AbstractThe present study investigated the associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver and oxidative stress, and ALT/AST, a marker of fatty liver, with percentage trunk fat and postload glucose, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in middle-aged Japanese individuals, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m2.

摘要本研究调查了血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）（脂肪肝和氧化应激的标志物）和ALT/AST（脂肪肝的标志物）与躯干脂肪百分比和负荷后葡萄糖，胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的关系。中年日本人的BMI平均为23.0 kg/m2。

Pancreatic β-cell function was assessed using the disposition index calculated by a product of the insulinogenic index (IGI) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, a biomarker of early-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the disposition index was associated inversely with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, and Matsuda index.

使用由胰岛素生成指数（IGI）和松田胰岛素敏感性指数（Matsuda insulin sensitivity index）的乘积计算的处置指数评估胰腺β细胞功能，松田胰岛素敏感性指数是早期葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌和全身胰岛素敏感性的生物标志物。。

When IGI was included instead of the disposition index, IGI (inversely) and HOMA-IR were associated with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat and Matsuda index. When the area under the glucose concentration curve (AUCg) during an oral glucose tolerance test was included instead of the disposition index, AUCg and HOMA-IR emerged as independent determinants of GGT.

当包括IGI而不是处置指数时，IGI（相反）和HOMA-IR与GGT相关，而与躯干脂肪百分比和松田指数无关。当包括口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间葡萄糖浓度曲线下面积（AUCg）而不是处置指数时，AUCg和HOMA-IR成为GGT的独立决定因素。

ALT/AST was associated with HOMA-IR alone. Results suggest a different pathophysiologic basis between GGT and ALT/AST in predicting diabetic risk in non-obese Japanese..

ALT/AST仅与HOMA-IR相关。结果表明，GGT和ALT/AST在预测非肥胖日本人的糖尿病风险方面具有不同的病理生理基础。。

IntroductionType 2 diabetes is associated with obesity in Europe and North America and is characterized primarily by obesity-driven insulin resistance. However, lean type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in Japan where more than half of the patients with this condition are considered normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2)1,2.

引言2型糖尿病与欧洲和北美的肥胖有关，其主要特征是肥胖驱动的胰岛素抵抗。然而，瘦型2型糖尿病在日本非常普遍，超过一半的患有这种疾病的患者被认为是正常体重（BMI<25 kg/m2）1,2。

It is widely recognized that poor insulin secretion may be at play in the early natural history of type 2 diabetes in East Asians and insulin resistance may not be sufficient to explain the high prevalence of the disease3. For example, we demonstrated that middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes4 and those with slower glucose disposal during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)5 had reduced insulin secretion in the absence of insulin resistance.Subcutaneous fat, mainly located in gluteofemoral regions, can expand to store excess fatty acids in response to chronic positive energy balance.

人们普遍认为，东亚人2型糖尿病的早期自然史中可能存在胰岛素分泌不良，胰岛素抵抗可能不足以解释该疾病的高患病率3。例如，我们证明，在没有胰岛素抵抗的情况下，患有糖尿病前期的中年日本人4和在口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）5期间葡萄糖处理较慢的人5的胰岛素分泌减少。。

Asian populations may have a reduced ability to expand gluteofemoral fat mass6. It is proposed that increased free fatty acid (FFA) overflow from dysfunctional adipose tissue associated with impaired expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese people may lead to ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver and consequently to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)7.

亚洲人群扩大臀股脂肪量的能力可能降低6。有人提出，与非肥胖人群皮下脂肪组织扩张受损相关的功能失调脂肪组织中游离脂肪酸（FFA）溢出增加可能导致肝脏异位脂质积聚，从而导致非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）7。

Azuma et al.8 reported that hepatic fat content is higher among Japanese than non-Hispanic whites, despite a lower mean BMI in Japanese men, suggesting that fatty liver is a sensitive marker for the failure of the adipose tissue to expand to accommodate an increased energy influx.NAFLD is commonly revealed by elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in large epidemiological studies.

Azuma等[8]报道，尽管日本男性的平均BMI较低，但日本人的肝脏脂肪含量高于非西班牙裔白人，这表明脂肪肝是脂肪组织无法扩张以适应增加的能量流入的敏感标志。在大型流行病学研究中，NAFLD通常通过血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）的升高来揭示。

Many studies have shown associations of liver enzymes with type 2 diabete.

许多研究表明肝酶与2型糖尿病有关。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

本研究中使用和/或分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

ReferencesDel Prato, S. et al. Tailoring treatment to the individual in type 2 diabetes practical guidance from the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 64, 295–304 (2010).Article

。国际J.临床。实践。64295-304（2010）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tanaka, S., Honda, M., Wu, B. & Kazumi, T. Clinical features of normal weight Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who had formerly been obese. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 18, 115–121 (2011).Article

Tanaka，S.，Honda，M.，Wu，B。＆Kazumi，T。以前肥胖的正常体重日本2型糖尿病患者的临床特征。J、 动脉粥样硬化。血栓。18115-121（2011）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Yabe, D., Seino, Y., Fukushima, M. & Seino, S. β cell dysfunction versus insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Curr. Diab. Rep. 15, 602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0602-9 (2015).Article

Yabe，D.，Seino，Y.，Fukushima，M。＆Seino，S。β细胞功能障碍与东亚2型糖尿病发病机制中的胰岛素抵抗。货币。迪亚布。代表15，602。https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0602-9（2015年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tsuboi, A. et al. Higher circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care 8, e001392. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001392 (2020).Article

Tsuboi，A。等人。在患有糖尿病前期的中年日本人群中，高循环类口腔粘液（一种急性期蛋白）和葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌减少。BMJ Open Diabetes Res.Care 8，e001392。https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001392（2020年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tsuboi, A. et al. Higher circulating orosomucoid and lower early-phase insulin secretion in midlife Japanese with slower glucose disposal during oral glucose tolerance tests. Diabetol. Int. 11, 27–32 (2019).Article

Tsuboi，A。等人。在口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间，中年日本人的循环类口腔粘液含量较高，早期胰岛素分泌较低，葡萄糖处理较慢。糖尿病。内景11、27-32（2019）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Smith, U. & Kahn, B. B. Adipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity: Role of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and novel lipids. J. Intern. Med. 280, 465–475 (2016).Article

Smith，U.＆Kahn，B.B。脂肪组织调节胰岛素敏感性：脂肪生成，从头脂肪生成和新型脂质的作用。J、 实习生。医学280465-475（2016）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Azzu, V. et al. Adipose tissue-liver cross talk in the control of whole-body metabolism: Implications in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 158, 1899–1912 (2020).Article

Azzu，V。等人。脂肪组织-肝脏串扰在全身代谢控制中的作用：对非酒精性脂肪肝病的影响。胃肠病学。1581899-1912（2020）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Azuma, K. et al. Higher liver fat content among Japanese in Japan compared with non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Metabolism 58, 1200–1207 (2009).Article

与美国的非西班牙裔白人相比，日本日本人的肝脏脂肪含量更高。新陈代谢581200-1207（2009）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Nannipieri, M. et al. Liver enzymes, the metabolic syndrome, and incident diabetes: The Mexico City diabetes study. Diabetes Care 28, 1757–1762 (2005).Article

Nannipieri，M.等人，《肝酶、代谢综合征和糖尿病事件：墨西哥城糖尿病研究》。糖尿病护理281757-1762（2005）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Fraser, A. et al. Alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and incident diabetes: The British Women’s Heart and Health Study and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 32, 741–750 (2009).Article

Fraser，A.等人，《丙氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和糖尿病事件：英国女性心脏与健康研究和荟萃分析》。糖尿病护理。32741-750（2009）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Nguyen, Q. M. et al. Elevated liver function enzymes are related to the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in younger adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes Care 34, 2603–2607 (2011).Article

Nguyen，Q.M.等人。肝功能酶升高与年轻人糖尿病前期和2型糖尿病的发展有关：Bogalusa心脏研究。糖尿病护理342603-2607（2011）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Schneider, A. L. et al. Liver enzymes, race, gender and diabetes risk: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabet Med. 30, 926–933 (2013).Article

Schneider，A.L.等人，《肝酶、种族、性别和糖尿病风险：社区动脉粥样硬化风险（ARIC）研究》。糖尿病医学30926-933（2013）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Ko, S. H. et al. Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol. 21, 7478–7487 (2015).Article

。世界J胃肠病学。217478-7487（2015）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Doi, Y. et al. Liver enzymes as a predictor for incident diabetes in a Japanese population: The Hisayama study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15, 1841–1850 (2007).Article

Doi，Y.等人。肝酶作为日本人群糖尿病事件的预测指标：Hisayama研究。肥胖（银泉）151841-1850（2007）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sato, K. K. et al. Liver enzymes compared with alcohol consumption in predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes: The Kansai Healthcare Study. Diabetes Care 31, 1230–1236 (2008).Article

Sato，K.K.等人，《肝酶与饮酒在预测2型糖尿病风险方面的比较：关西医疗保健研究》。糖尿病护理311230-1236（2008）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kaneko, K. et al. Association of gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in middle-aged Japanese men: 12-year follow up. J. Diabetes Investig. 10, 837–845 (2019).Article

。J、 糖尿病调查。10837-845（2019）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Choi, S. H., Kim, B. T., Shin, J. & Kim, K. N. Combined effect of serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase on incidence of diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study. Medicine (Baltimore) 99, e18963. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018963 (2020).Article

Choi，S.H.，Kim，B.T.，Shin，J。＆Kim，K.N。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶对糖尿病发病率的联合作用：一项纵向研究。医学（巴尔的摩）99，e18963。https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018963（2020年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Hua, S. et al. Association of liver enzymes with incident diabetes in US Hispanic/Latino adults. Diabet Med. 38, e14522. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14522 (2021).Article

Hua，S.等人。美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人肝酶与糖尿病事件的关系。Diabet Med。38，e14522。https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14522（2021年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Brennan, P. N., Dillon, J. F. & Tapper, E. B. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT)—An old dog with new tricks?. Liver Int. 42, 9–15 (2022).Article

Brennan，P.N.，Dillon，J.F。＆Tapper，E.B。γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）-一只有新把戏的老狗？。《肝脏Int.42，9-15》（2022）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Oprescu, A. I. et al. Free fatty acid-induced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: Evidence for a role of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes 56, 2927–2937 (2007).Article

Oprescu，A.I.等人，《游离脂肪酸诱导的葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌减少：体内外氧化应激作用的证据》。糖尿病562927-2937（2007）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Lytrivi, M., Castell, A. L., Poitout, V. & Cnop, M. Recent insights into mechanisms of β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes. J. Mol. Biol. 432, 1514–1534 (2020).Article

Lytrivi，M.，Castell，A.L.，Poitout，V。＆Cnop，M。最近对2型糖尿病中β细胞脂毒性和糖脂毒性机制的见解。J、 分子生物学。4321514-1534（2020）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Minato-Inokawa, S. et al. Associations of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase with insulin resistance and β-cell function in women. Sci. Rep. 13, 7853. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35001-1 (2023).Article

Minato Inokawa，S.等人。女性丙氨酸转氨酶/天冬氨酸转氨酶与胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的关系。科学。。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35001-1（2023年）。文章

ADS

广告

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Wu, B. et al. Different associations of trunk and lower-body fat mass distribution with cardiometabolic risk factors between healthy middle-aged men and women. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2018, 1289485. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1289485 (2018).Article

Wu，B.等人。健康中年男性和女性躯干和下体脂肪量分布与心脏代谢危险因素的不同关联。。20181289485。https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1289485（2018年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tanaka, S. et al. Associations of lower-body fat mass with favorable profile of lipoproteins and adipokines in healthy, slim women in early adulthood. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 18, 365–372 (2011).Article

Tanaka，S.等人。成年早期健康苗条女性的低体脂肪量与脂蛋白和脂肪因子的有利特征的关联。J、 动脉粥样硬化。血栓。18365-372（2011）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kitaoka, K. et al. Increased adipose and muscle insulin sensitivity without changes in serum adiponectin in young female collegiate athletes. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 15, 246–251 (2017).Article

Kitaoka，K。等人在年轻女大学生运动员中增加脂肪和肌肉胰岛素敏感性而不改变血清脂联素。代谢。Syndr公司。相关。。15246-251（2017）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Matthews, D. R. et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28, 412–419 (1985).Article

Matthews，D.R.等人，《稳态模型评估：空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度对人体胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的影响》，《糖尿病学》28412-419（1985）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Matsuda, M. & DeFronzo, R. A. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: Comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care 22, 1462–1470 (1999).Article

Matsuda，M。＆DeFronzo，R.A。从口服葡萄糖耐量试验获得的胰岛素敏感性指数：与正常血糖胰岛素钳夹的比较。糖尿病护理221462-1470（1999）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tura, A., Kautzky-Willer, A. & Pacini, G. Insulinogenic indices from insulin and C-peptide: comparison of beta-cell function from OGTT and IVGTT. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 72, 298–301 (2006).Article

Tura，A.，Kautzky-Willer，A。＆Pacini，G。来自胰岛素和C肽的胰岛素生成指数：来自OGTT和IVGTT的β细胞功能的比较。糖尿病研究临床。实践。72298-301（2006）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Ohn, J. H. et al. 10-year trajectory of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes: A community-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 4, 27–34 (2016).Article

Ohn，J.H.等人，《2型糖尿病发展中β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性的10年轨迹：一项基于社区的前瞻性队列研究》。柳叶刀糖尿病内分泌。4,27-34（2016）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

American Diabetes Association 2. Diabetes Care. 41, S13-S27 (2018).Tsuboi, A. et al. Association of serum orosomucoid with 30-min plasma glucose and glucose excursion during oral glucose tolerance tests in non-obese young Japanese women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care 6, e000508. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000508 (2018).Article .

美国糖尿病协会2。糖尿病护理。41，S13-S27（2018）。Tsuboi，A。等人。非肥胖年轻日本女性口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间血清类口腔粘液与30分钟血糖和葡萄糖偏移的关系。BMJ Open Diabetes Res.Care 6，e000508。https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000508（2018年）。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Vella, C. A. et al. Associations of insulin resistance with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory cytokines in normal-weight Hispanic women. Diabetes Care 36, 1377–1383 (2013).Article

。糖尿病护理361377-1383（2013）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Honda, M. et al. Birth weight was associated positively with gluteofemoral fat mass and inversely with 2-h postglucose insulin concentrations, a marker of insulin resistance, in young normal-weight Japanese women. Diabetol Int. 13, 375–380 (2021).Article

本田，M。等人。在年轻的正常体重日本女性中，出生体重与臀股脂肪量呈正相关，与葡萄糖后2小时胰岛素浓度（胰岛素抵抗的标志物）呈负相关。Diabetol Int.13375–380（2021）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Honda, M. et al. Reduced gluteofemoral (subcutaneous) fat mass in young Japanese women with family history of type 2 diabetes: An exploratory analysis. Sci. Rep. 12, 12579. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16890-0 (2022).Article

本田，M。等人。有2型糖尿病家族史的日本年轻女性臀股（皮下）脂肪量减少：一项探索性分析。科学。代表12，12579。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16890-0（2022年）。文章

ADS

广告

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Wang, L. et al. New evidence for an association between liver enzymes and pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction in young obese patients. Endocrine 44, 688–695 (2013).Article

Wang，L.等人。年轻肥胖患者肝酶与胰岛β细胞功能障碍之间关系的新证据。内分泌44688-695（2013）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Smith, U. Abdominal obesity: a marker of ectopic fat accumulation. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 1790–1792 (2015).Article

Smith，U。腹部肥胖：异位脂肪堆积的标志。J、 临床。。1251790-1792（2015）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe are indebted to all the participants for their dedicated and conscientious collaboration.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsResearch Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, JapanSatomi Minato-Inokawa, Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji, Mika Takeuchi, Kaori Kitaoka, Miki Kurata, Tsutomu Kazumi & Keisuke FukuoLaboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, JapanSatomi Minato-InokawaDepartment of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanSatomi Minato-InokawaDepartment of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, JapanAyaka Tsuboi-KajiOpen Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, JapanMari Honda, Bin Wu, Tsutomu Kazumi & Keisuke FukuoDepartment of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanMari HondaDepartment of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, JapanKaori KitaokaDepartment of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, JapanMiki Kurata & Keisuke FukuoDepartment of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaBin WuDepartment of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, JapanTsutomu KazumiAuthorsSatomi Minato-InokawaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢所有参与者的敬业和认真合作。作者信息作者和所属机构木川女子大学营养科学研究所，6-46，池滨町，西宫，兵库，663-8558，日本小川町，小川町，小川町，武内町，北冈高丽，黑田三木，小川町和福岛社区健康与营养实验室，爱媛大学农业研究生院生物科学系，松山，爱媛，日本爱媛町町川町医学与公共卫生研究生院药物流行病学系，京都大学日本京都，日本东京，大阪市Juso医院营养科，大阪，日本株式会社KajiOpen生活方式相关疾病研究中心，木川女子大学，西宫，兵库，日本马里-本田，吴斌，日本神户女子大学健康与福利学院健康，体育与营养系，日本神户女子大学，神户，兵库，日本马里-本田高级流行病学系，滋贺医科大学非传染性疾病（NCD）流行病学研究中心，大津，滋贺，日本北川木川女子大学食品科学与营养系，西宫，兵库，日本三木黑田和福田敬介昆明医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科，云南昆明，中国吴斌昆明医科大学第一附属医院医学系，日本兵库县Kakogawa Kohan Kakogawa医院，Kakogawa，JapanTsutomu KazumiAuthorsSatomi Minato Inokawiew作者出版物您也可以在中搜索该作者。

PubMed Google ScholarAyaka Tsuboi-KajiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarAyaka Tsuboi KajiView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMari HondaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌ScholarMari HondaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMika TakeuchiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarMika TakeuchiView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarKaori KitaokaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarKaori Kitaokakaview作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMiki KurataView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google Scholarmaki KurataView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarBin WuView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarBin WuView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarTsutomu KazumiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarTsutomu KazumiView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarKeisuke FukuoView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌ScholarKeisuke FukuoView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsSMI, ATK, MH and MT collected data and prepared figures. KK, MY, MK and BW analyzed data and prepared tables. TK wrote the manuscript, and KF reviewed and edited it. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published. TK supervised the study, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsSMI，ATK，MH和MT收集了数据并准备了数字。KK，MY，MK和BW分析了数据并准备了表格。TK撰写了手稿，KF对其进行了审查和编辑。所有作者都批准了手稿的最终版本。。

All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

所有作者都审阅了手稿。对应作者对应。

Tsutomu Kazumi.Ethics declarations

津津和美。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

。

Additional informationPublisher's noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary InformationSupplementary Tables.Rights and permissions

Additional informationPublisher的noteSpringer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息补充表。权限和权限

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material.

开放获取本文是根据知识共享署名非商业性NoDerivatives 4.0国际许可证授权的，该许可证允许以任何媒介或格式进行任何非商业性使用，共享，分发和复制，只要您对原始作者和来源给予适当的信任，提供知识共享许可证的链接，并指出您是否修改了许可材料。

You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

根据本许可证，您无权共享源自本文或其部分的改编材料。本文中的图像或其他第三方材料包含在文章的知识共享许可证中，除非该材料的信用额度中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可证中，并且您的预期用途未被法律法规允许或超出允许的用途，则您需要直接获得版权所有者的许可。

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/..

要查看此许可证的副本，请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/..

Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleMinato-Inokawa, S., Tsuboi-Kaji, A., Honda, M. et al. The different associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase with insulin secretion, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese.

。

Sci Rep 14, 19234 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5Download citationReceived: 18 September 2023Accepted: 16 August 2024Published: 20 August 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

科学报告1419234（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5Download引文接收日期：2023年9月18日接收日期：2024年8月16日发布日期：2024年8月20日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供

KeywordsGamma-glutamyl transferaseALT/AST glucose-stimulated insulin secretionInsulin resistanceβ-cell functionJapanese people

关键词γ-谷氨酰转移酶ALT/AST葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌胰岛素抵抗β细胞功能日本人

Subjects

主题

EndocrinologyMedical research

内分泌医学研究

CommentsBy submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

。如果您发现有虐待行为或不符合我们的条款或准则，请将其标记为不合适。