AbstractOur aim was to explore possible relationships between serum levels of biomarkers in patients with hand-arm vibration injury in relation to the severity of the vascular, i.e., Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), and neurosensory manifestations, the current exposure level, and the duration of exposure.

摘要我们的目的是探讨手臂振动损伤患者血清生物标志物水平与血管严重程度（即雷诺现象（RP））和神经感觉表现，当前暴露水平和暴露持续时间之间的可能关系。

This study was of case series design and involved 92 patients diagnosed with hand-arm vibration injury. Jonckheere’s trend test was used to assess any association between serum levels of biomarkers and RP as well as neurosensory manifestations, graded by the International Consensus Criteria. Generalized linear models with adjustment for possible confounders were also used for associations between serum levels of biomarkers and; (1) severity of RP recorded as the extent of finger blanching calculated with Griffin score, (2) vibration perception thresholds, (3) magnitude of current exposure as [A(8); (m/s2)] value, and (4) the duration of exposure in years.

。Jonckheere的趋势检验用于评估血清生物标志物水平与RP以及神经感觉表现之间的任何关联，并根据国际共识标准进行分级。还使用了针对可能混杂因素进行调整的广义线性模型来评估血清生物标志物水平与RP之间的关联；（1） RP的严重程度记录为用Griffin评分计算的手指烫烫程度，（2）振动感知阈值，（3）当前暴露程度为[A（8）；（m/s2）]值，以及（4）暴露持续时间（以年为单位）。

Serum levels of thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), heat shock protein 27, and caspase-3 were positively associated with severity of RP. Serum levels of CGRP were positively associated with the neurosensory component. No associations with exposure were shown for these biomarkers.

血栓调节蛋白、血管性血友病因子、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、热休克蛋白27和半胱天冬酶-3的血清水平与RP的严重程度呈正相关。CGRP的血清水平与神经感觉成分呈正相关。这些生物标志物与暴露没有关联。

For Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, no associations were found with neither severity nor exposure. Levels of serum biomarkers associated with endothelial injury or dysfunction, inflammation, vasodilation, neuroprotection, and apoptosis were positively associated with the severity of hand-arm vibration injury..

对于细胞间粘附分子1和单核细胞趋化蛋白1，没有发现与严重程度和暴露相关的关联。与内皮损伤或功能障碍，炎症，血管舒张，神经保护和细胞凋亡相关的血清生物标志物水平与手臂振动损伤的严重程度呈正相关。。

IntroductionHand arm-vibration injury affects many workers globally. Manifest, the condition has a poor prognosis, with little expected improvement even if the exposure ceases1. The clinical investigation of vibration-exposed patients is mainly based on medical history, semi-objective findings, exposure assessment, and ruling out other medical conditions with the same clinical presentation2.

引言手臂振动损伤影响全球许多工人。显然，这种情况的预后很差，即使暴露停止，预期也没有什么改善1。振动暴露患者的临床调查主要基于病史，半客观发现，暴露评估，并排除具有相同临床表现的其他疾病2。

Typical symptoms are episodic finger blanching, Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), when the worker is exposed to cold or stress, i.e., and symptoms from affected sensory units with small- and large nerve fibers in the fingers and hand-wrist area. Nerve entrapments, e.g., median or ulnar nerve compression, are also part of the diagnosis and sometimes challenge the clinical assessment1.

当工人暴露于寒冷或压力时，典型的症状是间歇性手指变烫，雷诺现象（RP），即手指和手腕区域有大小神经纤维的受影响感觉单位的症状。神经卡压，例如正中神经或尺神经压迫，也是诊断的一部分，有时会挑战临床评估1。

In a quest to find objective diagnostic tools in the clinical investigation of these patients, we recently conducted a study on serum biomarkers and the correlation to hand-arm vibration injury3.Studies suggest that pathophysiological mechanisms involve both localized, structural injury to blood vessels and peripheral nerves4,5,6,7,8,9, systemic imbalance of the autonomic nervous system10 with effect on the heart rate variability11,12, and inflammatory processes via oxidative stress6,8,13,14,15,16.

为了在这些患者的临床研究中寻找客观的诊断工具，我们最近对血清生物标志物及其与手臂振动损伤的相关性进行了研究3。研究表明，病理生理机制涉及血管和周围神经的局部结构性损伤4,5,6,7,8,9，自主神经系统的全身性失衡10对心率变异性11,12的影响，以及通过氧化应激的炎症过程6,8,13,14,15,16。

For example, elevated plasma levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), a transmembrane protein that is being upregulates under conditions of stress or injury, associated with connective tissue diseases17 and correlated to disease activity in patients with RP due to scleroderma18 have been shown in an experimental study in vibration exposed individuals19 and in vibration injured patients compared to controls20.In the previous study3, we found elevated serum levels of biomarkers that are associated with in.

例如，细胞间粘附分子1（ICAM-1）的血浆水平升高，ICAM-1是一种跨膜蛋白，在压力或损伤条件下上调，与结缔组织疾病17相关，并与硬化症引起的RP患者的疾病活动相关18。在一项针对振动暴露个体19和振动损伤患者的实验研究中，与对照组20相比，我们发现血清中与in相关的生物标志物水平升高。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets presented in this article are not readily available as public access to data is restricted to Swedish Authorities (Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act), but data can be made available for researchers after a special review that includes approval of the research project by both an Ethics Committee and the Authorities’ Data Safety Committees.

本文中提供的数据集并不容易获得，因为公众对数据的访问仅限于瑞典当局（《公共信息获取和保密法》），但经过特别审查，包括伦理委员会和当局数据安全委员会对研究项目的批准，研究人员可以获得数据。

Contact the corresponding author for request..

联系通讯作者以获取请求。。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Ass. Prof. Anna Axmon for help with statistics. Ms Ulla Andersson, Ms Else Åkerberg Krook, Ms Eva Assarsson and Ms Anna Larsson for collection of the blood samples and handling of the data. We would also like to express our gratitude to all participants in the patient and control groups of this study.FundingOpen access funding provided by Lund University.

下载参考文献致谢作者要感谢Ass.Anna Axmon教授在统计方面的帮助。乌拉·安德森女士、埃尔斯奥克伯格·克罗克女士、伊娃·阿萨尔松女士和安娜·拉尔森女士负责采集血液样本和处理数据。。资金隆德大学提供的开放获取资金。

The study was funded by AFA Insurance (Grant number 170124), the Swedish Research Council [2022–01942], The Swedish Diabetes Foundation [DIA2020-492], the Regional Agreement on Medical Training and Clinical Research (ALF) between Region Skåne and Lund University, Region Skåne, and funds from Skåne University Hospital.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDivision of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, SwedenEva Tekavec, Catarina Nordander, Jakob Riddar & Monica KåredalDivision of Sustainable Health and Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, SwedenTohr NilssonDepartment of Translational Medicine – Hand Surgery, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, SwedenLars B.

这项研究由AFA保险（授权号170124），瑞典研究委员会[2022-01942]，瑞典糖尿病基金会[DIA2020-492]，Skåne地区与隆德大学，Skåne地区之间的医疗培训和临床研究区域协议（ALF）以及Skåne大学医院的资金资助。作者信息作者和附属机构隆德大学检验医学系职业与环境医学系，221 00，隆德，斯维登埃娃·特卡维奇，卡塔琳娜·诺丹德，雅各布·里德尔和莫妮卡·科雷德可持续健康与医学系，乌梅大学公共卫生与临床医学系，901 87，乌梅，斯维登托赫·尼尔松转化医学系-手外科，隆德大学，221 00，隆德，斯维登拉尔斯B。

DahlinDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, 223 63, Lund, SwedenElizabeth Huynh & Monica KåredalAuthorsEva TekavecView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsConceptualization: E.T., C.N., MK.; methodology: MK.; chemical analyses: EH., MK.; formal analysis: E.T., C.N., M.K.; data curation: E.T., C.N.; writing–original draft preparation: E.T., C.N., M.K; LBD.; TN; writing, review and editing: E.T., C.N., M.K., L.B.D., J.R., T.N.; supervision: T.N., L.B.D., C.N., M.K.; funding acquisition: C.N., LBD.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献概念：E.T.，C.N.，MK。；方法学：MK。；化学分析：EH。，MK。；形式分析：E.T.，C.N.，M.K。；数据管理：E.T.，C.N。；写作-原稿准备：E.T.，C.N.，M.K；LBD。；；写作，评论和编辑：E.T.，C.N.，M.K.，L.B.D.，J.R.，T.N。；监督：T.N.，L.B.D.，C.N.，M.K。；资金收购：C.N.，LBD。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleTekavec, E., Nilsson, T., Dahlin, L.B. et al. Serum levels of biomarkers related to severity staging of Raynaud’s phenomenon, neurosensory manifestations, and vibration exposure in patients with hand-arm vibration injury.

转载和许可本文引用了这篇文章Tekavec，E.，Nilsson，T.，Dahlin，L.B。等人的血清生物标志物水平与雷诺现象的严重程度分期，神经感觉表现和手臂振动损伤患者的振动暴露有关。

Sci Rep 14, 18128 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68846-1Download citationReceived: 12 March 2024Accepted: 29 July 2024Published: 05 August 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68846-1Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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KeywordsHand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)Vibration exposureOccupationalSerum biomarkersGrading of injuryEndothelial dysfunctionNeuroprotectionC-fibersAδ fibersAβ fibersCold intolerance

关键词和手臂振动综合征（HAVS）振动暴露职业血清生物标志物损伤内皮功能障碍的分级神经保护纤维Aδ纤维Aβ纤维冷不耐受

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