EPIC-Potsdam研究中饮食质量评分的纵向变化及其与2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的关系-动脉网

Longitudinally changed diet quality scores and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study

Nature 等信源发布 2024-06-17 21:39



可切换为仅中文







AbstractAssociation analyses between longitudinal changes in diet quality scores (DQIs) and cardiometabolic risk remain scarce. Hence, we aimed to investigate how changes in two DQIs are associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Changes in the Mediterranean Pyramid Score (MedPyr) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) over 7 years from baseline (1994–1998) to follow-up 3 (2001–2005) were investigated in 23,548 middle-aged participants.

摘要饮食质量评分（DQIs）的纵向变化与心脏代谢风险之间的关联分析仍然很少。因此，我们旨在调查EPIC波茨坦研究中两种DQI的变化如何与2型糖尿病（T2D），心肌梗塞（MI）和中风相关。在23548名中年参与者中调查了从基线（1994-1998）到随访3（2001-2005）的7年中地中海金字塔评分（MedPyr）和健康饮食评分（HDS）的变化。

Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards Regression models were applied to investigate associations between changes in MedPyr and HDS and chronic disease incidence. More than 60% of the participants increased both DQIs more than 5%. Within a median follow-up time of 5 years 568 cases of T2D, 171 of MI, 189 of stroke were verified.

应用调整后的Cox比例风险回归模型来研究MedPyr和HDS变化与慢性病发病率之间的关联。超过60%的参与者将DQI增加了5%以上。在5年的中位随访时间内，证实了568例T2D，171例MI，189例中风。

An increased compared to stable MedPyr was associated with lower T2D risk (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59–0.92), while a decreased MedPyr was associated with higher stroke risk (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.02–2.72). A decreased compared to stable HDS was associated with higher stroke risk (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.02–3.20). The findings contribute further evidence on advantages of changing dietary intake towards a Mediterranean Diet.

与稳定的MedPyr相比，增加的MedPyr与较低的T2D风险相关（HR 0.74；95%CI 0.59-0.92），而降低的MedPyr与较高的卒中风险相关（HR 1.67；95%CI 1.02-2.72）。与稳定的HDS相比，降低的HDS与较高的卒中风险相关（HR 1.80；95%CI 1.02-3.20）。这些发现进一步证明了将饮食摄入改变为地中海饮食的优势。

Although baseline HDS adherence was associated with T2D and stroke risk, longitudinal changes in HDS were only significantly associated with stroke risk..

尽管基线HDS依从性与T2D和卒中风险相关，但HDS的纵向变化仅与卒中风险显着相关。。

IntroductionBesides the investigation of individual foods and nutrients, the study of dietary patterns acts as a complementary strategy to disentangle the complexity of human diet. It has the advantage to consider the interrelation of food intake and to represent the cumulative exposure to different diet components, potentially leading to stronger effects on health than any single component1.

引言除了对个别食物和营养素的调查外，饮食模式的研究还可以作为解决人类饮食复杂性的补充策略。考虑食物摄入量的相互关系并代表不同饮食成分的累积暴露，可能比任何单一成分对健康的影响更大1。

Numerous prospective studies have evaluated associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic diseases2,3. Regarding a priori (hypothesis-based) dietary patterns (DP), evidence is strongest for the Mediterranean diet2,4,5, but also the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)2,3,6.

许多前瞻性研究评估了饮食模式与心脏代谢疾病之间的关联2,3。关于先验（基于假设的）饮食模式（DP），地中海饮食的证据最强2,4,5，但替代健康饮食指数（AHEI）和停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）与2型糖尿病（T2D）和心血管疾病（CVD）2,3,6的风险降低有关。

Noteworthy, studies conducted outside the Mediterranean region, thus in study populations which generally follow different dietary habits, e.g. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study among others, also observed lower cardiometabolic risk for participants following a Mediterranean diet7,8,9.

值得注意的是，在地中海地区以外进行的研究，因此在通常遵循不同饮食习惯的研究人群中，例如欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）-波茨坦研究等，也观察到地中海饮食后参与者的心脏代谢风险较低7,8,9。

Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet are strongly supported by the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) randomized trial, which showed lower CVD risk with this diet, being either supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or with nuts10.Previous studies mostly used dietary information collected from only one time point.

Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea（PREDIMED）随机试验强烈支持地中海饮食的有益效果，该试验显示，这种饮食的心血管疾病风险较低，可以补充特级初榨橄榄油或坚果10。以前的研究大多使用仅从一个时间点收集的饮食信息。

However, using dietary information repeatedly collected during follow-up could be used to reduce measurement error due to intra-individual variation11. Furthermore, in terms of supporting dietary guidelines, it is of particular interest to investigate, if an actual change in dietary intake is ass.

然而，使用随访期间反复收集的饮食信息可以用来减少由于个体内变异引起的测量误差11。此外，在支持饮食指南方面，如果饮食摄入量的实际变化是ass，那么调查特别有意义。

(1)

A change of 5% or less in the two diet quality scores was categorized as “stable”, while more than 5% decrease in the diet quality scores was categorized as “decrease” and more than 5% increase in the scores as “increase”, partly comparable to the approaches in previous U.S. based cohorts12,25.An overview of the food groups at baseline and at FUP3 across the change categories of both diet quality indices was provided in Supplementary Tables 4, 5.Covariate assessmentBaseline and FUP3 information on socio-demographic covariates like age, sex and occupation, lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and smoking behavior, as well as self-reported hypertension were obtained by self-administered questionnaires and an interview (at baseline), except for physical activity (lastly updated information at FUP2) and education (only baseline information).

两个饮食质量得分的变化不超过5%被归类为“稳定”，而饮食质量得分下降超过5%被归类为“下降”，得分上升超过5%被归类为“上升”，部分与之前美国队列研究中的方法12、25相当。补充表4、5提供了两个饮食质量指数变化类别中基线和FUP3食物组的概述。协变量评估基线和FUP3关于社会人口协变量（如年龄、性别和职业）、生活方式因素（如饮酒和吸烟行为）以及自我报告的高血压的信息是通过自填问卷和访谈获得的（基线），除了体育活动（FUP2的最新信息）和教育（仅基线信息）。

Categories of highest educational level were “currently in training/no certificate or skill”, “professional school (vocational training)”, and “college or higher education”. Occupational status was a variable with the three categories “employed”, “unemployed” and “retired”. Smoking status was categorized as “never smoker”, “former smoker” and “current smoker”.

最高教育水平的类别是“目前正在接受培训/没有证书或技能”，“职业学校（职业培训）”和“大学或高等教育”。职业状况是一个变量，有三类“就业”，“失业”和“退休”。吸烟状况分为“从不吸烟者”，“前吸烟者”和“当前吸烟者”。

If the updated information on smoking behavior was not reported at FUP3, the missing information was imputed based on the reported information at a later follow-up. Physical activity was obtained as combined information of leisure time sports activities and biking, both in hours/week. Lifetime alcohol consumption combined the information on alcohol intake during life course (at the age 20, 30 and 40) and the intake estimate from baseline and FUP3, respectively26.The anthropometrics of the participants were assessed by trained staff at baseline, who followed a.

如果FUP3没有报告有关吸烟行为的最新信息，则在以后的随访中根据报告的信息估算缺失的信息。体育活动是作为休闲时间体育活动和骑自行车的综合信息而获得的，均以小时/周为单位。终生饮酒量分别结合了生命过程中（20岁，30岁和40岁）的酒精摄入量信息以及基线和FUP3的摄入量估计值26。参与者的人体测量由受过训练的工作人员在基线时进行评估，他们遵循a。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to German Federal and State data protection regulations, but are available from the secretariat of the Human Study Center (Office.HSZ@dife.de) on reasonable request.

由于德国联邦和州数据保护法规的规定，当前研究期间生成和/或分析的数据集无法公开获得，但可以从人类研究中心秘书处获得(Office.HSZ@dife.de)。

ReferencesHu, F. B. Dietary pattern analysis: A new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 13(1), 3–9 (2002).Article

ReferencesHu，F.B。饮食模式分析：营养流行病学的新方向。货币。奥平。利皮多尔。13（1），3-9（2002）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Jannasch, F., Kroger, J. & Schulze, M. B. Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J. Nutr. 147(6), 1174–1182 (2017).Article

。J、营养。147（6），1174-1182（2017）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Schwingshackl, L. & Hoffmann, G. Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 115(5), 780–800 (2015).Article .

Schwingshackl，L。＆Hoffmann，G。通过健康饮食指数，替代健康饮食指数，停止高血压的饮食方法评分和健康结果评估的饮食质量：队列研究的系统评价和荟萃分析。J、阿卡德。营养。饮食。115（5），780-800（2015）。文章。

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Galbete, C., Schwingshackl, L., Schwedhelm, C., Boeing, H. & Schulze, M. B. Evaluating Mediterranean diet and risk of chronic disease in cohort studies: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 33(10), 909–931 (2018).Article

Galbete，C.，Schwingshackl，L.，Schwedehelm，C.，Boeing，H。＆Schulze，M.B。在队列研究中评估地中海饮食和慢性病风险：荟萃分析的综述。欧洲流行病学杂志。。文章

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sofi, F., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F. & Casini, A. Mediterranean diet and health. Biofactors 39(4), 335–342 (2013).Article

Sofi，F.，Macchi，C.，Abbate，R.，Gensini，G.F.和Casini，A.地中海饮食与健康。生物因子39（4），335-342（2013）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Chiuve, S. E. et al. Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease. J. Nutr. 142(6), 1009–1018 (2012).Article

Chiuve，S.E.等人的替代饮食指数都能强烈预测慢性病的风险。J、营养。142（6），1009-1018（2012）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Galbete, C. et al. Nordic diet, Mediterranean diet, and the risk of chronic diseases: The EPIC-Potsdam study. BMC Med. 16(1), 99 (2018).Article

Galbete，C.等人，《北欧饮食、地中海饮食和慢性病风险：EPIC波茨坦研究》。BMC医学杂志16（1），99（2018）。文章

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

InterAct, C. et al. Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study: The InterAct project. Diabetes Care 34(9), 1913–1918 (2011).Article

欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）研究中的地中海饮食与2型糖尿病风险：InterAct项目。糖尿病护理34（9），1913-1918（2011）。文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tong, T. Y., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Imamura, F. & Forouhi, N. G. Prospective association of the Mediterranean diet with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and its population impact in a non-Mediterranean population: The EPIC-Norfolk study. BMC Med. 14(1), 135 (2016).Article .

Tong，T.Y.，Wareham，N.J.，Khaw，K.T.，Imamura，F。＆Forouhi，N.G。地中海饮食与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率及其对非地中海人群的人口影响的前瞻性关联：EPIC诺福克研究。BMC医学杂志14（1），135（2016）。文章。

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Salas-Salvado, J. et al. Prevention of diabetes with Mediterranean diets: A subgroup analysis of a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 160(1), 1–10 (2014).Article

Salas Salvado，J.等人，《地中海饮食预防糖尿病：一项随机试验的亚组分析》。安，实习生。医学杂志160（1），1-10（2014）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Hu, F. B. et al. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: A comparison of approaches for adjusting for total energy intake and modeling repeated dietary measurements. Am. J. Epidemiol. 149(6), 531–540 (1999).Article

Hu，F.B.等人，《膳食脂肪与冠心病：调整总能量摄入和模拟重复饮食测量方法的比较》。美国流行病学杂志。149（6），531-540（1999）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Ley, S. H. et al. Changes in overall diet quality and subsequent type 2 diabetes risk: Three U.S. prospective cohorts. Diabetes Care 39(11), 2011–8 (2016).Article

Ley，S.H.等人，《整体饮食质量的变化和随后的2型糖尿病风险：三个美国前瞻性队列研究》。糖尿病护理39（11），2011-8（2016）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sotos-Prieto, M. et al. Changes in diet quality scores and risk of cardiovascular disease among US men and women. Circulation 132(23), 2212–2219 (2015).Article

Sotos Prieto，M.等人。美国男性和女性饮食质量评分和心血管疾病风险的变化。发行量132（23），2212–2219（2015）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Glenn, A. J. et al. Longitudinal changes in adherence to the portfolio and DASH dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Clin. Nutr. 40(5), 2825–2836 (2021).Article

Glenn，A.J.等人，《PREDIMED Plus研究中坚持投资组合和DASH饮食模式以及心脏代谢危险因素的纵向变化》。临床。营养。40（5），2825–2836（2021）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Maddock, J. et al. Adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet over the life course and associated vascular function: A study based on the MRC 1946 British birth cohort. Br. J. Nutr. 119(5), 581–589 (2018).Article

Maddock，J.等人。坚持饮食方法在整个生命过程中停止高血压（DASH）型饮食和相关的血管功能：一项基于MRC 1946年英国出生队列的研究。。119（5），581-589（2018）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Winkvist, A. et al. Longitudinal 10-year changes in dietary intake and associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Nutr. J. 16(1), 20 (2017).Article

Winkvist，A.等人，《瑞典北部健康与疾病研究中饮食摄入的10年纵向变化及其与心脏代谢危险因素的关系》。营养。J、 16（1），20（2017）。文章

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Boeing, H., Korfmann, A. & Bergmann, M. M. Recruitment procedures of EPIC-Germany. European investigation into cancer and nutrition. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 43(4), 205–15 (1999).Article

波音，H.，科尔夫曼，A。和伯格曼，M。M。EPIC德国的招聘程序。欧洲癌症和营养调查。安。营养品。代谢。43（4），205-15（1999）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Boeing, H., Wahrendorf, J. & Becker, N. EPIC-Germany–A source for studies into diet and risk of chronic diseases. European investigation into cancer and nutrition. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 43(4), 195–204 (1999).Article

波音公司（Boeing，H.）、瓦伦多夫公司（Wahrendorf，J.）和贝克尔公司（Becker，N.EPIC Germany）——饮食和慢性病风险研究的来源。欧洲癌症和营养调查。安。营养品。代谢。43（4），195-204（1999）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Bergmann, M. M., Bussas, U. & Boeing, H. Follow-up procedures in EPIC-Germany–data quality aspects. European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 43(4), 225–34 (1999).Article

。欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查。安。营养品。代谢。43（4），225-34（1999）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Nöthlings, U. Development and Evaluation of an Abbreviated Food Frequency Questionnaire to Discriminate Between Study Participants in a Cohort Study [Dissertation] (Technical University Berlin, 2004).

Nöthlings，U。开发和评估缩写食物频率问卷，以区分队列研究中的研究参与者[论文]（柏林技术大学，2004年）。

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

MONICA Mengenliste1991 05.01.2023. file:///C:/Users/Jannasch/Downloads/0654_1271_web_6.pdf.Trichopoulou, A., Costacou, T., Bamia, C. & Trichopoulos, D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N. Engl. J. Med. 348(26), 2599–2608 (2003).Article

莫妮卡·门根利斯特1991 05.01.2023。file:///C:/Users/Jannasch/Downloads/0654_1271_web_6.pdf.Trichopoulou，A.，Costacou，T.，Bamia，C。和Trichopoulos，D。坚持地中海饮食和希腊人口的生存。N、英语。J、医学杂志348（26），2599-2608（2003）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Jannasch, F., Nickel, D. V., Bergmann, M. M. & Schulze, M. B. A new evidence-based diet score to capture associations of food consumption and chronic disease risk. Nutrients 14(11), 2359 (2022).Article

Jannasch，F.，Nickel，D.V.，Bergmann，M.M。和Schulze，M.B。一种新的循证饮食评分，用于捕捉食物消费与慢性病风险的关联。营养素14（11），2359（2022）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Jannasch, F., Nickel, D. & Schulze, M. B. The reliability and relative validity of predefined dietary patterns were higher than that of exploratory dietary patterns in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam population. Br. J. Nutr. 125(11), 1270–1280 (2021).Article .

Jannasch，F.，Nickel，D。＆Schulze，M.B。在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）-波茨坦人群中，预定义饮食模式的可靠性和相对有效性高于探索性饮食模式。。125（11），1270–1280（2021）。文章。

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Xu, Z., Steffen, L. M., Selvin, E. & Rebholz, C. M. Diet quality, change in diet quality and risk of incident CVD and diabetes. Public Health Nutr. 23(2), 329–338 (2020).Article

Xu，Z.，Steffen，L.M.，Selvin，E。＆Rebholz，C.M。饮食质量，饮食质量的变化以及心血管疾病和糖尿病事件的风险。公共卫生营养品。23（2），329-338（2020）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Bergmann, M. M. et al. The association of pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause of death in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 42(6), 1772–1790 (2013).Article

Bergmann，M.M.等人，《欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）研究中终生饮酒模式与死亡原因的关系》。国际流行病学杂志。42（6），1772-1790（2013）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kroke, A. et al. Measures of quality control in the German component of the EPIC study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 43(4), 216–24 (1999).Article

Kroke，A.等人，《EPIC研究德国部分的质量控制措施》。。安。营养品。代谢。43（4），216-24（1999）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Georg, T. & Boeing, H. Interviewer variability in anthropometric measurements and estimates of body composition. Int. J. Epidemiol. 26(Suppl 1), S174–S180 (1997).Article

Klipstein-Grobusch，K.，Georg，T。＆Boeing，H。采访者人体测量和身体成分估计的变异性。国际流行病学杂志。26（补充1），S174–S180（1997）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Meisinger, C. et al. Sex differences in risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The MONICA Augsburg cohort study. Arch. Intern. Med. 162(1), 82–89 (2002).Article

Meisinger，C.等人，《2型糖尿病发病危险因素的性别差异：莫妮卡·奥格斯堡队列研究》。拱门。实习生。医学162（1），82-89（2002）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Shufelt, C. L., Pacheco, C., Tweet, M. S. & Miller, V. M. Sex-specific physiology and cardiovascular disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1065, 433–454 (2018).Article

Shufelt，C.L.，Pacheco，C.，Tweet，M.S。＆Miller，V.M。性别特异性生理学和心血管疾病。高级实验医学生物学。1065433-454（2018）。文章

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Romaguera, D. et al. Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study: The InterAct project. Diabetes Care 34(9), 1913–1918 (2011).Article

欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）研究中的地中海饮食与2型糖尿病风险：InterAct项目。糖尿病护理34（9），1913-1918（2011）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Zhang, C. et al. Alcohol intake and risk of stroke: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int. J. Cardiol. 174(3), 669–677 (2014).Article

Zhang，C.等。酒精摄入与中风风险：前瞻性研究的剂量反应荟萃分析。国际心脏病杂志。174（3），669-677（2014）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Wang, P. et al. Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease. Nat. Med. 29(3), 719–728 (2023).Article

Wang，P。等人。预防慢性病的最佳饮食模式。《自然医学》29（3），719-728（2023）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Lee, D. H. et al. Dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential and risk of type 2 diabetes: Results From three prospective U.S. cohort studies. Diabetes Care 43(11), 2675–83 (2020).Article

Lee，D.H.等人，《饮食炎症和胰岛素血症的潜力和2型糖尿病的风险：来自三项前瞻性美国队列研究的结果》。糖尿病护理43（11），2675-83（2020）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Barnes, T. L. et al. Change in DASH diet score and cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Nutr. Diabetes 3(10), e91 (2013).Article

Barnes，T.L.等人，《1型和2型糖尿病青年DASH饮食评分和心血管危险因素的变化：青年糖尿病研究》。营养。糖尿病3（10），e91（2013）。文章

CAS

中科院

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tennant, P. W. G., Arnold, K. F., Ellison, G. T. H. & Gilthorpe, M. S. Analyses of “change scores” do not estimate causal effects in observational data. Int. J. Epidemiol. 51(5), 1604–1615 (2022).Article

。国际流行病学杂志。51（5），1604-1615（2022）。文章

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe thank the Human Study Centre (HSC) of the German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, namely the trustee and the examination unit for the collection, the data hub for the processing, and the participants for the provision of the data.FundingOpen Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢德国人类营养研究所波茨坦-雷布吕克人类研究中心（HSC），即收集数据的受托人和检查单位，处理数据的数据中心以及提供数据的参与者。。

The recruitment phase of the EPIC-Potsdam Study was supported by the Federal Ministry of Science, Germany (01 EA 9401) and the European Union (SOC 95201408 05F02). The follow-up of the EPIC-Potsdam Study was supported by German Cancer Aid (70-2488-Ha I) and the European Community (SOC 98200769 05F02).

EPIC波茨坦研究的招募阶段得到了德国联邦科学部（01 EA 9401）和欧盟（SOC 95201408 05F02）的支持。EPIC波茨坦研究的后续行动得到了德国癌症援助（70-2488-Ha I）和欧洲共同体（SOC 98200769 05F02）的支持。

Furthermore, this work was supported by NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (grant number 01EA1408A, 01EA1806A). The publication is furthermore funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—491394008.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, GermanyFranziska Jannasch, Daniela V.

此外，这项工作得到了德国联邦教育和研究部（BMBF）资助的柏林波茨坦NutriAct Competency Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam（批准号01EA1408A，01EA1806A）的支持。该出版物由德国科学基金会（DFG，德国研究基金会）-491394008资助。作者信息作者和附属机构德国人类营养研究所波茨坦-雷布吕克分子流行病学系，Arthur Scheunert Allee 114-11614558，Nuthetal，GermanyFranziska Jannasch，Daniela V。

Nickel, Olga Kuxhaus & Matthias B. SchulzeNutriAct Competence Cluster for Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, GermanyFranziska Jannasch, Daniela V. Nickel & Matthias B. SchulzeGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, GermanyFranziska Jannasch, Daniela V. Nickel, Olga Kuxhaus & Matthias B.

Nickel，Olga Kuxhaus＆Matthias B.Schulzenutriac营养研究能力集群，柏林波茨坦，GermanyFranziska Jannasch，Daniela V.Nickel＆Matthias B.SchulzeGerman糖尿病研究中心（DZD），München Neuherberg，GermanyFranziska Jannasch，Daniela V.Nickel，Olga Kuxhaus＆Matthias B。

SchulzeInstitute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, GermanyDaniela V. Nickel & Matthias B. SchulzeAuthorsFranziska JannaschView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

波茨坦大学SchulzeInstitute of Nuthetal营养科学研究所，GermanyDaniela V.Nickel＆Matthias B.SchulzeAuthorsFranziskaJannaschview作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarDaniela V. NickelView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarDaniela V.NickelView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarOlga KuxhausView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarOlga KuxhausView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMatthias B. SchulzeView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarMatthias B.SchulzeView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsAll authors (F.J., D.V.N., O.K., M.B.S.) contributed to the analysis conception and design. Data preparation and data analysis were performed by F.J., D.V.N., O.K.. The first draft of the manuscript was written by F.J. and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献所有作者（F.J.，D.V.N.，O.K.，M.B.S.）都为分析概念和设计做出了贡献。数据准备和数据分析由F.J.，D.V.N.，O.K.进行。手稿的初稿由F.J.撰写，所有作者都对手稿的以前版本发表了评论。

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

所有作者都阅读并批准了最终稿件。对应作者对应。

Franziska Jannasch.Ethics declarations

Franziska Jannasch。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Additional informationPublisher's noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary InformationSupplementary Information.Rights and permissions

Additional informationPublisher的noteSpringer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息补充信息。权限和权限

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

开放获取本文是根据知识共享署名4.0国际许可证授权的，该许可证允许以任何媒体或格式使用，共享，改编，分发和复制，只要您对原始作者和来源给予适当的信任，提供知识共享许可证的链接，并指出是否进行了更改。

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/..

要查看此许可证的副本，请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/..

Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleJannasch, F., Nickel, D.V., Kuxhaus, O. et al. Longitudinally changed diet quality scores and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study.

转载和许可本文引用本文Jannasch，F.，Nickel，D.V.，Kuxhaus，O。等人在EPIC波茨坦研究中纵向改变了饮食质量评分及其与2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的关系。

Sci Rep 14, 13907 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63899-8Download citationReceived: 22 November 2023Accepted: 03 June 2024Published: 17 June 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63899-8Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

科学报告1413907（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63899-8Download引文接收日期：2023年11月22日接收日期：2024年6月3日发布日期：2024年6月17日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63899-8Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供

KeywordsDiet quality scoresMediterranean dietType-2-diabetes mellitusCardiovascular disease

关键词DIET质量评分地中海饮食型2型糖尿病心血管疾病

CommentsBy submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

。如果您发现有虐待行为或不符合我们的条款或准则，请将其标记为不合适。

全球产业链接平台

重庆市渝北区金星科技大厦A区5楼512室

联系电话：023-67139735（重庆）

关于我们

产品服务