天气和地理因素导致水传播传染病爆发-动脉网

Weather and geography drive waterborne infectious disease outbreaks

D-Pharm 等信源发布 2024-08-19 12:19

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An analysis of 12 years of data collected from over 500 hospitals in 25 different U.S. states shows that weather, geographic location, and urban or rural location all appear to influence hospitalizations for waterborne infectious diseases, according to a new study by researchers at Columbia University in the open-access journal PLOS Water.

哥伦比亚大学研究人员在开放获取期刊《公共科学图书馆·水》上发表的一项新研究表明，对美国25个不同州500多家医院12年来收集的数据进行的分析表明，天气、地理位置以及城市或农村位置似乎都会影响水传播传染病的住院治疗。

Waterborne infectious diseases caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses still affect over 7,000,000 people annually in the United States despite drinking and recreational water regulations, and sanitation infrastructure. Waterborne pathogens transmitted via contaminated environmental or drinking water can cause severe respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, particularly among vulnerable groups.

尽管有饮用水和娱乐用水法规以及卫生基础设施，但由细菌，寄生虫和病毒引起的水传播传染病每年仍影响美国超过700万人。通过受污染的环境或饮用水传播的水传播病原体可引起严重的呼吸道或胃肠道感染，特别是在弱势群体中。

Drinking water and wastewater treatment substantially reduces the burden of disease but these systems are still vulnerable to contamination. Pathogen-specific water quality monitoring is onerous and expensive, and as a result infrequently conducted. .

饮用水和废水处理大大减轻了疾病负担，但这些系统仍然容易受到污染。病原体特定的水质监测既繁重又昂贵，因此很少进行。

“Understanding the factors that give rise to these infections could eventually lead to a cost-effective early warning system so public health authorities can direct resources to protect people from contaminated drinking water,” says study author Victoria Lynch, a postdoctoral research scientist in environmental health sciences at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

哥伦比亚大学邮递员公共卫生学院环境卫生科学博士后研究科学家维多利亚·林奇（VictoriaLynch）表示：“了解导致这些感染的因素，最终可能会建立一个具有成本效益的早期预警系统，以便公共卫生部门能够引导资源保护人们免受饮用水污染。”。

Lynch and Jeffrey Shaman, professor of environmental health sciences and interim dean of the Columbia Climate School, looked at hospitalizations caused by 12 specific water-borne pathogens, including bacteria like Escherichia coli, parasites like Cryptosporidium, biofilm-forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas and the pathogen causing Legionnaires’ disease—distinct from other bacterial pathogens because they naturally inhabit environmental water—and Norovirus.

林奇（Lynch）和哥伦比亚气候学院（Columbia Climate School）环境健康科学教授兼临时院长杰弗里·萨曼（Jeffrey Shaman）研究了由12种特定的水传播病原体引起的住院治疗，这些病原体包括大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）等细菌、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium）等寄生虫、假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）等生物膜形成细菌以及与其他细菌病原体不同的军团病病原体，因为它们天然存在于环境水和诺如病毒中。

They used data from 516 hospitals in 25 states collected between 2000-2011, as part of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Precipitation, soil moisture, surface runoff, and temperature data were obtained from the NASA/NOAA North American Land Data Assimilation System 2 (NLDAS-2) dataset.

他们使用了2000-2011年间收集的来自25个州516家医院的数据，作为医疗保健成本与利用项目（HCUP）全国住院患者样本（NIS）的一部分。降水，土壤水分，地表径流和温度数据来自NASA/NOAA北美陆地数据同化系统2（NLDAS-2）数据集。

Drinking water data were extracted from the Safe Drinking Water Information System for each hospital's community water system. .

饮用水数据是从每家医院的社区供水系统的安全饮用水信息系统中提取的。

There were 57,335 hospitalizations for waterborne disease between 2000 and 2011 from those 516 hospitals in the United States. The biofilm-forming bacteria comprised nearly 81 percent of all hospitalizations. Hospitalization rates for enteric and biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens were significantly higher in areas that used groundwater as a drinking water source instead of surface water.

2000年至2011年间，美国516家医院共有57335人因水传播疾病住院。生物膜形成细菌占所有住院患者的近81%。在使用地下水作为饮用水源而不是地表水的地区，肠道和生物膜形成细菌病原体的住院率明显较高。

They also found that precipitation, water runoff, and rural locations were positively associated with hospitalizations for some enteric bacterial and parasitic infections, particularly in the Midwestern region. Conversely, hospitalizations for biofilm-forming bacterial infections were associated with soil moisture (a proxy for flooding).

他们还发现，降水、径流和农村地区与某些肠道细菌和寄生虫感染的住院率呈正相关，尤其是在中西部地区。相反，生物膜形成细菌感染的住院治疗与土壤水分（洪水的替代指标）有关。

Legionnaires’ disease was the only infection more common in urban areas. In general, associations between hospitalization rates and meteorological conditions, location, and drinking water source varied depending on the specific pathogens. .

退伍军人病是城市地区唯一较常见的感染。一般来说，住院率与气象条件，地点和饮用水源之间的关联因特定病原体而异。

The authors note they weren’t able to include data on specific water quality (critical to assess the probable route of exposure for pathogens that can also be present in tainted food, like E. coli), or data from much of the Southeast (where states did not report monthly data to HCUP). Lynch and Shaman hope future work will incorporate this information and track outbreaks linked with extreme weather events to further clarify the links between hydrometeorology and waterborne diseases.

作者指出，他们无法包括特定水质的数据（对于评估可能存在于受污染食品中的病原体（如大肠杆菌）的可能暴露途径至关重要），也无法包括来自东南部大部分地区的数据（各州没有向HCUP报告月度数据）。林奇和萨曼希望未来的工作将纳入这些信息，并追踪与极端天气事件相关的疫情，以进一步阐明水文气象与水传播疾病之间的联系。

Original publication

原始出版物

Victoria D. Lynch, Jeffrey Shaman; 'Hydrometeorology and geography affect hospitalizations for waterborne infectious diseases in the United States: A retrospective analysis'; PLOS Water, Volume 3, 2024-8-14

维多利亚·D·林奇，杰弗里·萨曼水文气象和地理影响美国水传播传染病的住院治疗：回顾性分析'；PLOS Water，第3卷，2024-8-14

https://www.bionity.com/en/news/1184225/weather-and-geography-drive-waterborne-infectious-disease-outbreaks.html

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