AbstractGlobally, breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality among females. Research has shown that sleep patterns significantly influence tumor onset and progression. In this research, the association was examined through the application of a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

摘要在全球范围内，乳腺癌仍然是女性癌症相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因。研究表明，睡眠模式显着影响肿瘤的发生和发展。在这项研究中，通过应用双样本孟德尔随机化（MR）方法检查了这种关联。

For the analysis of seven sleep patterns, genetic tools were sourced from both the UK Biobank and 23andMe, including morning/evening person (chronotype) n = 177,604, morning person (chronotype) n = 248,094, daytime dozing/sleepiness n = 193,472, getting up in the morning n = 193,717, and sleeplessness n = 193,987; sleep duration n = 192,810; and nap during the day n = 166,853.

为了分析七种睡眠模式，遗传工具来自英国生物库和23andMe，包括早晨/晚上的人（chronotype）n 177604，早晨的人（chronotype）n 248094，白天打瞌睡/瞌睡n 193472，早上起床n 193717，失眠n 193987；睡眠时间n=192810；白天小睡166853。

The Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) supplied genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, alongside subtype-specific data with 106,278 cases and 91,477 controls. We discovered that chronotype encompasses both morning and evening types contributes to the risk of overall breast cancer.

乳腺癌协会联盟（BCAC）提供了全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据，包括133384例乳腺癌病例和113789例对照，以及106278例和91477例对照的亚型特异性数据。我们发现，时间型包括早晨和晚上类型，这会导致整体乳腺癌的风险。

While daytime dozing and morning person (chronotype) are linked to a lower risk of breast cancer in general, In subtype-specific analyses, morning person (chronotype) was negatively associated with luminal B, HER2-negative-like, and daytime dozing was negatively correlated with luminal A-like, luminal B-like, and HER2-enriched-like.

虽然白天打瞌睡和早晨打瞌睡（chronotype）通常与较低的乳腺癌风险相关，但在亚型特异性分析中，早晨打瞌睡（chronotype）与鲁米那B，HER2阴性样呈负相关，白天打瞌睡与鲁米那a样，鲁米那B样和HER2富集样呈负相关。

The study corroborates that chronotype is a danger element for breast cancer, aligning with previous observational findings. The association between being a morning person (chronotype) or having daytime dozing and a decreased risk of breast cancer underscores the significance of sleep patterns in formulating strategies for cancer prevention..

该研究证实，时间型是乳腺癌的危险因素，与之前的观察结果一致。早起（时辰型）或白天打瞌睡与降低乳腺癌风险之间的关联强调了睡眠模式在制定癌症预防策略中的重要性。。

IntroductionAcross the globe, breast cancer emerges as the primary malignancy affecting females, holding the position as the foremost contributor to oncological fatalities within this population, thus severely impacting the health and longevity of women1. The latest 2020 statistics estimate that approximately 2.3 million individuals were diagnosed with breast cancer, resulting in approximately 685,000 fatalities.

引言在全球范围内，乳腺癌是影响女性的主要恶性肿瘤，是该人群中肿瘤死亡的首要因素，因此严重影响了女性的健康和寿命1。最新的2020年统计数据估计，约有230万人被诊断出患有乳腺癌，导致约685000人死亡。

Over half of these diagnoses and two-thirds of the related deaths are reported in the less developed regions, with an anticipated surge in cases in areas undergoing economic transformation1,2. Global research efforts have sought to delineate the etiology of breast cancer, revealing it to be a multifaceted disease influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, environmental exposures, and their interplay3.

据报道，这些诊断中有一半以上和三分之二的相关死亡发生在欠发达地区，预计经济转型地区的病例会激增1,2。全球研究工作试图描述乳腺癌的病因，揭示它是一种受遗传因素，生活方式，环境暴露及其相互作用影响的多方面疾病3。

A myriad of lifestyle factors, including but not limited to body composition, obesity, physical activity levels, alcohol intake, smoking habits, dietary patterns, and vitamin intake, have been definitively linked to the risk and advancement of breast cancer4,5,6. In recent years, scientific inquiry has increasingly concentrated on how personal lifestyle behaviors affect both the occurrence and evolution of diseases.

无数的生活方式因素，包括但不限于身体成分，肥胖，身体活动水平，酒精摄入量，吸烟习惯，饮食模式和维生素摄入量，与乳腺癌的风险和进展有着明确的联系4,5,6。近年来，科学研究越来越关注个人生活方式行为如何影响疾病的发生和发展。

Issues such as insomnia, insufficient sleep, and changes in circadian rhythms are becoming increasingly common7,8. Consequently, researchers are committed to conducting comprehensive analyses of how different sleep patterns affect the initiation and advancement of tumors.Sleep disorders are prevalent across the general population, with insomnia affecting 6% to 20%9, hypersomnia, defined as sleeping for more than 9 h, ranges between 0.5% and 1.6%10, 9% to 38% of people having obstructive sleep apnea11, and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders estimated .

失眠，睡眠不足和昼夜节律变化等问题越来越普遍7,8。因此，研究人员致力于全面分析不同的睡眠模式如何影响肿瘤的发生和发展。睡眠障碍在普通人群中普遍存在，失眠影响6%至20%9，嗜睡（定义为睡眠超过9小时）在0.5%至1.6%10之间，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的9%至38%11，估计昼夜节律睡眠-觉醒障碍。

Data availability

数据可用性

This research exclusively utilized publicly available data from the UK Biobank (http://ukbiobank.ac.uk/), 23andMe datasets16, and BCAC (https://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk).

这项研究专门利用了英国生物库的公开数据(http://ukbiobank.ac.uk/)，23andMe数据集16和BCAC(https://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk)。

AbbreviationsMR:

缩写MR：

Mendelian randomization

孟德尔随机化

GWAS:

GWAS：

Genome-wide association studies

全基因组关联研究

BCAC:

BCAC：

Breast Cancer Association Consortium

国际乳癌研究联盟

SNPs:

单核苷酸多态性：

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

单核苷酸多态性

IVs:

IV：

Instrumental variables

工具变量

LD:

LD公司：

Linkage disequilibrium

连锁不平衡

IVW:

IVW：

Inverse Variance Weighted

逆方差加权

GRS:

GRS：

Genotyping and weighted genetic risk score

基因分型和加权遗传风险评分

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThis work used resources from the UK Biobank, 23andMe datasets, and BCAC. Our gratitude is extended to all investigators for making their data available.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Breast Center, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaJing Feng, Yixue Wen & Zhen ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaYe ZhangAuthorsJing FengView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢这项工作使用了英国生物库，23andMe数据集和BCAC的资源。我们感谢所有调查人员提供他们的数据。作者信息作者和附属机构中国电子科技大学医学院绵阳市中心医院乳腺中心，中华人民共和国四川绵阳市经峰，易学文和张震中国电子科技大学医学院绵阳市中心医院神经外科，中华人民共和国四川省绵阳市也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarYixue WenView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学术评论WenView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarZhen ZhangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学者Zhen ZhangView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarYe ZhangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarYe ZhangView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJ.F. contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, gathered and analyzed data, drafted the manuscript and figures, and participated in manuscript review. Y.W. was involved in data collection and analysis. Y.Z. and Z.Z. were engaged in the study's conceptualization, design, and manuscript revision.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。F、 为研究的概念化和设计做出了贡献，收集和分析了数据，起草了手稿和数字，并参与了手稿审查。Y、 W.参与了数据收集和分析。Y、 Z.和Z.Z.参与了该研究的概念化，设计和手稿修订。

All tasks attributed to the authors were personally conducted, as explicitly mentioned within the manuscript.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to.

正如手稿中明确提到的那样，归因于作者的所有任务都是亲自完成的。通讯作者通讯。

Zhen Zhang or Ye Zhang.Ethics declarations

Zhen Zhang或Ye Zhang。道德宣言

Competing interests

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleFeng, J., Wen, Y., Zhang, Z. et al. Sleep traits and breast cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

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Sci Rep 14, 17746 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68856-zDownload citationReceived: 11 March 2024Accepted: 29 July 2024Published: 31 July 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68856-zShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Sci Rep 1417746（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68856-zDownload引文接收日期：2024年3月11日接受日期：2024年7月29日发布日期：2024年7月31日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68856-zShare本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsSleep traitsChronotypeDaytime dozingBreast cancerMendelian randomization

关键词睡眠特征时间型日间dozingBreast癌症孟德尔随机化

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Genetic association studyGenetic linkage studyGenetic markersGeneticsLifestyle modificationOncology

遗传关联研究遗传连锁研究遗传标记遗传学修饰遗传学

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