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register hereAs an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation.

胰岛移植作为糖尿病的有效治疗方法，近年来引起了人们的极大关注和研究。然而，免疫排斥反应和免疫抑制药物的毒性仍然是影响胰岛移植成功的关键因素。虽然免疫抑制剂对于减少免疫排斥反应至关重要，可以显着提高胰岛移植的存活率，但不正确使用这些药物会显着增加移植后的死亡率。

Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand for organ transplants, making xenotransplantation a crucial method for addressing organ shortages. This review will cover the following three aspects: 1) the immune responses occurring during allogeneic islet transplantation, including three stages: inflammation and IBMIR, allogeneic immune response, and autoimmune recurrence; 2) commonly used immunosuppressants in allogeneic islet transplantation, including calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, glucocorticoids, and Bortezomib; and 3) early and late immune responses in xenogeneic islet transplantation and the immune effects of triple therapy (ECDI-fixed donor spleen cells (ECDI-SP) + anti-CD20 + Sirolimus) on xenotransplantation..

此外，目前胰岛器官捐赠的可用性无法满足器官移植的需求，这使得异种移植成为解决器官短缺的关键方法。本综述将涵盖以下三个方面：1）同种异体胰岛移植过程中发生的免疫反应，包括三个阶段：炎症和IBMIR，同种异体免疫反应和自身免疫复发；2） 异基因胰岛移植中常用的免疫抑制剂，包括钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂（环孢素A，他克莫司），霉酚酸酯，糖皮质激素和硼替佐米；3）异种胰岛移植的早期和晚期免疫反应以及三联疗法（ECDI固定供体脾细胞（ECDI-SP）+抗CD20+西罗莫司）对异种移植的免疫作用。。