AbstractConventional diastolic dysfunction parameters seem to be imperfect when applied to the pediatric cardiomyopathy population. The aim of this pilot study was to search for novel echocardiographic parameters associated with adverse outcomes in children with the most common cardiomyopathies. Fifty-six patients with pediatric cardiomyopathies (28 with dilated, 21 with hypertrophic, 7 with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy) and 28 healthy subjects were included in the study.

摘要当应用于小儿心肌病人群时，传统的舒张功能障碍参数似乎并不完美。这项初步研究的目的是寻找与最常见心肌病儿童不良结局相关的新型超声心动图参数。。

Left atrial reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd) and contraction (LASct) strain, left atrial stiffness index (LASI), as well as conventional diastolic dysfunction parameters were measured using echocardiography. Adverse outcomes were defined as heart failure (including heart transplant) and arrhythmic endpoints.

使用超声心动图测量左心房储库（LASr），导管（LAScd）和收缩（LASct）应变，左心房僵硬度指数（LASI）以及常规舒张功能障碍参数。不良结局定义为心力衰竭（包括心脏移植）和心律失常终点。

Patients with adverse outcomes presented with significantly lower LASr (16.68% ± 8.64% vs. 33.97% ± 9.99%, p-value < 0.001), lower LAScd (− 10.37% ± 5.83% vs. − 25.50% ± 9.24%, p-value < 0.001) and higher values of LASI (0.69 [IQR 0.34; 1.11] vs. 0.21 [IQR 0.16; 0.31], p-value < 0.001). LASr < 20%, LAScd ≥ − 12%, and LASI ≥ 0.26 were all associated with reduced survival.

不良结局患者的LASr明显较低（16.68%±8.64%对33.97%±9.99%，测量的p值<0.001），LAScd较低（-10.37%测量的5.83%对-25.50%±9.24%，测量的p-value<0.001）和LASI值较高（0.69[IQR 0.34；1.11]对0.21[IQR 0.16；0.31]，LASI测量的p-values p值为0.69[IQ 0.34；1.1]对0.21-[IQR 0.19；0.31]<0.001）。LASr≥20%、LAScd≥12%和LASI≥0.26均与生存率降低有关。

LASr, LAScd and LASI seem to be promising parameters in predicting adverse outcomes in the most common pediatric cardiomyopathies. Left atrial strain parameters and LASI are helpful in differentiating healthy control subjects from children with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies..

LASr，LAScd和LASI似乎是预测最常见的小儿心肌病不良结局的有希望的参数。左心房应变参数和LASI有助于区分健康对照组和肥厚型和扩张型心肌病患儿。。

IntroductionConventional echocardiographic ventricular diastolic dysfunction assessment is not perfect in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathies due to variability of the measured parameters with age, difficulty in discriminating cardiomyopathy patients from healthy subjects as well as poor interobserver agreement1.

引言由于测量参数随年龄的变化，难以区分心肌病患者和健康受试者以及观察者之间的一致性差，常规超声心动图心室舒张功能障碍评估在小儿心肌病患者中并不完美1。

Furthermore, some diastolic function parameters may lengthen or shorten depending on the severity of the ventricular stiffness. For instance, mitral valve deceleration time may lengthen in the early diastolic dysfunction stages but shorten with the progression of the disease. Thus, the search for new, easily obtainable, and more objective parameters is necessary in the pediatric population.Left atrial strain has recently received attention in adult studies on various cardiomyopathy types2,3,4,5,6,7.

此外，一些舒张功能参数可能会根据心室僵硬度的严重程度而延长或缩短。例如，二尖瓣减速时间可能在舒张早期功能障碍阶段延长，但随着疾病的进展而缩短。因此，在儿科人群中寻找新的，易于获得的，更客观的参数是必要的。。

Left atrial strain measurements reflect both the systolic and diastolic function of the ventricle, while being influenced by the ventricle’s contractility, relaxation, compliance, and intra-ventricular pressures. Atrial filling and emptying abnormalities are dependent on the ventricular conditions. Atrial wall deformation measured by strain may be more accurate in describing ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the pediatric population compared to conventionally measured inflow and annular movement velocities, especially when taking into account the variability of the latter with age.Because left atrial strain is an easily obtainable and reproducible parameter helpful in outlining adult cardiomyopathy patients at greatest cardiovascular risk, it appears to be worthy of attention also in children8,9.

左心房应变测量反映了心室的收缩和舒张功能，同时受到心室收缩力，松弛，顺应性和心室内压的影响。心房充盈和排空异常取决于心室状况。与常规测量的流入和环状运动速度相比，通过应变测量的心房壁变形可能更准确地描述儿科人群的心室舒张功能障碍，特别是考虑到后者随年龄的变化时。由于左心房应变是一个容易获得且可重复的参数，有助于概述心血管风险最大的成人心肌病患者，因此似乎也值得儿童关注8,9。

There are scarce studies concerning left atrial strain in pediatric cardiomyopathies10,11,12. To our knowledge, no studies concerning the association between left a.

关于小儿心肌病左心房应变的研究很少[10,11,12]。据我们所知，没有关于左a之间关联的研究。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

本研究期间分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesFundingPart of the research was funded by the Medical University of Warsaw, grant number 2M6/1/M/MB/N/20.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, PolandKatarzyna Łuczak-WoźniakDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Jozef Polikarp Brudzinski Public Pediatric Hospital, 02-091, Warsaw, PolandCezary Niszczota & Klaudia ObsznajczykDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, PolandBożena WernerAuthorsKatarzyna Łuczak-WoźniakView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献资助部分研究由华沙医科大学资助，资助号为2M6/1/M/MB/N/20。作者信息作者和附属机构华沙医科大学博士生院儿科心脏病学和普通儿科，02-091，华沙，PolandKatarzynaŁuczak WoźniakDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics，Jozef Polikarp Brudzinski Public Pediatric Hospital，02-091，华沙，PolandCezary Niszczota&Klaudia Obsznajczykyk儿科心脏病学和普通儿科Trics，华沙医科大学，02-091，华沙，PolandBożena WernerAuthorsKatarzynaŁuczak WoźniakView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarCezary NiszczotaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学术期刊NiszczotaView作者出版物您也可以在

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsKLW, BW conceived the experiment; KLW, CN, KO conducted the experiment; KLW analyzed the results and wrote the original manuscript. BW supervised the work on the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsKLW，BW构思了这个实验；KLW，CN，KO进行了实验；KLW分析了结果并撰写了原始手稿。BW监督了手稿的工作。所有作者都审阅了手稿。对应作者对应。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleŁuczak-Woźniak, K., Niszczota, C., Obsznajczyk, K. et al. Abnormal left atrial strain and left atrial stiffness index are associated with adverse outcomes in children with cardiomyopathies: a pilot study.

转载和许可本文引用本文Łuczak Woźniak，K.，Niszczota，C.，Obsznajczyk，K。等人。异常左心房应变和左心房僵硬指数与心肌病儿童的不良后果相关：一项初步研究。

Sci Rep 14, 21059 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72175-8Download citationReceived: 04 December 2023Accepted: 04 September 2024Published: 10 September 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72175-8Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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