AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant primary brain tumors in adults. The NPC2 gene (Niemann–Pick type C intracellular cholesterol transporter 2) is a protein-coding gene with a lipid recognition domain. The NPC2 gene was found to be significantly increased in gliomas (LGG and GBM), and it is now thought to be a risk factor.

摘要胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最恶性的原发性脑肿瘤之一。NPC2基因（Niemann–Pick C型细胞内胆固醇转运蛋白2）是具有脂质识别结构域的蛋白质编码基因。。

COX analysis demonstrated that NPC2 was a significant risk factor for glioma. Functional enrichment analysis of genes that were differentially expressed between high and low expression groups revealed that genes were primarily enriched in the regulation of trans-synaptic signaling, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and other pathways.

COX分析表明，NPC2是胶质瘤的重要危险因素。对高表达组和低表达组之间差异表达的基因的功能富集分析表明，基因主要富集于跨突触信号传导，逆行内源性大麻素信号传导和其他途径的调节。

According to the findings of the immunoinfiltration investigation, the NPC2 gene and macrophage, DC, etc. have a strong positive association. In addition, patients with high NPC2 expression had higher levels of immune cell expression. Medication sensitivity research revealed that NPC2’s differential expression had some bearing on patients’ medication sensitivity.

根据免疫浸润研究的结果，NPC2基因与巨噬细胞，DC等有很强的正相关。此外，NPC2高表达的患者免疫细胞表达水平较高。药物敏感性研究表明，NPC2的差异表达与患者的药物敏感性有关。

There was a strong correlation between the prognosis of glioma patients and the gene sets NUDT19 and NUME. In brief, the NPC2 gene was identified to be a possible biomarker of glioma, and preliminary analysis was done on the role of the NPC2 gene in immunological microenvironment of glioma..

神经胶质瘤患者的预后与基因组NUDT19和NUME之间存在很强的相关性。总之，NPC2基因被确定为胶质瘤的可能生物标志物，并初步分析了NPC2基因在胶质瘤免疫微环境中的作用。。

IntroductionGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor prevalent in adults, representing 57% of all gliomas and 48% of all primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors1. It exhibits an infiltrative and expansive growth pattern2,3. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies GBM as the highest grade (IV) among CNS tumors4,5.

引言胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种在成人中普遍存在的高度恶性原发性脑肿瘤，占所有胶质瘤的57%和所有原发性恶性中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤的48%1。它表现出渗透和扩张的增长模式2,3。世界卫生组织（WHO）将GBM归类为中枢神经系统肿瘤中最高级别（IV）4,5。

The current standard treatment for GBM involves maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy6,7,8,9. Despite advancements in multimodal therapies for GBM, including surgery, radiation, systemic treatments (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), and supportive care, the effectiveness of these approaches remains limited.

目前GBM的标准治疗包括最大程度的安全手术切除，然后是同步放射治疗和辅助化疗6,7,8,9。。

The median survival rate is only 15 months, with a generally poor overall prognosis, resulting in low long-term survival rates10,11. Moreover, GBM patients experience progressive decline in neurological function and quality of life, which significantly impacts patients, caregivers, and families. Enhancing the treatment and survival duration, as well as improving the quality of life for GBM patients, poses a significant challenge12.

中位生存率仅为15个月，总体预后较差，导致长期生存率低10,11。此外，GBM患者的神经功能和生活质量逐渐下降，这对患者，护理人员和家属产生了重大影响。提高GBM患者的治疗和生存期，以及改善生活质量，是一项重大挑战12。

Therefore, it is crucial to study the regulatory mechanisms of GBM malignant progression, explore early GBM biomarkers, and develop early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis strategies for GBM.The NPC2 gene is a gene responsible for encoding a protein that possesses a domain specialized in recognizing lipids.

因此，研究GBM恶性进展的调控机制，探索早期GBM生物标志物，制定GBM的早期诊断，治疗和预后策略至关重要。NPC2基因是负责编码具有专门识别脂质结构域的蛋白质的基因。

Extensive research has indicated its involvement in both lipid metabolism and the innate immune pathway. Previous investigations have provided evidence that NPC2 plays a pivotal role in governing the transportation of cholesterol within the late endosomal/lysosomal system13. The pivotal function of NPC2 lies in its role as th.

广泛的研究表明它参与脂质代谢和先天免疫途径。先前的研究提供了证据，表明NPC2在控制晚期内体/溶酶体系统中胆固醇的运输中起着关键作用13。NPC2的关键功能在于其作为th的作用。

The expression of NPC2 gene in cells and tissues verified by qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NPC2 gene in DBTRG cells was significantly higher than that of AVGP12, and the expression of NPC2 gene in cancer tissues was significantly higher (Fig. 9A,B). Additionally, the expression of NPC2 protein in tumor samples was significantly higher than that in normal samples based on the results of IHC (Fig. 9C).Figure 9The expression of NPC2 was verified by RT-qPCR.

通过qRT-PCR验证的NPC2基因在细胞和组织中的表达显示，DBTRG细胞中NPC2基因的表达显着高于AVGP12，并且NPC2基因在癌组织中的表达显着更高（图9A，B）。此外，根据IHC的结果，肿瘤样品中NPC2蛋白的表达显着高于正常样品中的表达（图9C）。图9通过RT-qPCR验证了NPC2的表达。

(A) The differential expression of NPC2 in tissues (cancer and normal) was detected by RT-qPCR; (B) The differential expression of NPC2 in cells (SVGP12 and DBTRG) was detected by RT-qPCR. (C) The differential expression of NPC2 in tissues was detected by IHC.Full size imageDiscussionGBM is a common malignant tumor in adults with poor prognosis and high recurrence rate18.

（A） 通过RT-qPCR检测NPC2在组织（癌症和正常）中的差异表达；（B） 通过RT-qPCR检测NPC2在细胞（SVGP12和DBTRG）中的差异表达。（C） IHC检测组织中NPC2的差异表达。全尺寸图像讨论GBM是成人常见的恶性肿瘤，预后不良，复发率高18。

In recent years, with the wide application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the field of cancer, we have more understanding of the mechanism of the occurrence and development of GBM. In order to further understand the role of different genes in the occurrence and development of GBM and to find new therapeutic targets, it is very important to develop reliable prognostic markers.

近年来，随着高通量测序技术在癌症领域的广泛应用，我们对GBM发生发展的机制有了更多的了解。为了进一步了解不同基因在GBM发生发展中的作用，寻找新的治疗靶点，开发可靠的预后标志物非常重要。

However, there are few reports about the relationship between NPC2 and the prognosis of GBM. Our study was designed to explore the role and prognostic value of NPC2 in the occurrence and development of GBM.The NPC2 gene has a long 13.5 kb, which consists of five exons and is located at position 24.3 on the long arm of human chromosome 14.

然而，关于NPC2与GBM预后关系的报道很少。本研究旨在探讨NPC2在GBM发生发展中的作用和预后价值。NPC2基因长13.5 kb，由5个外显子组成，位于人类14号染色体长臂24.3位。

Its coding protein NPC2 (NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2) is a protein coding gene containing a lipid recognition domain, which has been proved to play an important role in biological processes such as cholesterol.

。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets analyzed for this study can be found in the TCGA-glioma (http://www.cancer.gov/tcga), CGGA-glioma (http://www.cgga.org.cn/), GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), GTEx (https://gtexportal.org/home).

这项研究分析的数据集可以在TCGA胶质瘤中找到(http://www.cancer.gov/tcga)，CGGA神经胶质瘤(http://www.cgga.org.cn/)(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)，GTEx(https://gtexportal.org/home)。

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Download referencesFundingThis study was supported by Fujian provincial health technology project (No.2021CXA009) and Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Project (2023Y9316).Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, ChinaGuangwei Zheng, Guangming Zeng & De WeiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, ChinaGuangwei Zheng, Guangming Zeng & De WeiAuthorsGuangwei ZhengView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献资助本研究得到了福建省卫生技术项目（No.2021CXA009）和福建省科技创新联合项目（2023Y9316）的支持。作者信息作者和附属机构福建医科大学胜利临床医学院神经外科，福州，350001，中国郑光伟，曾光明和德伟福州大学附属省立医院神经外科，350001，中国郑光伟，曾光明和德伟作者郑光伟观点作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarGuangming ZengView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsZGW and ZGM is the co-first author. WD design of the work; ZGW acquisition analysis, WD interpretation ofdata; WD the creation of new software used in the work; ZGW, ZGM, and WD have drafted and guided the work or substantively revised it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsZGW和ZGM是联合第一作者。；ZGW采集分析，WD数据解释；WD创建工作中使用的新软件；ZGW，ZGM和WD起草并指导了这项工作或对其进行了实质性修改。所有作者都阅读并批准了最终稿件。对应作者对应。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleZheng, G., Zeng, G. & Wei, D. The role of NPC2 gene in glioma was investigated based on bioinformatics analysis.

转载和许可本文引用本文Zheng，G.，Zeng，G。＆Wei，D。基于生物信息学分析研究了NPC2基因在神经胶质瘤中的作用。

Sci Rep 14, 19134 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70221-zDownload citationReceived: 11 December 2023Accepted: 14 August 2024Published: 19 August 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70221-zShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Sci Rep 1419134（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70221-zDownload引文收到日期：2023年12月11日接受日期：2024年8月14日发布日期：2024年8月19日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70221-zShare本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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CNS cancerNeurological disordersNeurology

中枢神经系统癌症神经系统疾病

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