AbstractAssociations of adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids) with body fat mass and distribution and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were compared with results of homeostasis-model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 284 Japanese female university students and 148 their biological mothers whose BMI averaged < 23 kg/m2.

摘要比较了284名日本女大学生及其148名BMI平均<23 kg/m2的生母的脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗指数（AT-IR，空腹胰岛素和游离脂肪酸的产物）与体脂质量和分布以及阑尾骨骼肌质量（ASM）与稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）的结果。

Although mothers compared with daughters had higher BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat to body fat (TF/BF) ratio and lower leg fat to body fat (LF/BF), AT-IR and HOMA-IR did not differ. We had multivariable linear regression analyses which included TF/BF ratio, LF/BF ratio, weight-adjusted ASM (%ASM), height-adjusted ASM index (ASMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage.

尽管母亲与女儿相比具有更高的BMI，体脂百分比，躯干脂肪与体脂（TF/BF）比率和小腿脂肪与体脂（LF/BF），但AT-IR和HOMA-IR没有差异。我们进行了多变量线性回归分析，包括TF/BF比，LF/BF比，体重调整后的ASM（%）ASM，身高调整后的ASM指数（ASMI），脂肪质量指数（FMI）和体脂百分比。

In young women, AT-IR was independently associated with LF/BF ratio (Standardized β [Sβ]: − 0.139, p = 0.019) and ASMI (Sβ: − 0.167, p = 0.005). In middle-aged women, LF/BF ratio (Sβ: − 0.177, p = 0.049) and %ASM (Sβ: − 0.205, p = 0.02) emerged as independent determinants of AT-IR. HOMA-IR was associated with TF/BF ratio and FMI, a proxy of abdominal and general adiposity, respectively, in both young and middle-aged women.

在年轻女性中，AT-IR与LF/BF比（标准化β[Sβ]：-0.139，p=0.019）和ASMI（Sβ：-0.167，p=0.005）独立相关。在中年女性中，LF/BF比（Sβ：-0.177，p=0.049）和%ASM（Sβ：-0.205，p=0.02）成为AT-IR的独立决定因素。HOMA-IR与TF/BF比和FMI相关，FMI分别是年轻和中年女性腹部和全身肥胖的代表。

The inverse association of AT-IR with leg fat may support the notion that limited peripheral adipose storage capacity and small skeletal muscle size are important etiological components in insulin-resistant cardiometabolic disease in Japanese women..

AT-IR与腿部脂肪的负相关可能支持这样的观点，即有限的外周脂肪储存能力和较小的骨骼肌大小是日本女性胰岛素抵抗心脏代谢疾病的重要病因。。

IntroductionInsulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are major hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Fat accumulation in the upper body (abdominal/truncal obesity) is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease1,2,3,4,5. In contrast, fat accumulation in the lower body (gluteofemoral/leg region) shows favorable associations with cardiometabolic health when adjusted for overall fat mass1,2,3,4,5.Lipodystrophies are relatively rare and characterized by impairments in white adipose tissue function and its mass or distribution6.

简介胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌受损是2型糖尿病的主要标志。上身脂肪堆积（腹部/躯干肥胖）与胰岛素抵抗，2型糖尿病和心血管疾病有关1,2,3,4,5。相比之下，当调整总体脂肪量1,2,3,4,5时，下半身（臀股/腿部区域）的脂肪积累与心脏代谢健康显示出良好的相关性。脂肪营养不良相对罕见，其特征是白色脂肪组织功能受损及其质量或分布6。

Genome-wide association studies focusing on insulin resistance7,8 revealed that elevated insulin resistance scores were associated with lower BMI and lower leg subcutaneous fat mass, a subtle lipodystrophy-like phenotype, and suggest that the link may be associated with the impaired capacity to adequately expand the peripheral adipose tissue compartments.

关注胰岛素抵抗的全基因组关联研究[7,8]显示，胰岛素抵抗评分升高与较低的BMI和小腿皮下脂肪量相关，这是一种微妙的脂肪营养不良样表型，并表明这种联系可能与能力受损有关。充分扩大外周脂肪组织区室。

Han et al.9 reported that low leg fat to total body fat ratio is the strongest independent predictor of cardiometabolic health in normal-weight subjects whereas it is not a significant determinant of metabolic risk in obese subjects. We showed that lower birthweight10 and a positive family history of type 2 diabetes11 were associated with low leg fat mass in young Japanese women.Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-dependent glucose uptake in vivo12.

Han等[9]报道，低腿部脂肪与全身脂肪比是正常体重受试者心脏代谢健康的最强独立预测因子，而它并不是肥胖受试者代谢风险的重要决定因素。我们发现，较低的出生体重10和2型糖尿病的阳性家族史11与日本年轻女性的小腿脂肪量低有关。骨骼肌是负责体内胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖摄取的主要组织12。

Studies demonstrated that low skeletal muscle mass was associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes in adolescents or youth, general populations, and older adults13,14,15,16,17,18.Although the gold standard to measure multi-tissue insulin resistance is a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure and stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions, there are two si.

研究表明，青少年或青少年，普通人群和老年人的低骨骼肌质量与胰岛素抵抗，代谢综合征和2型糖尿病有关13,14,15,16,17,18。尽管测量多组织胰岛素抵抗的金标准是血糖正常的高胰岛素钳夹手术和稳定的同位素标记示踪剂输注，但有两个si。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

本研究中使用和/或分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe are indebted to all the participants for their dedicated and conscientious collaboration.FundingThis research received no specific grant.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsResearch Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, JapanSatomi Minato-Inokawa, Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji, Mika Takeuchi, Kaori Kitaoka, Miki Kurata, Tsutomu Kazumi & Keisuke FukuoLaboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, JapanSatomi Minato-InokawaOpen Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, JapanMari Honda, Bin Wu, Tsutomu Kazumi & Keisuke FukuoDepartment of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanMari HondaDepartment of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, JapanAyaka Tsuboi-KajiDepartment of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, JapanKaori KitaokaDepartment of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, JapanMiki Kurata & Keisuke FukuoDepartment of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaBin WuDepartment of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, JapanTsutomu KazumiAuthorsSatomi Minato-InokawaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢所有参与者的敬业和认真合作。资助这项研究没有得到特别的资助。作者信息作者和所属机构木川女子大学营养科学研究所，6-46，池滨町，西宫，兵库，663-8558，日本小川町川町，Ayaka-Tsuboi-Kaji，武内町，北冈高丽，黑田三木，小川町和福岛社区健康与营养实验室，爱媛大学农业研究生院生物科学系，松山爱媛，日本爱媛县爱媛町町川盆生活方式相关疾病研究中心，木川女子大学大学，西宫县，兵库县，日本马里-本田县，吴斌，日本神户女子大学健康与福利学院，健康，体育与营养系，神户女子大学，神户县，兵库县，日本马里-本田县，大阪市Juso医院，营养系，大阪市，大阪市，大阪市，日本北川大学食品科学与营养系，木川女子大学，西宫，兵库，日本黑田敬介和福田敬介，昆明医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科，云南昆明，吴斌，日本兵库县卡考川市Kohan Kakogawa医院医学系Kakogawa作者Satomi Minato Inokawiew作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarMari HondaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌ScholarMari HondaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarAyaka Tsuboi-KajiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

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PubMed Google ScholarKaori KitaokaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

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PubMed Google ScholarBin WuView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsS.M.I., M.H., A.T.K. and M.T. collected data and prepared figures. K.K., M.K. and B.W. analyzed data and prepared tables. T.K. wrote the manuscript, and K.F. reviewed and edited it. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。M、 I.，M.H.，A.T.K.和M.T.收集了数据并准备了数字。K、 K.，M.K.和B.W.分析了数据并准备了表格。T、 K.撰写了手稿，K.F.对其进行了审查和编辑。所有作者都批准了手稿的最终版本。

T.K. supervised the study, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

T、 K.监督研究，完全可以访问研究中的所有数据，并负责数据的完整性和数据分析的准确性。所有作者都审阅了手稿。对应作者对应。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleMinato-Inokawa, S., Honda, M., Tsuboi-Kaji, A. et al. Adipose tissue insulin resistance index was inversely associated with gluteofemoral fat and skeletal muscle mass in Japanese women.

转载和许可本文引用本文Minato Inokawa，S.，Honda，M.，Tsuboi Kaji，A。等人。脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗指数与日本女性的臀股脂肪和骨骼肌质量呈负相关。

Sci Rep 14, 16347 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67184-6Download citationReceived: 28 April 2024Accepted: 09 July 2024Published: 16 July 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67184-6Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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KeywordsAdipose tissue insulin resistanceHomeostasis-model assessment-insulin resistanceBody compositionLeg fatTrunk fatSkeletal muscle

关键词脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗身体成分腿部脂肪脂肪骨骼肌

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