According to a recent study published in the journal Nature, biodiversity loss has emerged as the primary environmental factor driving the outbreak of infectious diseases, leading to an increase in their risk and scope. The study conducted a meta-analysis of 972 research papers and 2,938 observations to identify the leading contributors to escalating outbreak risks, focusing on 1,497 host-parasite relationships across human, plant, and animal hosts.

根据《自然》杂志最近发表的一项研究，生物多样性丧失已成为推动传染病爆发的主要环境因素，导致其风险和范围增加。该研究对972篇研究论文和2938篇观察结果进行了荟萃分析，以确定导致疫情风险升级的主要因素，重点关注人类，植物和动物宿主之间的1497种宿主-寄生虫关系。

The research examined five key global change drivers, namely, biodiversity loss, climate change, non-native species, chemical pollution, and habitat loss. The findings indicate that all factors except habitat loss contribute to disease spread, affecting both human and non-human diseases. The research identified biodiversity loss as the leading contributor to the escalating outbreak risk, followed by climate change and the introduction of non-native species.The study emphasized the importance of biodiversity preservation in mitigating the increasing risk of disease outbreaks.

该研究调查了五个关键的全球变化驱动因素，即生物多样性丧失、气候变化、非本地物种、化学污染和栖息地丧失。研究结果表明，除栖息地丧失外，所有因素都会导致疾病传播，影响人类和非人类疾病。该研究确定，生物多样性丧失是疫情风险不断上升的主要原因，其次是气候变化和外来物种的引入。这项研究强调了保护生物多样性在减轻疾病爆发风险方面的重要性。

The dilution effect theory suggests that declining biodiversity can lead to a higher prevalence of disease-transmitting species, thereby elevating the risk of disease spread. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the growing interest in zoonotic diseases and their wildlife origins, underscoring the need for emission reduction, biodiversity preservation, and invasive species prevention to enhance global disease control, mitigation, and surveillance efforts..

稀释效应理论表明，生物多样性的下降会导致疾病传播物种的流行率更高，从而提高疾病传播的风险。新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行突显了人们对人畜共患疾病及其野生动物起源的日益关注，强调了减少排放、保护生物多样性和预防入侵物种的必要性，以加强全球疾病控制、缓解和监测工作。。

The study also highlighted the impact of urbanization on disease spread, with urban areas showing a smaller number of species that can thrive in the environment. Greater sanitation and health infrastructure in urban areas also help to contain disease spread. The lead researcher, Professor Jason Rohr from the University of Notre Dame in the US, emphasized the need to advocate for policies that promote emission reduction, biodiversity preservation, and invasive species prevention to alleviate the impact of diseases and enhance global disease control efforts.

该研究还强调了城市化对疾病传播的影响，城市地区能够在环境中茁壮成长的物种数量较少。城市地区更完善的卫生和保健基础设施也有助于遏制疾病传播。首席研究员、美国圣母大学（University of Notre Dame）的杰森·罗尔（Jason Rohr）教授强调，需要倡导促进减排、生物多样性保护和入侵物种预防的政策，以减轻疾病的影响，加强全球疾病控制工作。

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