Pictured: Illustration of a GLP-1 injection pen against a light blue background/iStock, KKStock

图为浅蓝色背景下的GLP-1注射笔插图/iStock，KKStock

GLP-1 receptor agonists continue showing their therapeutic potential beyond obesity and diabetes, with a new study indicating that the drug class could significantly lower the risk of several cancers.

GLP-1受体激动剂继续显示出其超越肥胖和糖尿病的治疗潜力，一项新的研究表明，该药物类别可以显着降低几种癌症的风险。

The study, published Friday in JAMA Network Open, drew from the electronic health records of 113 million patients across the U.S., of whom nearly 1.7 million were taking GLP-1 analogs for type 2 diabetes. These patients had no history of obesity-associated cancers (OAC). As comparators, the researchers looked at patients who were treated with insulin..

这项研究于周五发表在美国医学会网络公开赛上，来自美国1.13亿患者的电子健康记录，其中近170万患者正在服用GLP-1类似物治疗2型糖尿病。这些患者没有肥胖相关癌症（OAC）的病史。作为对比，研究人员观察了接受胰岛素治疗的患者。。

Over a 15-year period, GLP-1 receptor agonists (RA) significantly lowered the risk of 10 out of the 13 OACs assessed in the study. These included gallbladder cancer, meningioma and pancreatic cancer, which were 65%, 63% and 59% less likely to develop than in insulin-treated counterparts, respectively..

在15年的时间里，GLP-1受体激动剂（RA）显着降低了研究中评估的13种OAC中10种的风险。其中包括胆囊癌，脑膜瘤和胰腺癌，它们的发病率分别比胰岛素治疗组低65%，63%和59%。。

The risk of ovarian cancer was lowered by 48%, while that of hepatocellular carcinoma dropped by 53%. Colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, esophageal cancer, endometrial cancer and kidney cancer were all also significantly less likely to arise in patients on GLP-1 RAs.

卵巢癌的风险降低了48%，而肝细胞癌的风险降低了53%。GLP-1 RAs患者发生结直肠癌，多发性骨髓瘤，食管癌，子宫内膜癌和肾癌的可能性也显着降低。

By contrast, the drug class had no significant effects on stomach cancer, thyroid cancer and post-menopausal breast cancers.

相比之下，药物类别对胃癌，甲状腺癌和绝经后乳腺癌没有显着影响。

The study also compared GLP-1 RAs against metformin and found that the peptide treatment correlated with a lower risk of several cancers, though the effect sizes fell short of statistical significance. At the same time, the risk of kidney cancer was higher by 54% in patients taking GLP-1 analogs than in counterparts taking metformin..

该研究还比较了GLP-1 RAs和二甲双胍，发现肽治疗与几种癌症的风险较低相关，尽管效应大小没有统计学意义。同时，服用GLP-1类似物的患者患肾癌的风险比服用二甲双胍的患者高54%。。

“This study provides clinical data suggesting that GLP-1 RAs may reduce the risk of specific OACs compared with insulin,” the researchers wrote, while cautioning that the results need further validation in future studies.

研究人员写道：“这项研究提供的临床数据表明，与胰岛素相比，GLP-1 RAs可能降低特定OAC的风险”，同时警告说，该结果需要在未来的研究中进一步验证。

The retrospective observational study relied on patients’ electronic health records, which have “inherent limitations” such as bias, over- and under-diagnoses and uncontrolled confounders, according to the researchers.

研究人员表示，这项回顾性观察性研究依赖于患者的电子健康记录，这些记录具有“固有的局限性”，例如偏倚，过度诊断和诊断不足以及不受控制的混杂因素。

“Although we controlled for an extensive list of variables, these limitations and biases could not be fully eliminated,” the researchers wrote. “Therefore, no causal inferences can be drawn.” Long-term studies are needed to better understand the effect of GLP-1 treatments on cancer risk, especially on non-OACs and compared with other obesity treatments such as bariatric surgery, they contend..

研究人员写道：“尽管我们控制了大量变量，但这些限制和偏见无法完全消除。”。“因此，无法得出因果推论。”他们认为，需要进行长期研究，以更好地了解GLP-1治疗对癌症风险的影响，尤其是对非OAC的影响，并与其他肥胖治疗（如减肥手术）进行比较。。

Despite these limitations, the findings add to the growing list of conditions that GLP-1 RAs could potentially address. In March 2024, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy (semaglutide) to cut the risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke in overweight or obese patients with cardiovascular disease..

尽管存在这些局限性，但这些发现增加了GLP-1 RAs可能解决的越来越多的疾病。2024年3月，FDA批准诺和诺德的Wegovy（semaglutide）降低超重或肥胖心血管疾病患者的心血管死亡、心脏病发作和中风风险。。

The pharma is also developing semaglutide for diabetics with chronic kidney disease and in May 2024 reported that the peptide therapy significantly lowered the risk of death in these patients.

该制药公司还正在开发用于慢性肾病糖尿病患者的semaglutide，并于2024年5月报道，肽疗法显着降低了这些患者的死亡风险。

Meanwhile, Eli Lilly is working to expand its own GLP-1 therapy Zepbound (tirzepatide) to treat obstructive sleep apnea and last month reported data from the Phase III SURMOUNT-OSA trial, showing that the drug leads to significant improvements in disease severity.

与此同时，礼来公司正在努力扩大其自身的GLP-1治疗Zepbound（替罗巴肽）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，上个月报道了III期OVERSENT-OSA试验的数据，表明该药物可显着改善疾病的严重程度。

Tristan Manalac is an independent science writer based in Metro Manila, Philippines. Reach out to him on LinkedIn or email him at tristan@tristanmanalac.com or tristan.manalac@biospace.com.

特里斯坦·马纳拉克（TristanManalac）是一位独立的科学作家，总部位于菲律宾马尼拉。在LinkedIn上联系他，或发电子邮件给他tristan@tristanmanalac.com或tristan.manalac@biospace.com.