AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors and outcomes associated with hyponatremia in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). We retrospectively studied 80 consecutive patients with GBS who visited our hospital and compared clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiological findings of patients with and without hyponatremia.

摘要本研究的目的是评估吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）患者低钠血症的危险因素和预后。我们回顾性研究了连续80例来我院就诊的GBS患者，并比较了有无低钠血症患者的临床，实验室和电生理结果。

Disability was evaluated using the Hughes grading system. Of the 80 patients, 18 (23%) had hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.003), urinary retention (P < 0.0001), Hughes grade ≥ 4 at admission and nadir (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively), acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy subtype (P = 0.017), sepsis (P = 0.001), mechanical ventilator support (P = 0.013), longer hospitalization length of stay (P < 0.0001), and inability to walk independently at 6 months (P < 0.001).

使用休斯评分系统评估残疾。在80例患者中，有18例（23%）患有低钠血症。低钠血症与年龄较大（P=0.003），尿潴留（P<0.0001），入院时休斯分级≥4和最低点（P=0.003和P<0.001），急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病亚型（P=0.017），败血症（P=0.001），机械呼吸机支持（P 0.013），住院时间更长（P<0.0001），6个月时无法独立行走（P<0.001）。

Multivariate analysis performed to assess the risk factors of hyponatremia revealed that urinary retention (odds ratio [OR] 30.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6–264.4; P = 0.002) and mechanical ventilator support (OR 13.8, 95% CI 1.6–118.0; P = 0.017) were significant independent risk factors of hyponatremia.

评估低钠血症危险因素的多变量分析显示，尿潴留（优势比[OR]30.7，95%置信区间[CI]3.6-264.4；P=0.002）和机械通气支持（OR 13.8，95%CI 1.6-118.0；P=0.017）是低钠血症的重要独立危险因素。

In assessing the outcomes of patients with hyponatremia, multivariate analysis showed that hyponatremia was independently associated with hospitalization length of stay ≥ 60 days and inability to walk independently at 6 month, with the former showing statistical significance but the latter not (OR 9.3, 95% CI 1.8–47.7; P = 0.007 and OR 4.9, 95% CI 0.9–26.3; P = 0.066, respectively).

在评估低钠血症患者的预后时，多变量分析显示，低钠血症与住院时间≥60天和6个月时无法独立行走独立相关，前者显示统计学显着性，但后者无统计学意义（OR 9.3，95%CI 1.8-47.7；P=0.007和OR 4.9，95%CI 0.9-26.3；分别为P=0.066）。

Therefore, we demonstrate that, along with mechanical ventilator support, urinary retention—possibly indicating autonomic dysfunction—is a risk factor of hyponatremia in GBS. Moreover, we confirm that hypo.

因此，我们证明，除了机械呼吸机支持外，尿潴留可能表明自主神经功能障碍是GBS低钠血症的危险因素。此外，我们证实低钠血症。

IntroductionGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy that features a broad spectrum of clinical variants1,2,3,4,5. Although abnormal results for cerebrospinal fluid test in GBS are well known, serum abnormalities have also been reported. One such serum abnormality in GBS is hyponatremia6,7,8,9,10,11,12.

引言格林-巴利综合征（GBS）是一种免疫介导的周围神经病变，具有广泛的临床变异1,2,3,4,5。尽管GBS脑脊液检测的异常结果是众所周知的，但也有血清异常的报道。GBS中的一种这样的血清异常是低钠血症6,7,8,9,10,11,12。

However, the clinical features of GBS with hyponatremia have not been clarified. Regarding the risk factors, previous studies have reported that disease severity and older age were associated with hyponatremia in GBS6,8,9. Autonomic dysfunction was also associated with hyponatremia in GBS and was especially examined because of its potentially important role in the pathogenesis10.

然而，低钠血症GBS的临床特征尚未阐明。关于危险因素，先前的研究报道，疾病严重程度和年龄较大与GBS6,8,9中的低钠血症有关。自主神经功能障碍也与GBS中的低钠血症有关，并且由于其在发病机制中的潜在重要作用而被特别检查10。

However, interrelationships were observed between these possible risk factors, and the independence of these risk factors was not established. Some studies have also reported that hyponatremia is associated with poor outcome in GBS6,8,9,11,12. Nevertheless, many factors are associated with poor outcomes; therefore, the independent association of hyponatremia with poor outcomes needs to be verified.In this study, we examined the clinical features of GBS with hyponatremia.

然而，在这些可能的风险因素之间观察到了相互关系，并且这些风险因素的独立性尚未确定。一些研究还报道，低钠血症与GBS6,8,9,11,12的预后不良有关。然而，许多因素与不良结果有关；因此，需要验证低钠血症与不良结局的独立关联。在这项研究中，我们检查了低钠血症GBS的临床特征。

First, we investigated whether previously identified risk factors, especially autonomic dysfunction, were independently associated with hyponatremia in GBS. Second, we evaluated the independent association of hyponatremia with GBS outcome.Materials and methodsPatientsWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with GBS who visited Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital from January 2005 to November 2021.

首先，我们调查了先前确定的危险因素，尤其是自主神经功能障碍是否与GBS低钠血症独立相关。其次，我们评估了低钠血症与GBS结局的独立关联。材料与方法我们回顾性评估了2005年1月至2021年11月在大阪医科大学医院就诊的连续GBS患者。

In our department, we generate our own list of diagnoses for all patients admitted to the hospital. Therefore, we utilize not only ICD codes but also our internal list of diag.

在我们的部门，我们为所有住院患者生成自己的诊断列表。因此，我们不仅使用ICD代码，还使用我们的内部diag列表。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

在当前研究期间生成和/或分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsDivision of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, JapanShoji Ogawa, Takafumi Hosokawa, Chizuko Hayakawa, Taiki Sawai, Kensuke Kakiuchi, Yukiyo Yoshimoto, Yuichi Masuda, Yoshitsugu Nakamura, Shin Ota & Shigeki ArawakaDepartment of Medical Statistics, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, JapanDaisuke NishiokaAuthorsShoji OgawaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献作者信息作者和附属机构大阪医科大学第四内科神经病学系，2-7 Daigaku machi，Takatsuki，Osaka，569-8686，JapanShoji Ogawa，Takafumi Hosokawa，Chizuko Hayakawa，Taiki Sawai，Kensuke Kakiuchi，Yukiyo Yoshimoto，Yuichi Masuda，Yoshitsugu Nakamura，Shin Ota&Shigeki Arawaka大阪医科大学医学统计，研究与发展中心，大阪，大阪，日本Shoji OgawaView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索此作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsS.O. designed the study, carried out the acquisition of data, and wrote the manuscript. T.H. designed the study, carried out the acquisition of data, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. C.H. carried out the acquisition of data. T.S. carried out the acquisition of data.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。O、 设计了这项研究，进行了数据采集，并撰写了手稿。T、 H.设计研究，进行数据采集，分析数据并撰写手稿。C、 H.进行数据采集。T、 。

K.K. carried out the acquisition of data. D.N. analyzed the data. Y.Y. carried out the acquisition of data. Y.M. carried out the acquisition of data. Y.K. carried out the acquisition of data. S.O. carried out the acquisition of data. S.A. supervised and revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

K、 K.进行了数据采集。D、 N.分析了数据。Y、 Y.进行了数据采集。Y、 M.进行了数据采集。Y、 K.进行了数据采集。S、 O.进行数据采集。S、 A.监督并修改了手稿。所有作者都审阅了手稿。对应作者对应。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleOgawa, S., Hosokawa, T., Hayakawa, C. et al. Risk factors and outcome of hyponatremia in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome.

转载和许可本文引用本文Ogawa，S.，Hosokawa，T.，Hayakawa，C。等人。格林-巴利综合征患者低钠血症的危险因素和结局。

Sci Rep 14, 16664 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67427-6Download citationReceived: 14 January 2024Accepted: 11 July 2024Published: 19 July 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67427-6Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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KeywordsGuillain–Barré syndromeHyponatremiaAutonomic dysfunctionRisk factorsOutcome

关键词Guillain–Barré综合征低钠血症自动功能障碍危险因素结果

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