AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between genetic risk and lifestyles on different types and age onsets of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can help identify individuals for whom lifestyle changes would be beneficial. Here we developed three polygenic risk scores, called MetaPRSs, for coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage by combining PRSs for CVD and CVD-related risk factors in 96,400 participants from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank.

。在这里，我们通过结合来自未来中国嘉道理生物库的96400名参与者的心血管疾病和心血管疾病相关危险因素的PRS，开发了三种多基因风险评分，称为MetaPRSs，用于冠状动脉疾病，缺血性中风和脑内出血。

Genetic and lifestyle risks were categorized by the disease-specific MetaPRSs and the number of unfavourable lifestyles. High genetic risk and unfavourable lifestyles were found to be more strongly associated with early than late onset of CVD outcomes in men and women. Change from unfavourable to favourable lifestyles resulted in 14.7-, 2.5- and 2.6-fold greater reductions in incidence rates of early-onset coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke and late-onset coronary artery disease in high than low genetic risk group.

遗传和生活方式风险按疾病特异性metaPRS和不利生活方式的数量进行分类。发现高遗传风险和不利的生活方式与男性和女性心血管疾病结局的早期发作比晚期发作更密切相关。从不利的生活方式转变为有利的生活方式导致高遗传风险组的早发性冠状动脉疾病和缺血性中风以及迟发性冠状动脉疾病的发病率分别降低了14.7倍，2.5倍和2.6倍。

Young adults at high genetic risk may have larger benefits in preventing CVD from lifestyle improvements..

高遗传风险的年轻人在预防心血管疾病方面可能有更大的益处，因为他们的生活方式得到了改善。。

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Fig. 1: Flow chart of the study design.Fig. 2: Joint associations of genetic risk and lifestyles with early- and late-onset CVDs in the testing set (n = 72,149).Fig. 3: Standardized incidence rates of early- and late-onset CVDs according to genetic risk and lifestyles in the testing set (n = 72,149)..

图1：研究设计的流程图。。图3：根据测试集中的遗传风险和生活方式，早发和晚发CVD的标准化发病率（n=72149）。。

Data availability

数据可用性

CKB data are available to all bona fide researchers. Details of how to access and details of the data release schedule are available from www.ckbiobank.org/site/Data+Access. As stated in the access policy, the CKB study group must maintain the integrity of the database for future use and regulate data access to comply with prior conditions agreed with the Chinese government.

CKB数据可供所有真正的研究人员使用。有关如何访问的详细信息和数据发布时间表的详细信息，请访问www.ckbiobank.org/site/data+access。正如访问政策所述，CKB研究小组必须保持数据库的完整性，以备将来使用，并规范数据访问，以符合与中国政府商定的先决条件。

Data security is an integral part of CKB study protocols. Data can be released outside the CKB research group only with appropriate security safeguards. Genome-wide association data supporting this study are available from the GWAS catalogue (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST005195, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90104540, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018644, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90043994, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018650, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006414, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST004373, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006624, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018752, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006630, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018732, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239664, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018755, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239676, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018754, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239658, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018741, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239652, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018736, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90002232), the NBDC Human Database (https://humandbs.dbcls.jp/en/hum0014-v32) and the DIAGRAM consortium (http://diagram-consortium.org/downloads.html).

Data security is an integral part of CKB study protocols. Data can be released outside the CKB research group only with appropriate security safeguards. Genome-wide association data supporting this study are available from the GWAS catalogue (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST005195, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90104540, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018644, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90043994, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018650, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006414, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST004373, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006624, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018752, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST006630, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018732, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239664, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018755, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239676, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018754, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239658, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018741, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90239652, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90018736, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/studies/GCST90002232), the NBDC Human Database (https://humandbs.dbcls.jp/en/hum0014-v32) and the DIAGRAM consortium (http://diagram-consortium.org/downloads.html).

The 1,000 genome project reference panels are available from https.

1000个基因组计划参考小组可从https获得。

Code availability

代码可用性

Analysis code for this study is available at https://github.com/pkuepisd/Genetic-risk-lifestyles-and-early-onset-CVD.

这项研究的分析代码可以在https://github.com/pkuepisd/Genetic-risk-lifestyles-and-early-onset-CVD.

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe most important acknowledgement is to the participants in the study and the members of the survey teams in each of the ten regional centres, as well as to the project development and management teams based at Beijing, Oxford and the ten regional centres.

下载参考文献致谢最重要的致谢是向研究参与者和十个区域中心的调查团队成员，以及位于北京、牛津和十个区域中心的项目开发和管理团队致谢。

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192901 (L.L.), 82388102 (L.L.), 82192900 (L.L.) and 823B2090 (D.S.)). The CKB baseline survey and the first resurvey were supported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up is supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0900500) (Y.

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（82192901（L.L.），82388102（L.L.），82192900（L.L.）和823B2090（D.S.）的支持。CKB基线调查和第一次重新调查得到了香港嘉道理慈善基金会的资助。长期随访得到了中国国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0900500）（Y。

Guo), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81390540 (L.L.), 91846303 (L.L.) and 81941018 (J.L.)) and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01) (L.L.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDong Sun, Yinqi Ding, Canqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Yuanjie Pang, Liming Li & Jun LvPeking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, ChinaCanqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Pei Pei, Liming Li & Jun LvKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaCanqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Yuanjie Pang, Liming Li & Jun LvClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKLing Yang, Iona Y.

郭），国家自然科学基金（81390540（L.L.），91846303（L.L.）和81941018（J.L.））和中国科学技术部（2011BAI09B01）（L.L.）。资助者在研究设计，数据收集和分析，决定发表或准备稿件方面没有任何作用。作者信息作者和所属单位北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学和生物统计学系，北京，孙东东，丁银琦，余灿清，孙殿建，彭元杰，李黎明和吕军北京大学公共卫生和流行病防备与应对中心，北京，余灿清，孙殿建，孙培培，李黎明和吕军教育部重大疾病流行病学重点实验室，北京，余灿清，孙殿建，彭元杰，李黎明和吕军临床试验服务单位和流行病学研究单位（CTSU），纳菲尔德人口卫生系牛津，牛津，UKLing Yang，Iona Y。

Millwood, Robin G. Walters, Huaidong Du, Dan Schmidt, Rebecca Stevens & Zhengming ChenNon-Commu.

米尔伍德（Millwood）、罗宾·沃尔特斯（Robin G.Walters）、杜怀东（Huaidong Du）、丹·施密特（Dan Schmidt）、丽贝卡·史蒂文斯（Rebecca Stevens）和郑明（Zhengming ChenNon Commu）。

Liming Li or Jun Lv.Ethics declarations

李黎明或吕军。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

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Nature Human Behaviour thanks Yiqiang Zhan and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.

《自然人类行为》感谢詹益强和另一位匿名审稿人对这项工作的同行评审所做的贡献。同行评审报告可供查阅。

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协会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有人的出版协议对本文拥有专有权；本文接受稿件版本的作者自行存档仅受此类出版协议和适用法律的条款管辖。转载和许可本文引用本文中国嘉道理生物库合作小组。

Joint impact of polygenic risk score and lifestyles on early- and late-onset cardiovascular diseases..

多基因风险评分和生活方式对早发性和晚发性心血管疾病的联合影响。。

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