Dear Editor,The global prevalence of XBB subvariants, known for their significant immune evasion, has driven the development and adaptation of XBB vaccines. Monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines have been developed and shown to provoke robust immune responses against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 following vaccination.1 In June 2023, the XBB.1.5-recombinant COVID-19 trivalent (XBB.1.5 + BA.5+Delta) protein vaccine (trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine) (WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd., China) was approved for emergency use against XBB subvariants.

亲爱的编辑，XBB亚型的全球流行，以其显着的免疫逃避而闻名，推动了XBB疫苗的开发和适应。已经开发出单价XBB.1.5 mRNA疫苗，并显示其在接种疫苗后对XBB.1.5，EG.5.1和BA.2.86产生强烈的免疫应答。1 2023年6月，XBB.1.5重组COVID-19三价（XBB.1.5 +BA.5+Delta）蛋白疫苗（三价XBB.1.5疫苗）（WestVac Biopharma Co.，Ltd.，China）被批准用于紧急治疗XBB亚型。

Although preliminary data from the manufacturer suggest neutralization of several earlier Omicron subvariants and XBB.1.5, there is limited real-world evidence, and persisting immune imprinting may affect the induction of antibodies against new SARS-CoV-2 sublineages,2 such as JN.1, which has increased transmissibility and the ability to evade immunity.3 Additionally, subsequent XBB infection after BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection does not efficiently induce humoral immunity against JN.1,4 raising questions about the ability of the trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine to provide adequate protection against this lineage.

虽然制造商的初步数据表明中和了几个早期的Omicron亚型和XBB.1.5，但现实世界的证据有限，持续的免疫印迹可能会影响针对新SARS-CoV-2亚系的抗体的诱导，2如JN.1，它具有增加的传播性和逃避免疫的能力。此外，BA.5/BF.7突破性感染后随后的XBB感染不能有效诱导针对JN的体液免疫。1,4提出了关于三价XBB.1.5疫苗提供针对该谱系的充分保护的能力的问题。

We measured the neutralizing antibody responses in 32 individuals who experienced a BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection and a subsequent XBB infection before and after receiving the trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccination. The detailed demographic information of the study participants and their vaccination and infection histories are described in the Supplementary Methods.Neutralizing antibodies against D614G, Delta, BA.5, BF.7, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and JN.1 were assessed in serum samples from 32 individuals who had received the trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine before and three weeks after vaccination using a pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assay (Supplementa.

我们测量了32名在接受三价XBB.1.5疫苗接种之前和之后经历BA.5/BF.7突破性感染和随后的XBB感染的个体的中和抗体应答。补充方法中描述了研究参与者的详细人口统计信息及其疫苗接种和感染史。在32名接种三价XBB.1.5疫苗的个体的血清样本中评估了针对D614G，Delta，BA.5，BF.7，XBB.1.5，EG.5.1和JN.1的中和抗体，这些个体在接种前和接种后三周使用基于假型病毒的中和测定法（Supplementa。

Data availability

数据可用性

All data supporting the findings of this study are available in the main text and its supplementary information. Raw data and further information are available from the corresponding authors on request.

所有支持这项研究结果的数据都可以在正文及其补充信息中找到。原始数据和更多信息可应要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThis work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273692 and 92169207) and the Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2021K12). The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.

下载参考文献致谢这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（82273692和92169207）和衢州科技局（2021K12）的资助。该研究的资助者在研究设计，数据收集，数据分析，数据解释或撰写报告中没有任何作用。

We are deeply grateful to all the participants for their interest and invaluable contribution to the study. The findings and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Quzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Bing-Dong Zhan, Xue-Dong Song, Xin Yu, Guo-Jian Yang, Sheng WanAuthors and AffiliationsQuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, ChinaBing-Dong Zhan & Sheng WanState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaXue-Dong Song, Guo-Jian Yang & Mai-Juan MaQujiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, ChinaXin YuDepartment of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaGuo-Jian Yang & Mai-Juan MaAuthorsBing-Dong ZhanView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

我们非常感谢所有参与者对这项研究的兴趣和宝贵贡献。本文所表达的发现和结论是作者的发现和结论，并不一定代表衢州市疾病预防控制中心的官方立场。。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsM.-J.M. and B.-Z.D. conceived and supervised the study. B.-D.Z., X.Y., X.-D.S., G.-J.Y., and S.W. collected the blood samples. X.-D.S. and G.-J.Y. conducted the pseudovirus neutralization experiments. B.-D.Z., X.-D.S., and G.-J.Y. analyzed the data and produced the figures.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献-J、 M.和B.-Z.D.构思并监督了这项研究。B、 -D.Z.，X.Y.，X.-D.S.，G.-J.Y。和S.W.收集了血液样本。十、 -D.S.和G.J.Y.进行了假病毒中和实验。B、 。

M.-J.M. drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to data interpretation, critically reviewed the first draft, and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

M、 -J.M.起草了手稿。所有作者都为数据解释做出了贡献，批判性地审查了初稿，并批准了稿件的最终版本。所有作者都可以完全访问研究中的所有数据，并对提交出版物的决定负有最终责任。对应作者对应。

Mai-Juan Ma.Ethics declarations

Mai Juan Ma.道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethical approval

道德认可

This study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IRB numbers: AF/SC-08/02.60 and AF/SC-08/02.197). All participants provided written consent.

这项研究是在赫尔辛基宣言之后进行的，并得到了军事医学科学院机构审查委员会的批准（IRB编号：AF/SC-08/02.60和AF/SC-08/02.197）。所有参与者都提供了书面同意。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleZhan, BD., Song, XD., Yu, X. et al. Robust neutralizing antibody response to the XBB.1.5 trivalent recombinant protein vaccine booster.

转载和许可本文引用本文Zhan，BD.，Song，XD。，Yu，X。等人。对XBB.1.5三价重组蛋白疫苗增强剂的强大中和抗体反应。

Sig Transduct Target Ther 9, 206 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01924-yDownload citationReceived: 24 February 2024Revised: 28 June 2024Accepted: 01 July 2024Published: 16 August 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01924-yShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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