AbstractRecombinant HIV-1 genomes identified in three or more epidemiological unrelated individuals are defined as circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). CRFs can further recombine with other pure subtypes or recombinants to produce secondary recombinants. In this study, a new HIV-1 intersubtype CRF, designated CRF159_01103, isolated from three men who have sex with men with no epidemiological linkage, was identified in Baoding city, Hebei Province, China.

摘要在三个或更多流行病学无关个体中鉴定出的重组HIV-1基因组被定义为循环重组形式（CRF）。CRF可以进一步与其他纯亚型或重组体重组以产生二级重组体。在这项研究中，在中国河北省保定市发现了一种新的HIV-1亚型CRF，命名为CRF159\U 01103，它是从三名与男性发生无流行病学联系的男性中分离出来的。

CRF159_01103 was derived from CRF103_01B and CRF01_AE. Bayesian molecular clock analysis was performed on the CRF01-AE and CRF103_01B regions of CRF159_01103. The time of origin of CRF159_01103 was predicted to be 2018–2019, indicating that it is a recent recombinant virus. The emergence of CRF159_01103 has increased the complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in Hebei Province..

CRF159\U 01103来源于CRF103\U 01B和CRF01\U AE。对CRF159\U 01103的CRF01-AE和CRF103\U 01B区域进行了贝叶斯分子钟分析。CRF159\U 01103的起源时间预计为2018-2019年，表明它是一种最近的重组病毒。CRF159\U 01103的出现增加了河北省HIV-1疫情的复杂性。。

IntroductionAs a result of the high mutation, recombination and replication rates of HIV-1, its recombinant forms are becoming increasingly complex.1 The coinfection and recombination of different HIV-1 subtypes create many opportunities for the emergence of new recombinant forms. To date, more than 150 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and numerous unique recombinant forms (URFs) have been identified by the analysis of near-full-length genomes (NFLGs) globally.

引言由于HIV-1的高突变率，重组率和复制率，其重组形式变得越来越复杂。1不同HIV-1亚型的共感染和重组为新的重组形式的出现创造了许多机会。迄今为止，通过对全球近全长基因组（NFLGs）的分析，已经鉴定出150多种循环重组形式（CRF）和许多独特的重组形式（URF）。

Furthermore, a new CRF will emerge if more than three URFs with the same recombinant structure are found in different areas with no epidemiological linkage. Compared with other countries in the world, China has a high proportion of HIV-1 recombinant strains1.In Hebei, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and subtype B were the dominant HIV-1 subtypes, similar to the dominant subtypes across the whole of China2,3 .However, recently, many other subtypes such as CRFs_0107, URFs_0107, CRFs_01B and URFs_01B have been continually identified in Hebei among the sexually-active population, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM).

此外，如果在没有流行病学联系的不同地区发现三个以上具有相同重组结构的URF，将出现新的CRF。与世界其他国家相比，中国的HIV-1重组菌株比例很高。在河北，CRF01\u AE，CRF07\u BC和B型是主要的HIV-1亚型，与整个中国的主要亚型相似2,3。然而，最近，河北省在性活跃人群中不断发现许多其他亚型，如CRFs\U 0107，URFs\U 0107，CRFs\U 01B和URFs\U 01B，尤其是男男性行为者（MSM）。

For example, CRF80_0107, CRF103_01B and CRF123_0107 were detected circulating in the MSM population in 2019, 2020 and 2022, respectively4,5,6.Baoding is the second largest city with HIV/AIDS cases in Hebei Province, and MSM are the most affected population7. Over the past three years, two new CRFs (CRF103_01B and CRF123_0107) and many URFs have been reported in Baoding5,6.

例如，2019年、2020年和2022年，在MSM人群中分别检测到CRF80\U 0107、CRF103\U 01B和CRF123\U 0107。保定是河北省第二大艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例城市，MSM是受影响最大的人群7。在过去的三年中，保定已经报道了两个新的CRF（CRF103\U 01B和CRF123\U 0107）和许多URF 5,6。

However, no novel second-generation recombinant CRFs were confirmed among the minor subtypes. In this study, we identified a new HIV-1s-generation circulating recombinant CRF159_01103 composed of CRF103_01B and CRF01_AE among MSM in Baoding, Hebei Province, and analyzed its evolutionary history.ResultsThe NFLG length sizes for BD093.

然而，在次要亚型中没有证实新的第二代重组CRF。在这项研究中，我们在河北保定的MSM中鉴定了一种新的HIV-1s代循环重组CRF159\U 01103，由CRF103\U 01B和CRF01\U AE组成，并分析了其进化历史。结果BD093的NFLG长度大小。

Data availability

数据可用性

The gene sequences of BD093A, BD246A and BDL104 were deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers PP056116, PP056117 and PP056118, respectively.

BD093A，BD246A和BDL104的基因序列分别以登录号PP056116，PP056117和PP056118保藏在GenBank数据库中。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe authors thank all staff involved in this study. We thank Kate Fox, PhD, from Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (https://www.liwenbianji.cn/) for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Weiguang Fan and Zhen Zhang.Authors and AffiliationsClinical Laboratory of the People’s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, ChinaWeiguang Fan, Haoxi Shi, Penghui Shi & Sisi ChenInfection Division of the People’s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, ChinaZhen Zhang & Jianru JiaDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, ChinaXinli LuAuthorsWeiguang FanView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsW.F., Z.Z., H.S., J.J., P.S. and S.C., X.L. wrote the main manuscript text and Z.Z. prepared figures 1–2. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleFan, W., Zhang, Z., Shi, H. et al. Identification of a new HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF159_01103) derived from CRF103_01B and CRF01_AE in Hebei Province, China.

转载和许可本文引用本文Fan，W.，Zhang，Z.，Shi，H。等人鉴定了来自中国河北省CRF103\U 01B和CRF01\U AE的新型HIV-1循环重组形式（CRF159\U 01103）。

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KeywordsHIV-1Circulating recombinant formsCRF159_01103Hebei

关键词SHIV-1循环重组形式SCRF159\U 01103河北

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