biomedical Engineering at the University of Glasgow where he investigated drug delivery mechanisms, tissue regeneration, and biomaterials.

Stylianos Sarrigiannidis是Lifescience Dynamics的高级商业分析师，该公司专注于帮助优化生物制药行业的临床和商业策略。在加入Lifescience Dynamics之前，Sarrigiannidis在格拉斯哥大学完成了生物医学工程博士学位，他在那里研究了药物输送机制，组织再生和生物材料。

While working at Lifescience Dynamics, he has been growing his subject matter expertise in various therapeutic areas, including oncology..

在Lifescience Dynamics工作期间，他一直在各个治疗领域（包括肿瘤学）积累其学科专业知识。。

Mallory Wiggans is a business analyst with Lifescience Dynamics, a company focused on helping optimise clinical and commercial strategies in the biopharma industry. Wiggans aims to understand and provide insights on the dynamic treatment landscapes of various therapeutic areas, including gynaecological cancers.

Mallory Wiggans是Lifescience Dynamics的商业分析师，该公司专注于帮助优化生物制药行业的临床和商业策略。Wiggans旨在了解各种治疗领域（包括妇科癌症）的动态治疗情况并提供见解。

Before joining Lifescience Dynamics, Wiggans completed a PhD in Molecular Genetics at the University of Toronto where she investigated stem cell involvement in cancer..

在加入Lifescience Dynamics之前，Wiggans在多伦多大学完成了分子遗传学博士学位，她在那里研究了干细胞与癌症的关系。。