AbstractThe Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) assesses visceral fat and related metabolic risks. However, its precise correlation with sarcopenia is unclear. This study aimed to examine this correlation. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using NHANES data from 2011 to 2018. To correct VAI skewness, a logarithmic transformation was applied.

摘要内脏肥胖指数（VAI）评估内脏脂肪和相关代谢风险。然而，其与肌肉减少症的确切相关性尚不清楚。这项研究旨在检验这种相关性。使用2011年至2018年的NHANES数据进行了横断面分析。为了校正VAI偏度，应用了对数变换。

Multiple covariates were included, and logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between VAI and sarcopenia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and threshold saturation analyses were used to investigate the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses evaluated the effects of various stratification factors.

包括多个协变量，并采用logistic回归探讨VAI与肌肉减少症之间的关系。使用限制三次样条（RCS）和阈值饱和分析来研究非线性关系。亚组分析评估了各种分层因素的影响。

Sensitivity and additive analyses tested the robustness of the findings. The study included 4688 individuals. Participants with sarcopenia had significantly higher VAI values. Logistic regression revealed a significant positive connection between Log VAI and sarcopenia (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.80–2.43) after adjusting for variables.

敏感性和加性分析测试了研究结果的稳健性。这项研究包括4688个人。肌肉减少症患者的VAI值明显较高。Logistic回归显示，在调整变量后，Log VAI与肌肉减少症之间存在显着的正相关（OR 2.09，95%CI 1.80-2.43）。

RCS analysis showed a nonlinear correlation, identifying a breakpoint at VAI = 1.51. To the left of this breakpoint, each unit increase in VAI significantly correlated with a higher likelihood of sarcopenia (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.74–3.79); to the right, increases in VAI did not significantly affect prevalence.

RCS分析显示出非线性相关性，确定了VAI=1.51的断点。在此断点的左侧，VAI的每单位增加与肌肉减少症的可能性更高显着相关（OR 2.54，95%CI 1.74-3.79）；右边，VAI的增加并没有显着影响患病率。

Subgroup analyses suggested VAI as an independent risk factor. Sensitivity and additive analyses confirmed the main findings’ robustness. Among American adults, the VAI is significantly associated with sarcopenia, with higher VAI values potentially increasing the prevalence of sarcopenia. Monitoring VAI is critical for early identification of high-risk individuals and interventions to delay or minimize the onset and progression of sarcopenia..

亚组分析表明VAI是一个独立的危险因素。敏感性和加性分析证实了主要发现的稳健性。在美国成年人中，VAI与肌肉减少症显着相关，较高的VAI值可能会增加肌肉减少症的患病率。监测VAI对于早期识别高危人群和干预措施至关重要，以延缓或尽量减少肌肉减少症的发作和进展。。

IntroductionSarcopenia is defined by a notable reduction in both the amount and strength of skeletal muscle, resulting in diminished physical capabilities and a decline in overall quality of life1,2. While the commencement of muscle decline is mainly associated with age, occurring normally between the ages of 30 and 40 when muscle mass and strength reach their highest point, there are other factors that can also trigger its occurrence at a younger age3.

引言骨骼肌减少症的定义是骨骼肌的数量和力量显着减少，导致身体能力下降和整体生活质量下降1,2。虽然肌肉衰退的开始主要与年龄有关，通常发生在30至40岁之间，当肌肉质量和力量达到最高点时，还有其他因素也可能触发其在年轻时的发生3。

Sarcopenia is estimated to affect 10%–16% of elderly people worldwide according to a recent study4. This condition increases the risk of falls and fractures and is closely associated with functional impairment, disability, and increased all-cause mortality5,6. Due to the increasing number of elderly people worldwide, the occurrence of sarcopenia is predicted to increase, presenting a substantial obstacle to public health systems.

根据最近的一项研究，肌肉减少症估计会影响全球10%–16%的老年人4。这种情况增加了跌倒和骨折的风险，并与功能障碍，残疾和全因死亡率增加密切相关5,6。由于全世界老年人的数量不断增加，预计肌肉减少症的发生率将增加，这对公共卫生系统构成了重大障碍。

Hence, it is crucial to identify and evaluate the risk factors associated with sarcopenia in order to enhance health and quality of life.Current studies have been progressively emphasizing the connection between obesity and sarcopenia. Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, often caused by unhealthy diets, a lack of exercise, and metabolic diseases7.Body mass index (BMI) is frequently employed as a tool to assess weight problems and identify persons who are obese8.

因此，识别和评估与肌肉减少症相关的危险因素至关重要，以提高健康和生活质量。目前的研究逐渐强调肥胖与肌肉减少症之间的联系。肥胖的特征是脂肪堆积过多，通常是由不健康的饮食，缺乏运动和代谢疾病引起的7。体重指数（BMI）经常被用作评估体重问题和识别肥胖者的工具8。

However, BMI has limitations as an assessment tool, as it overlooks the heterogeneity of fat distribution, particularly the specific impact of visceral fat on health risks9,10. The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) was proposed by Amato et al. in 2010, and is calculated from the values of waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)11.

然而，BMI作为评估工具存在局限性，因为它忽略了脂肪分布的异质性，特别是内脏脂肪对健康风险的具体影响9,10。内脏肥胖指数（VAI）由Amato等人于2010年提出，由腰围，体重指数（BMI），甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）11的值计算得出。

VAI provides a non-invasi.

VAI提供了一种非入侵。

Data availability

数据可用性

The National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Evaluation Committee assessed and approved the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Additionally, each participant gave their informed permission. The survey data are openly accessible online, providing a valuable resource for data users and researchers globally (www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/)..

国家卫生统计研究中心伦理评估委员会评估并批准了国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据。此外，每个参与者都给予了知情同意。调查数据可以在线公开访问，为全球数据用户和研究人员提供了宝贵的资源（www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/）。。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe thank the National Center for Health Statistics of the CDC for making the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey available.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Orthopaedics, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, 526060, ChinaJianzhao Li, Yuning Lin, Haitang Deng, Xiaoen Su, Wenjie Feng, Qingfeng Shao & Kai ZouAuthorsJianzhao LiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢疾病预防控制中心国家卫生统计中心提供了国家健康和营养检查调查。作者信息作者和附属机构肇庆市第一人民医院骨科，肇庆，526060，中国李建钊，林玉宁，邓海棠，苏晓恩，冯文杰，邵庆峰和邹凯作者赵建钊LiView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJ.L. conducted the study and wrote the manuscript. Y.L. analyzed the data. H.D. performed the literature search. X.S., W.F., Q.S., and K.Z. critically revised the manuscript. Each author made a substantial contribution to the forthcoming work.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。五十、 进行了研究并撰写了手稿。Y、 L.分析了数据。H、 。十、 S.，W.F.，Q.S。和K.Z.批判性地修改了手稿。每位作者都为即将出版的作品做出了重大贡献。通讯作者回复。

Jianzhao Li.Ethics declarations

李建钊。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ethical approval and consent to participate

道德认可和参与同意

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the NHANES survey. The National Center for Health Statistics’ Research Ethics Assessment Board evaluated and approved the NHANES study protocol. This study used a de-identified publicly available dataset that did not involve direct human experimentation or further interventions, and no additional ethical approvals were required for this type of research.

国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）进行了NHANES调查。。这项研究使用了一个未经识别的公开可用数据集，该数据集不涉及直接的人体实验或进一步的干预，并且这种类型的研究不需要额外的道德批准。

For further confirmation, please refer to the link to the NCHS ethics approval document for the NHANES data: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm..

有关进一步确认，请参阅NHANES数据的NCHS道德批准文件链接：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm..

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleLi, J., Lin, Y., Deng, H. et al. Association of visceral adiposity index with sarcopenia based on NHANES data.

转载和许可本文引用本文Li，J.，Lin，Y.，Deng，H。等人。基于NHANES数据的内脏肥胖指数与肌肉减少症的关联。

Sci Rep 14, 21169 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72218-0Download citationReceived: 20 June 2024Accepted: 04 September 2024Published: 10 September 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72218-0Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

科学报告1421169（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72218-0Download引文接收日期：2024年6月20日接受日期：2024年9月4日发布日期：2024年9月10日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72218-0Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsVisceral adiposity indexSarcopeniaObesityNHANESCross-sectional study

关键词全身肥胖指数肌肉肥胖指数横断面研究

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Disease preventionEpidemiologyGeriatricsPublic healthRisk factorsWeight management

疾病预防流行病学老年医学健康风险因素体重管理

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