AbstractBackgroundThe effect of early parenteral nutrition (EPN) therapy on brain development in extremely premature infants at a gestational age (GA) of 22–25 weeks remains unknown.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effect of EPN therapy on GA 22 to 25 weeks of gestation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) global brain abnormality score (GBAS).SubjectsForty-six preterm infants born before 26 weeks of gestation were divided into the GA 22–23 weeks (GA 22–23; n = 18) and GA 24–25 weeks (GA 24–25; n = 28) group.MethodsEach infant received ≥3.0 g/kg/day of amino acids from day 1 of life and ≥1.0 g/kg/day of lipid emulsion the next day.

摘要背景早期肠外营养（EPN）治疗对胎龄（GA）为22-25周的极早产儿大脑发育的影响尚不清楚。目的本研究使用磁共振成像（MRI）全球脑异常评分（GBAS）研究了EPN治疗对妊娠22至25周GA的影响。受试者将妊娠26周前出生的46名早产儿分为GA 22-23周（GA 22-23；n=18）和GA 24-25周（GA 24-25；n=28）组。方法每名婴儿从出生后第1天开始接受≥3.0 g/kg/天的氨基酸，第二天接受≥1.0 g/kg/天的脂质乳剂。

Weight change during hospitalization, GBAS at discharge, and developmental quotient (DQ) until three years old were compared between the groups.ResultsGA 22–23 showed long-term postnatal weight loss, but weight at 41 weeks of postmenstrual age did not differ between the groups. The GBAS score was not significantly different, but the head circumference was smaller in GA 22–23 than in GA 24–25 until 2 years old.

比较两组之间住院期间的体重变化，出院时的GBAS和直到三岁的发育商（DQ）。结果GA 22-23显示出生后体重长期下降，但经后41周的体重在两组之间没有差异。GBAS评分没有显着差异，但在2岁之前，GA 22-23的头围小于GA 24-25。

The DQ at 1–1.5 years old was lower in GA 22–23 than that of GA 24–25; however, there was no significant difference in DQ after 2 years old between the groups.ConclusionsThe effect of nutritional support with EPN therapy in premature neonates born at <24 weeks of gestation may still be inadequate. GBAS is useful for assessing brain development in very preterm infants, and the importance of nutritional support during the first few weeks of life should continue to be explored..

GA 22-23在1-1.5岁时的DQ低于GA 24-25；然而，两组之间2岁后的DQ没有显着差异。结论EPN治疗对妊娠24周以下早产儿的营养支持效果可能仍然不足。GBAS可用于评估早产儿的大脑发育，应继续探索生命最初几周营养支持的重要性。。

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

这是订阅内容的预览，可通过您的机构访问

Access options

访问选项

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Change institution

变革机构

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

Subscribe to this journalReceive 12 print issues and online access251,40 € per yearonly 20,95 € per issueLearn moreBuy this articlePurchase on SpringerLinkInstant access to full article PDFBuy nowPrices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

订阅本期刊每年可收到12期印刷版和在线访问251,40欧元每期仅20,95欧元了解更多在SpringerLink上购买本文立即访问全文PDFBuy NOW价格可能需要缴纳结帐时计算的当地税费

Additional access options:

其他访问选项：

Log in

登录

Learn about institutional subscriptions

了解机构订阅

Read our FAQs

阅读我们的常见问题

Contact customer support

联系客户支持

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the measurement details of the brain regions.Fig. 2: Changes in the Z score of the body weight during the course of hospitalization.

图1：大脑区域测量细节的示意图。图2：住院期间体重Z评分的变化。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets generated and analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

本研究中生成和分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

ReferencesWhitfield JM, Hendrikson H. Prevention of protein deprivation in the extremely low birth weight infant: a nutritional emergency. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 2006;19:229–31.Article

参考文献Whitfield JM，Hendrikson H.预防极低出生体重婴儿的蛋白质剥夺：营养紧急情况。贝勒大学医学中心学报。2006年；19：

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Thureen PJ, Hay WW Jr. Early aggressive nutrition in preterm infants. Semin Neonatol. 2001;6:403–15.Article

Thureen PJ，Hay WW Jr.早产儿的早期积极营养。Semin新生儿。2001年；6： 403-15.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Su BH. Optimizing nutrition in preterm infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2014;55:5–13.Article

优化早产儿的营养。儿科新生儿。2014年；55:5–13.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Wilson DC, Cairns P, Halliday HL, Reid M, McClure G, Dodge JA. Randomised controlled trial of an aggressive nutritional regimen in sick very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77:F4–F11.Article

威尔逊DC，凯恩斯P，哈利迪HL，里德M，麦克卢尔G，道奇JA。对患病的极低出生体重婴儿进行积极营养方案的随机对照试验。Arch Dis儿童胎儿新生儿版1997；77:F4–F11.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Yu VY, James B, Hendry P, MacMahon RA. Total parenteral nutrition in very low birthweight infants: a controlled trial. Arch Dis Child. 1979;54:653–61.Article

余维，詹姆斯B，亨德利P，麦克马洪RA。极低出生体重儿的全胃肠外营养：一项对照试验。Arch Dis儿童。；54:653–61.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Dinerstein A, Nieto RM, Solana CL, Perez GP, Otheguy LE, Larguia AM. Early and aggressive nutritional strategy (parenteral and enteral) decreases postnatal growth failure in very low birth weight infants. J Perinato. 2006;26:436–42.Article

Dinerstein A，Nieto RM，Solana CL，Perez GP，Otheguy LE，Larguia AM。早期和积极的营养策略（肠胃外和肠内）可减少极低出生体重婴儿的出生后生长衰竭。J佩里纳托。2006年；26:436–42.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Maggio L, Cota F, Gallini F, Lauriola V, Zecca C, Romagnoli C. Effects of high versus standard early protein intake on growth of extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:124–9.Article

Maggio L，Cota F，Gallini F，Lauriola V，Zecca C，Romagnoli C.高与标准早期蛋白质摄入对极低出生体重婴儿生长的影响。儿科胃肠营养杂志。2007年；44:124–9.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kidokoro H, Neil JJ, Inder TE. New MR imaging assessment tool to define brain abnormalities in very preterm infants at term. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34:2208–14.Article

Kidokoro H，Neil JJ，Inder TE。新的MR成像评估工具，用于定义足月早产儿的大脑异常。AJNR Am J神经放射学。2013年；34:2208–14.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Blanc WA. Pathology of the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord in bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in man. Monographs in pathology. 1981;22:67–132.

布兰科·瓦。人类细菌、真菌和病毒感染中胎盘、膜和脐带的病理学。病理学专著。；22:67-132。

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Enjoji M, Yanai N. Analytic test for development in infancy and childhood. Pediatr Int. 1961;4:2–6.Article

Enjoji M，Yanai N.婴儿期和儿童期发育的分析测试。儿科国际1961；4： 2-6.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Walsh MC, Kliegman RM. Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986;33:179–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34975-6.Article

Walsh MC，Kliegman RM。坏死性小肠结肠炎：基于分期标准的治疗。Pediatr Clin North Am。1986；33:179年至201年。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955（16） 34975-6.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr. 1978;92:529–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80282-0Article

Papile LA，Burstein J，Burstein R，Koffler H.室管膜下和脑室内出血的发生率和演变：出生体重小于1500克的婴儿的研究。儿科杂志。；92:529-34。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476（78）80282-0文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:991–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.123.7.991.Article

国际早产儿视网膜病变分类委员会。重新审视早产儿视网膜病变的国际分类。。2005年；123:991-9。https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.123.7.991.Article

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Clark RH, Thomas P, Peabody J. Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates. Pediatrics. 2003;111:986–90.Article

Clark RH，Thomas P，Peabody J.宫外生长受限仍然是早产新生儿的严重问题。儿科。2003年；111:986–90.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Thureen PJ. Early aggressive nutrition in very preterm infants. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2007;59:193–208.PubMed

Thureen PJ。早产儿早期积极营养。雀巢Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr项目。2007年；59:193-208.PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Steward DK, Pridham KF. Growth patterns of extremely low-birth-weight hospitalized preterm infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2002;31:57–65.Article

斯图尔特DK，普里达姆KF。。J Obstet Gynecol新生儿护理。2002年；31:57–65.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sakurai M, Itabashi K, Sato Y, Hibino S, Mizuno K. Extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants of gestational age < or =32 weeks. Pediatr Int. 2008;50:70–75.Article

Sakurai M，Itabashi K，Sato Y，Hibino S，Mizuno K.胎龄小于或=32周的早产儿的宫外生长受限。儿科国际2008；50:70–75.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Moyses HE, Johnson MJ, Leaf AA, Cornelius VR. Early parenteral nutrition and growth outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97:816–26.Article

莫伊斯·贺（Moyses HE），约翰逊·杰克逊（Johnson MJ），叶AA（Leaf AA），科尼利厄斯（Cornelius VR）。早产儿早期肠外营养和生长结局：系统评价和荟萃分析。我是J临床营养学。2013年；97:816–26.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Radmacher PG, Looney SW, Rafail ST, Adamkin DH. Prediction of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in VVLBW infants. J Perinatol. 2003;23:392–5.Article

拉德马赫PG，鲁尼SW，拉菲尔ST，阿达姆金DH。VVLBW婴儿宫外发育迟缓（EUGR）的预测。J Perinatol。2003年；23:392–5.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Choi AY, Lee YW, Chang MY. Modification of nutrition strategy for improvement of postnatal growth in very low birth weight infants. Korean J Pediatr. 2016;59:165–73. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.4.165.Article

崔毅，李玉华，张美。改进营养策略以改善极低出生体重儿的出生后生长。韩国J儿科。2016年；59:165-73。https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.4.165.Article

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Loui A, Tsalikaki E, Maier K, Walch E, Kamarianakis Y, Obladen M. Growth in high risk infants <1500 g birthweight during the first 5 weeks. Early Hum Dev. 2008;84:645–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.04.005Article

Loui A，Tsalikaki E，Maier K，Walch E，Kamarianakis Y，Obladen M.前5周出生体重小于1500克的高危婴儿的生长。早期嗡嗡声发展2008；84:645-50。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.04.005Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kalikkot Thekkeveedu R, Guaman MC, Shivanna B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Respir Med. 2017;132:170–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.014.Article

Kalikkot-Thekkevedu R，Guaman MC，Shivanna B.支气管肺发育不良：发病机制和病理生理学综述。呼吸医学2017；132:170–7。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.014.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Wemhöner A, Ortner D, Tschirch E, Strasak A, Rüdiger M. Nutrition of preterm infants in relation to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. BMC Pulm Med. 2011;11:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-11-7.Article

。BMC Pulm Med。2011；11： 七。https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-11-7.Article

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

New K, Flint A, Bogossian F, East C, Davies MW. Transferring preterm infants from incubators to open cots at 1600 g: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97:F88–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.213587.Article

New K，Flint A，Bogossian F，East C，Davies MW。将早产儿从培养箱转移到1600克的开放式婴儿床：一项多中心随机对照试验。Arch Dis儿童胎儿新生儿版2012；97：F88–92。https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.213587.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Shankaran S, Bell EF, Laptook AR, Saha S, Newman NS, Kazzi SNJ, et al. Weaning of moderately preterm infants from the incubator to the crib: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr. 2019;204:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.079.Article

Shankaran S，Bell EF，Laptake AR，Saha S，Newman NS，Kazzi SNJ等。中度早产儿从培养箱到婴儿床的断奶：一项随机临床试验。儿科杂志。2019年；204:96-102。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.079.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Cristofalo EA, Schanler RJ, Blanco CL, Sullivan S, Trawoeger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, et al. Randomized trial of exclusive human milk versus preterm formula diets in extremely premature infants. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1592–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.011.Article

Cristofalo EA、Schanler RJ、Blanco CL、Sullivan S、Trawoeger R、Kiechl Kohlendorfer U等人。极早产儿专用母乳与早产儿配方饮食的随机试验。儿科杂志。2013年；。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.011.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Brown JVE, Walsh V, McGuire W. Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;8:CD002972. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002972.pub3.Article

Brown JVE，Walsh V，McGuire W.配方奶与母乳喂养早产儿或低出生体重儿的比较。Cochrane数据库系统修订版2019；8： CD002972。https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002972.pub3.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Stephens BE, Walden RV, Gargus RA, Tucker R, McKinley L, Mance M, et al. First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2009;123:1337–43. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0211.Article

Stephens BE，Walden RV，Gargus RA，Tucker R，McKinley L，Mance M等。极低出生体重儿的第一周蛋白质和能量摄入与18个月的发育结局有关。儿科。2009年；123:1337-43年。https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0211.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Ohnishi S, Ichiba H, Tanaka Y, Harada S, Matsumura H, Kan A, et al. Early and intensive nutritional strategy combining parenteral and enteral feeding promotes neurodevelopment and growth at 18 months of corrected age and 3 years of age in extremely low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev.

Ohnishi S，Ichiba H，Tanaka Y，Harada S，Matsumura H，Kan A等。早期强化营养策略结合肠外和肠内喂养可促进极低出生体重儿在18个月矫正年龄和3岁时的神经发育和生长。早期嗡嗡声开发。

2016;100:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.03.014.Article .

2016;100:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.03.014.Article .

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Ernst KD, Radmacher PG, Rafail ST, Adamkin DH. Postnatal malnutrition of extremely low birth-weight infants with catch-up growth post discharge. J Perinatol. 2003;23:477–82.Article

恩斯特KD，拉德马赫PG，拉菲尔ST，阿达姆金DH。极低出生体重儿出院后追赶性生长的产后营养不良。围产期杂志。2003年；23:477–82.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Embleton NE, Pang N, Cooke RJ. Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation: an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterm infants? Pediatrics. 2001;107:270–3.Article

Embleton NE，Pang N，Cooke RJ。产后营养不良和生长迟缓：当前早产儿建议的必然后果？儿科。2001年；107:270–3.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Balakrishnan M, Tucker R, Stephens BE, Bliss JM. Blood urea nitrogen and serum bicarbonate in extremely low birth weight infants receiving higher protein intake in the first week after birth. J Perinatol. 2011;31:535–9.Article

Balakrishnan M，Tucker R，Stephens BE，Bliss JM。极低出生体重儿出生后第一周接受较高蛋白质摄入的血尿素氮和血清碳酸氢盐。J Perinatol。2011年；31:535–9.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Radmacher PG, Lewis SL, Adamkin DH. Early amino acids and the metabolic response of ELBW infants (< or = 1000 g) in three time periods. J Perinatol. 2009;29:433–7.Article

拉德马赫PG，刘易斯SL，阿达姆金DH。。J Perinatol。2009年；29:433–7.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Imai K, Hara H, Sawada T, Wada M. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of infants with punctate white matter lesions and/or cystic lesions. Neuropediatrics. 2023;54:6–13. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759789.Article

Imai K，Hara H，Sawada T，Wada M.点状白质病变和/或囊性病变婴儿临床特征的比较。神经儿科。2023年；54:6-13。https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759789.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Resch B, Vollaard E, Maurer U, Haas J, Rosegger H, Müller W. Risk factors and determinants of neurodevelopmental outcome in cystic periventricular leucomalacia. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159:663–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008403.Article

Resch B，Vollaard E，Maurer U，Haas J，Rosegger H，Müller W.囊性脑室周围白质软化症神经发育结局的危险因素和决定因素。欧洲儿科杂志。2000年；159:663-70。https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008403.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Abiramalatha T, Bandyopadhyay T, Ramaswamy VV, Shaik NB, Thanigainathan S, Pullattayil AK, et al. Risk factors for periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE-based assessment of certainty of evidence. Pediatr Neurol. 2021;124:51–71.

Abiramalatha T，Bandyopadhyay T，Ramaswamy VV，Shaik NB，Thanigainathan S，Pullattayil AK等。早产儿脑室周围白质软化的危险因素：系统评价，荟萃分析和基于等级的证据确定性评估。儿科神经病学。；124:51-71。

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.003.Article .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.003.Article.

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Lencki SG, Maciulla MB, Eglinton GS. Maternal and umbilical cord serum interleukin levels in preterm labor with clinical chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:1345–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70154-7.Article

Lencki SG，Maciulla MB，Eglinton GS。临床绒毛膜羊膜炎早产孕妇和脐带血清白细胞介素水平。我是妇产科医生。1994年；170:1345-51。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Parodi A, Malova M, Cardiello V, Raffa S, Re M, Calevo MG, et al. Punctate white matter lesions of preterm infants: Risk factor analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2019;23:733–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.06.003.Article

Parodi A，Malova M，Cardiello V，Raffa S，Re M，Calevo MG等。早产儿点状白质病变：危险因素分析。Eur J儿科神经病学。2019年；23:733-9。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.06.003.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kinney HC. The near-term (late preterm) human brain and risk for periventricular leukomalacia: a review. Semin Perinatol. 2006;30:81–8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2006.02.006.Article

金尼HC。近期（晚期早产）人脑与脑室周围白质软化的风险：综述。Semin Perinatol。2006年；30:81-8。https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2006.02.006.Article

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe thank the faculty, staff, and all the participants in this study for their support.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsMaternity and Perinatal Care Center, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, JapanMayumi Tsukayama, Hideki Goya & Tomohide YoshidaDepartment of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, JapanMayumi Tsukayama, Haruna Azuma, Itsuki Oshiro, Tomohide Yoshida & Koichi NakanishiAuthorsMayumi TsukayamaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢教职员工和本研究的所有参与者的支持。作者信息作者和所属机构琉球大学附属医院青少年与围产期保健中心，冲绳，日本小山，高屋秀姬&吉田儿童健康与福利部（儿科），琉球大学医学研究生院，冲绳，日本小山，阿祖玛，大岛义树，吉田友和中山光一作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarHaruna AzumaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarHaruna AzumaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarItsuki OshiroView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarItsuki OshiroView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarHideki GoyaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarHideki GoyaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarTomohide YoshidaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarTomohide YoshidaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarKoichi NakanishiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarKoichi NakanishiView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsMayumi Tsukayama, Data curation, Writing–original draft preparation. Haruna Azuma and Itsuki Oshiro contributed equally to the data curation and wrote the original draft preparation. Tomohide Yoshida: Conceptualization, methodology, writing (reviewing and editing), visualization, and investigation.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献Mayumi Tsukayama，数据管理，写作-原始草案准备。Haruna Azuma和Itsuki Oshiro对数据管理做出了同样的贡献，并撰写了原始草案。吉田：概念化，方法论，写作（评论和编辑），可视化和调查。

Hideki Goya: Supervision and Reviewing. Koichi Nakanishi: Supervision. Reviewing and editing. Final approval of the submitted version.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

Hideki Goya：监督和审查。中山光一：监督。审阅和编辑。提交版本的最终批准。对应作者对应。

Tomohide Yoshida.Ethics declarations

Tomohide吉田。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethics approval

道德认可

This retrospective cohort study was conducted with the approval of the institutional ethics committee of the University of the Ryukyus (No. 1725). Consent of subjects was obtained by opting out to their parents.

这项回顾性队列研究是在琉球大学机构伦理委员会（第1725号）的批准下进行的。通过选择父母获得受试者的同意。

Additional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary informationFigure A1Figure A1 legendsTables A1Table A2Rights and permissionsSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleTsukayama, M., Azuma, H., Oshiro, I.

Additional informationPublisher的注释Springer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息图A1图A1 legendsTables A1表A2权利和许可Pringer Nature或其许可人（例如社会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有人的出版协议对本文拥有独家权利；本文接受稿件版本的作者自行存档仅受此类出版协议和适用法律的条款管辖。转载和许可本文引用本文Tsukayama，M.，Azuma，H.，Oshiro，I。

et al. Effects of early parenteral nutrition on the development of premature infants born at 22–23 weeks of gestation: a retrospective cohort study evaluated by brain magnetic resonance imaging..

等。早期肠外营养对妊娠22-23周出生的早产儿发育的影响：一项通过脑磁共振成像评估的回顾性队列研究。。

Eur J Clin Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01504-xDownload citationReceived: 13 February 2024Revised: 24 August 2024Accepted: 28 August 2024Published: 10 September 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01504-xShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Eur J Clin Nutr（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01504-xDownload引文收到日期：2024年2月13日修订日期：2024年8月24日接受日期：2024年8月28日发布日期：2024年9月10日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01504-xShare本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供