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拉丁美洲心脏代谢健康的流行病学和解决差异的策略
Epidemiology of cardiometabolic health in Latin America and strategies to address disparities
Nature 等信源发布 2024-07-25 22:23
可切换为仅中文
AbstractIn Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), sociodemographic context, socioeconomic disparities and the high level of urbanization provide a unique entry point to reflect on the burden of cardiometabolic disease in the region. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in LAC, precipitated by population growth and ageing together with a rapid increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, predominantly obesity and diabetes mellitus, over the past four decades.
摘要在拉丁美洲和加勒比（LAC），社会人口背景，社会经济差异和高水平的城市化为反映该地区心脏代谢疾病的负担提供了一个独特的切入点。心血管疾病是拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区死亡的主要原因，在过去的四十年中，人口增长和老龄化以及心脏代谢危险因素（主要是肥胖和糖尿病）的患病率迅速增加。
Strategies to address this growing cardiometabolic burden include both population-wide and individual-based initiatives tailored to the specific challenges faced by different LAC countries, which are heterogeneous. The implementation of public policies to reduce smoking and health system approaches to control hypertension are examples of scalable strategies.
应对这种日益增长的心脏代谢负担的策略包括针对不同拉丁美洲和加勒比海国家面临的具体挑战而量身定制的全人群和基于个人的举措，这些挑战是异质的。实施减少吸烟的公共政策和卫生系统控制高血压的方法是可扩展策略的例子。
The challenges faced by LAC are also opportunities to foster innovative approaches to combat the high burden of cardiometabolic diseases such as implementing digital health interventions and team-based initiatives. This Review provides a summary of trends in the epidemiology of cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in LAC as well as context-specific disease determinants and potential solutions to improve cardiometabolic health in the region.Key points.
拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区面临的挑战也是促进创新方法以应对心脏代谢疾病高负担的机会，例如实施数字健康干预措施和基于团队的举措。本综述总结了拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区心脏代谢疾病及其危险因素的流行病学趋势，以及特定背景的疾病决定因素和改善该地区心脏代谢健康的潜在解决方案。关键点。
Adult populations of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) often experience biological and societal adversity from early life, increasing the subsequent risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and their complications.
拉丁美洲和加勒比海（LAC）的成年人群经常在早期经历生物和社会逆境，增加了随后发生心脏代谢疾病及其并发症的风险。
Increased urbanization and rapid population ageing in LAC, together with reduced socioeconomic conditions and inequity, result in a milieu that favours poor cardiometabolic health.
拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区城市化程度的提高和人口快速老龄化，以及社会经济条件和不平等程度的降低，导致了一种有利于心脏代谢健康状况不佳的环境。
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in LAC, and the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors reveals the importance of public health policies to counteract these trajectories.
心血管疾病是拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区死亡的主要原因，心脏代谢危险因素的日益流行揭示了公共卫生政策对抗这些轨迹的重要性。
Strategies to combat the cardiometabolic disease epidemic in LAC must be guided by high-quality local data and focus on evidence-based, population-wide and individual-based strategies, tailored to the local context.
防治拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区心脏代谢疾病流行的战略必须以高质量的当地数据为指导，并侧重于根据当地情况量身定制的循证，全人群和基于个人的战略。
Innovative solutions that have been shown to be effective, such as digital health interventions and team-based strategies, should be implemented across LAC, fostered by local, regional and global investments.
已经证明有效的创新解决方案，如数字健康干预和基于团队的战略，应该在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区实施，并由地方、区域和全球投资推动。
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Fig. 1: Human Development Index and urban population in Latin America and the Caribbean by country.Fig. 2: Proportion of deaths from non-communicable diseases and cardiovascular mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean by country.Fig. 3: Trends in selected cardiometabolic risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean.Fig.
图1：按国家分列的拉丁美洲和加勒比地区人类发展指数和城市人口。图2：拉丁美洲和加勒比国家非传染性疾病死亡和心血管死亡率的比例。图3：拉丁美洲和加勒比地区选定心脏代谢危险因素的趋势。图。
4: Prevalence of obesity in Latin America and the Caribbean by country..
4： 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区肥胖患病率。。
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世界卫生组织。2013-2020年预防和控制非传染性疾病全球行动计划https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789241506236_eng.pdf?sequence=1（2013年）。。C、 C.B.部分由CNPq（307329/2022-4）和FAPEMIG（RED-00192-23）支持。
J.J.M. acknowledges support from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (2009/32034, 2012/253750); Bloomberg Philanthropies (grant 46129, via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health); FONDECYT via CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTEC, British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018); Department for International Development/Medical Research Council/Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1); Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877, R21TW011740, K01TW011478); Grand Challenges Canada (GMH-POC-0335-04); International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167); Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036); National Cancer Institute (NCI 1P20CA217231); National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq Brasil 408523/2023-9); National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC 2022566); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590); National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR 150261, NIHR 150287); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK K23DK135798); National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 1U19MH098780); NSW Health; Cardiovascular Elite Postdoctoral Researcher Grants (H23/37663); Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366); United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Counci.
J、 J.M.感谢卫生政策和系统研究联盟（2009/320342012/253750）的支持；彭博慈善社（拨款46129，通过北卡罗来纳大学教堂山公共卫生学院）；FONDECYT通过CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTEC，英国文化委员会，英国大使馆和Newton-Paulet基金（223-2018224-2018）；国际发展部/医学研究理事会/惠康全球健康试验（MR/M007405/1）；福格蒂国际中心（R21TW009982，D71TW010877，R21TW011740，K01TW011478）；加拿大大挑战赛（GMH-POC-0335-04）；加拿大国际发展研究中心（IDRC 106887108167）；美洲全球变化研究所（IAI CRN3036）；国家癌症研究所（NCI 1P20CA217231）；国家科学技术发展委员会（CNPq巴西408523/2023-9）；国家卫生与医学研究委员会（NHMRC 2022566）；国家心肺血液研究所（NHLBI HHSN268200900033C，5U01HL1141801UM1HL134590）；国家卫生与保健研究所（NIHR 150261，NIHR 150287）；国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏疾病研究所（NIDDK K23DK135798）；国家心理健康研究所（NIMH 1U19MH098780）；新南威尔士州健康；心血管精英博士后研究资助（H23/37663）；；英国研究与创新（UKRI）生物技术和生物科学研究委员会。
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Nature Reviews Cardiology thanks Leonelo Bautista and Fernando Lanas for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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