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register hereBackground: Macrocephaly is described in almost 15% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Relationships between head growth trajectories and clinical findings in ASD children show a high degree of variability, highlighting the complex heterogeneity of the disorder.Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure differences of the early growth trajectory of head circumference (HC) in children with ASD and macrocephaly compared to ASD normocephalic children, examining clinical correlates in the two groups of patients.Methods: HC data were collected from birth to 5 years of age in a sample of children with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD.

背景：近15%的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童患有大头畸形。自闭症儿童的头部生长轨迹与临床发现之间的关系显示出高度的变异性，突显了该疾病的复杂异质性。目的：本研究的目的是测量ASD和大头畸形儿童与ASD正常头畸形儿童的头围（HC）早期生长轨迹的差异，检查两组患者的临床相关性。方法：收集确诊为ASD的儿童样本中从出生到5岁的HC数据。

Participants were classified into two groups: ASD macrocephaly (ASD-M, Z-scores ≥1.88 in at least two consecutive HC measurements), and ASD non-macrocephaly (ASD-N). Based on the distribution of HC measurements (Z-scores), five age groups were identified for the longitudinal study. Developmental and behavioral characteristics of the ASD-M children compared to the ASD-N group were compared by using standardized scores.Results: 20,8% of the children sample met criteria for macrocephaly.

参与者分为两组：ASD大头畸形（至少连续两次HC测量中ASD-M，Z评分≥1.88）和ASD非大头畸形（ASD-N）。根据HC测量值（Z分数）的分布，确定了五个年龄组进行纵向研究。通过使用标准化评分比较ASD-M儿童与ASD-N组的发育和行为特征。结果：20.8%的儿童样本符合大头畸形标准。

HC values became indicative of macrocephaly in the ASD-M group at the age range from 1 to 6 months, and persisted thereafter throughout the first five years of age. ASD-M children showed significantly higher developmental quotients of Griffiths III B and D subscales compared to ASD-N group. No significant differences in the severity of ASD symptoms assessed by ADOS-2were observed between ASD-M and ASD-N groups.Conclusion: In this study HC size from birth to 5 years links to accelerated HC growth rate as early as the first 6 months of age in children with ASD and macrocephaly, preceding the onset and diagnosis of ASD.

HC值在1至6个月的年龄范围内成为ASD-M组大头畸形的指标，此后在整个前五岁期间持续存在。与ASD-N组相比，ASD-M儿童的Griffiths III B和D分量表的发育商显着更高。在ASD-M和ASD-N组之间，通过ADOS-2评估的ASD症状的严重程度没有显着差异。。

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