商务合作
动脉网APP
可切换为仅中文
AbstractVasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is known to be present in a subclass of cortical interneurons. Here, using three different antibodies, we demonstrate that VIP is also present in the giant layer 5 pyramidal (Betz) neurons which are characteristic of the limb and axial representations of the marmoset primary motor cortex (cytoarchitectural area 4ab).
摘要血管活性肠多肽(VIP)已知存在于皮质中间神经元的一个亚类中。在这里,使用三种不同的抗体,我们证明VIP也存在于巨层5锥体(Betz)神经元中,这是mar猴初级运动皮层(细胞结构区域4ab)的肢体和轴向表征的特征。
No VIP staining was observed in smaller layer 5 pyramidal cells present in the primary motor facial representation (cytoarchitectural area 4c), or in the premotor cortex (e.g. the caudal subdivision of the dorsal premotor cortex, A6DC), indicating the selective expression of VIP in Betz cells. VIP in Betz cells was colocalized with neuronal specific marker (NeuN) and a calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV).
在初级运动面部表征(细胞结构区域4c)或前运动皮层(例如背侧前运动皮层的尾部细分,A6DC)中存在的较小的第5层锥体细胞中未观察到VIP染色,表明VIP在Betz细胞中的选择性表达。Betz细胞中的VIP与神经元特异性标记(NeuN)和钙结合蛋白小白蛋白(PV)共定位。
PV also intensely labelled axon terminals surrounding Betz cell somata. VIP-positive interneurons were more abundant in the superficial cortical layers and constituted about 5–7% of total cortical neurons, with the highest density observed in area 4c. Our results demonstrate the expression of VIP in the largest excitatory neurons of the primate cortex, which may offer new functional insights into the role of VIP in the brain, and provide opportunities for genetic manipulation of Betz cells..
PV还强烈标记了Betz细胞体周围的轴突末端。VIP阳性中间神经元在浅表皮层中更为丰富,约占总皮层神经元的5-7%,在4c区观察到的密度最高。我们的研究结果表明,VIP在灵长类大脑皮层最大的兴奋性神经元中表达,这可能为VIP在大脑中的作用提供新的功能见解,并为Betz细胞的遗传操作提供机会。。
IntroductionSimilar to other primates1,2,3, in the marmoset monkey, the primary motor cortex (M1, Brodmann Area 4) is formed by distinct cytoarchitectural subdivisions. According to the contemporary view, the representations of the limb and body axial musculatures are encompassed within cytoarchitectural area 4ab, located medially, whereas the representations of the head musculature (including facial and oral) are located laterally, in cytoarchitectural area 4c4,5.
引言与其他灵长类动物1,2,3相似,在mar猴中,初级运动皮层(M1,Brodmann区域4)由不同的细胞结构细分形成。根据当代观点,肢体和身体轴向肌肉组织的表示包含在位于内侧的细胞结构区域4ab内,而头部肌肉组织(包括面部和口腔)的表示位于细胞结构区域4c4,5的侧面。
In particular, A4ab contains the unique “gigantopyramidal” neurons, known as Betz cells in primates6,7,8. In contrast, in A4c, layer 5 is populated by smaller pyramidal neurons4. Betz cells are characterised by their pyramidal shape, large size, and prominent apical dendrites that are oriented along a vertical axis.
特别是,A4ab含有独特的“巨锥体”神经元,在灵长类动物中称为Betz细胞6,7,8。相反,在A4c中,第5层由较小的锥体神经元组成4。Betz细胞的特征在于它们的金字塔形,大尺寸和沿着垂直轴取向的突出的顶端树突。
Although more sparsely distributed, they can be up to 20 times larger in volume when compared to other pyramidal cells in humans9.Betz cells have specialised molecular and physiological characteristics6. Given their distinctive action-potential properties10,11 and direct connectivity onto the ventral horn of the spinal cord12, they are well placed for initiation and modulation of fine movement.
虽然分布较稀疏,但与人类其他锥体细胞相比,它们的体积可能高达20倍9。Betz细胞具有专门的分子和生理特征6。鉴于它们独特的动作电位特性10,11以及与脊髓腹角12的直接连接,它们非常适合启动和调节精细运动。
Betz cells can be identified using markers of pyramidal neurons, such as antibodies against non-phosphorylated neurofilament (e.g. SMI-32)13,14, as well as general markers of neuronal nuclei (e.g. NeuN)14. In addition, some of these cells specifically express nitric oxide synthase (NOS)15 and/ or the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV)14.
可以使用锥体神经元的标记物来鉴定Betz细胞,例如针对非磷酸化神经丝的抗体(例如SMI-32)13,14,以及神经元细胞核的一般标记物(例如NeuN)14。另外,这些细胞中的一些特异性表达一氧化氮合酶(NOS)15和/或钙结合蛋白小白蛋白(PV)14。
However, no single molecular criterion has been shown yet that distinguishes adult Betz cells from other layer 5 extratelencephalic projection neurons16.There is a large body of evidence to indicate that the local vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive (VIP+) inte.
然而,还没有单一的分子标准将成人Betz细胞与其他第5层端脑外投射神经元区分开来16。有大量证据表明局部血管活性肠多肽阳性(VIP+)内含物。
Data availability
数据可用性
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
本研究期间生成或分析的所有数据均包含在本文中。
ReferencesVogt, C. & Vogt, O. Allgemeine ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung (Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Germany, 1919).
参考文献Vogt,C.&Vogt,O.我们大脑研究的一般结果(Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth,德国,1919)。
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Matelli, M., Luppino, G. & Rizzolatti, G. Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey. Behav. Brain Res. 18(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(85)90068-3 (1985).Article
Matelli,M.,Luppino,G。&Rizzolatti,G。猕猴额叶无颗粒皮层中细胞色素氧化酶活性的模式。行为。大脑研究18(2),125-136。https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(85)90068-3(1985)。文章
CAS
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Watanabe-Sawaguchi, K., Kubota, K. & Arikuni, T. Cytoarchitecture and intrafrontal connections of the frontal cortex of the brain of the hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). J. Comp. Neurol. 311(1), 108–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903110109 (1991).Article
Watanabe Sawaguchi,K.,Kubota,K。&Arikuni,T。hamadryas狒狒(Papio hamadryas)大脑额叶皮层的细胞结构和额叶内连接。J、 公司。神经病学。311(1),108-133。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903110109(1991年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Burman, K. J., Palmer, S. M., Gamberini, M., Spitzer, M. W. & Rosa, M. G. P. Anatomical and physiological definition of the motor cortex of the marmoset monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 506(5), 860–876. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.21580 (2008).Article
Burman,K.J.,Palmer,S.M.,Gamberini,M.,Spitzer,M.W。和Rosa,M.G.P。狨猴运动皮层的解剖学和生理学定义。J、 公司。神经病学。506(5),860-876。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.21580(2008年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Paxinos, G., Watson, C., Petrides, M., Rosa, M. & Tokuno, H. The Marmoset Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012).
Paxinos,G.,Watson,C.,Petrides,M.,Rosa,M。&Tokuno,H。立体定位坐标中的mar猴大脑(Elsevier,阿姆斯特丹,2012)。
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Bakken, T. E. et al. Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse. Nature 598(7879), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03465-8 (2021).Article
Bakken,T.E.等人。人、狨猴和小鼠运动皮层的比较细胞分析。自然598(7879),111-119。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03465-8(2021年)。文章
ADS
广告
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Betz, W. Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra. Zbl Med. Wiss 12(578–580), 594–599 (1874).
Betz,W.两个大脑中心的解剖学检测。《威斯康星州医学杂志》12(578-580),594-599(1874)。
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Jacobs, B. et al. Comparative morphology of gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex across mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 526(3), 496–536. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24349 (2018).Article
Jacobs,B.等人。哺乳动物初级运动皮层中巨锥体神经元的比较形态学。J、 公司。神经病学。526(3),496-536。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24349(2018年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Rivara, C. B., Sherwood, C. C., Bouras, C. & Hof, P. R. Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex. Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell Evol. Biol. 270(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10015 (2003).Article
Rivara,C.B.,Sherwood,C.C.,Bouras,C。&Hof,P.R。人类初级运动皮层中Betz细胞的立体表征和空间分布模式。阿纳特。录制Discov。分子细胞进化。生物学270(2),137-151。https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10015(2003年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Spain, W. J., Schwindt, P. C. & Crill, W. E. Post-inhibitory excitation and inhibition in layer V pyramidal neurones from cat sensorimotor cortex. J. Physiol. 434, 609–626. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018489 (1991).Article
Spain,W.J.,Schwindt,P.C。&Crill,W.E。猫感觉运动皮层V层锥体神经元的抑制后兴奋和抑制。J、 。434609-626。https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018489(1991年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Vigneswaran, G., Kraskov, A. & Lemon, R. N. Large identified pyramidal cells in macaque motor and premotor cortex exhibit “thin spikes”: Implications for cell type classification. J. Neurosci. 31(40), 14235–14242. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3142-11.2011 (2011).Article
Vigneswaran,G.,Kraskov,A。&Lemon,R.N。猕猴运动和前运动皮层中大型鉴定的锥体细胞表现出“细尖峰”:对细胞类型分类的影响。J、 神经科学。31(40),14235–14242。https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3142-11.2011。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Lemon, R. N. Descending pathways in motor control. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 31, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547 (2008).Article
Lemon,R.N。运动控制中的下行通路。年。神经科学牧师。31195-218。https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547(2008年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Tsang, Y. M., Chiong, F., Kuznetsov, D., Kasarskis, E. & Geula, C. Motor neurons are rich in non-phosphorylated neurofilaments: Cross-species comparison and alterations in ALS. Brain Res. 861(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)01954-5 (2000).Article
。大脑研究861(1),45-58。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)01954-5(2000)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Szocsics, P., Papp, P., Havas, L., Watanabe, M. & Maglóczky, Z. Perisomatic innervation and neurochemical features of giant pyramidal neurons in both hemispheres of the human primary motor cortex. Brain. Struct. Funct. 226(1), 281–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02182-8 (2021).Article .
Szocsics,P.,Papp,P.,Havas,L.,Watanabe,M。&Maglóczky,Z。人类初级运动皮层两个半球巨大锥体神经元的周围神经支配和神经化学特征。。结构。函数。226(1),281-296。https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02182-8(2021年)。文章。
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Wallace, M. N., Tayebjee, M. H., Rana, F. S., Farquhar, D. A. & Nyong’o, A. O. Pyramidal neurones in pathological human motor cortex express nitric oxide synthase. Neurosci. Lett. 212(3), 187–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12809-3 (1996).Article
Wallace,M.N.,Tayebjee,M.H.,Rana,F.S.,Farquhar,D.A。&Nyong'o,A.o。病理性人类运动皮层中的锥体神经元表达一氧化氮合酶。神经科学。利特。212(3),187-190。https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12809-3(1996)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Nolan, M., Scott, C., Hof, P. R. & Ansorge, O. Betz cells of the primary motor cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 532, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25567 (2024).Article
Nolan,M.,Scott,C.,Hof,P.R。&Ansorge,O。Betz初级运动皮层的细胞。J、 公司。神经病学。532,1-29。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25567(2024年)。文章
CAS
中科院
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Lee, S., Kruglikov, I., Huang, Z. J., Fishell, G. & Rudy, B. A disinhibitory circuit mediates motor integration in the somatosensory cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 16(11), 1662–1670. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3544 (2013).Article
Lee,S.,Kruglikov,I.,Huang,Z.J.,Fishell,G。&Rudy,B。去抑制电路介导体感皮层中的运动整合。自然神经科学。16(11),1662-1670年。https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3544(2013年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Garcia-Junco-Clemente, P. et al. An inhibitory pull-push circuit in frontal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 20(3), 389–392. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4483 (2017).Article
Garcia Junco Clemente,P。等人。额叶皮层的抑制性拉-推电路。自然神经科学。20(3),389-392。https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4483(2017年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Pi, H. J. et al. Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control. Nature. 503(7477), 521–524. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12676 (2013).Article
Pi,H.J.等人。专门从事去抑制控制的皮质中间神经元。自然。503(7477),521-524。https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12676(2013年)。文章
ADS
广告
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Zhou, X., Rickmann, M., Hafner, G. & Staiger, J. F. Subcellular targeting of VIP boutons in mouse barrel cortex is layer-dependent and not restricted to interneurons. Cereb. Cortex. 27(11), 5353–5368. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx220 (2017).Article
Zhou,X.,Rickmann,M.,Hafner,G。&Staiger,J.F。小鼠桶皮层中VIP钮扣的亚细胞靶向是层依赖性的,不限于中间神经元。塞雷布。皮质。27(11),5353-5368。https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx220(2017年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Yetman, M. J. et al. Intersectional monosynaptic tracing for dissecting subtype-specific organization of GABAergic interneuron inputs. Nat. Neurosci. 22(3), 492–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0322-y (2019).Article
Yetman,M.J.等人。用于解剖GABA能中间神经元输入的亚型特异性组织的交叉单突触追踪。自然神经科学。。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0322-y(2019年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Szadai, Z. et al. Cortex-wide response mode of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment. ELife 11, e78815. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78815 (2022).Article
Szadai,Z。等人。通过奖惩表达VIP的抑制性神经元的皮层范围反应模式。埃利夫11,e78815。https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78815(2022年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Gabbott, P. L. & Bacon, S. J. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide containing neurones in monkey medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC): Colocalisation with calretinin. Brain Res. 744(1), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01232-2 (1997).Article
Gabbott,P.L。&Bacon,S.J。猴内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)中含有血管活性肠多肽的神经元:与calretinin共定位。大脑研究744(1),179-184。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01232-2(1997)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Peters, A., Meinecke, D. L. & Karamanlidis, A. N. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive neurons in the primary visual cortex of the cat. J. Neurocytol. 16(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02456695 (1987).Article
Peters,A.,Meinecke,D.L。&Karamanlidis,A.N。猫初级视觉皮层中的血管活性肠多肽免疫反应神经元。J、 神经细胞醇。16(1),23-38。https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02456695(1987年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Prönneke, A. et al. Characterizing VIP neurons in the barrel cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice reveals layer-specific differences. Cereb. Cortex. 25(12), 4854–4868. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv202 (2015).Article
Prönneke,A。等人对VIPcre/tdTomato小鼠桶皮层中VIP神经元的表征揭示了层特异性差异。塞雷布。皮质。25(12),4854-4868。https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv202(2015年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Kim, Y. et al. Brain-wide maps reveal stereotyped cell-type-based cortical architecture and subcortical sexual dimorphism. Cell. 171(2), 456-469.e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.020 (2017).Article
Kim,Y.等人的全脑图谱揭示了刻板的基于细胞类型的皮质结构和皮质下性二态性。细胞。171(2),456-469.e22。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.020(2017年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Krienen, F. M. et al. A marmoset brain cell census reveals regional specialization of cellular identities. Sci. Adv. 9(41), eadk3986. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk3986 (2023).Article
Krienen,F.M.等人。狨猴脑细胞普查揭示了细胞身份的区域专业化。科学。Adv.9(41),eadk3986。https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk3986(2023年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Majka, P. et al. Towards a comprehensive atlas of cortical connections in a primate brain: Mapping tracer injection studies of the common marmoset into a reference digital template. J. Comp. Neurol. 524(11), 2161–2181. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24023 (2016).Article
Majka,P.等人,《灵长类大脑皮层连接的综合图谱:将普通mar猴的示踪剂注射研究映射到参考数字模板》。J、 公司。神经病学。524(11),2161-2181。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24023(2016年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Majka, P. et al. Open access resource for cellular-resolution analyses of corticocortical connectivity in the marmoset monkey. Nat. Commun. 11(1), 1133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14858-0 (2020).Article
Majka,P。等人。用于mar猴皮质皮质连接的细胞分辨率分析的开放获取资源。国家公社。11(1),1133年。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14858-0(2020年)。文章
ADS
广告
MathSciNet
MathSciNet
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Gallyas, F. Silver staining of myelin by means of physical development. Neurol. Res. 12(2), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.1979.11739553 (1979).Article
Gallyas,F。通过物理发育对髓鞘进行银染。神经病学。第12(2)号决议,203-209。https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.1979.11739553(1979年)。文章
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Worthy, K.H., Burman, K.J. & Rosa, M.G.P. Gallyas silver stain for myelin. In The Marmoset Brain Connectivity Atlas Project. Online. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23807.76968. http://r.marmosetbrain.org/Gallyasmethod.pdf (2017).Burman, K. J., Bakola, S., Richardson, K. E., Reser, D.
Worthy,K.H.,Burman,K.J。&Rosa,M.G.P。Gallyas髓鞘银染。在mar猴大脑连接图谱项目中。在线。https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23807.76968.(笑声)http://r.marmosetbrain.org/Gallyasmethod.pdf(2017年)。伯曼,K.J.,巴科拉,S.,理查德森,K.E.,里瑟,D。
H. & Rosa, M. G. P. Patterns of cortical input to the primary motor area in the marmoset monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 522(4), 811–843. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23447 (2014).Article .
H、 &Rosa,M.G.P。狨猴初级运动区皮质输入的模式。J、 公司。神经病学。522(4),811-843。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23447(2014年)。文章。
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Atapour, N. et al. Neuronal distribution across the cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Cereb. Cortex. 29(9), 3836–3863. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy263 (2019).Article
Atapour,N。等人。狨猴(Callithrix jacchus)大脑皮层的神经元分布。塞雷布。皮质。。https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy263(2019年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Atapour, N., Worthy, K. H., Lui, L. L., Yu, H.-H. & Rosa, M. G. P. Neuronal degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of primary visual cortex: Comparison of young adult and geriatric marmoset monkeys. Brain. Struct. Funct. 222(7), 3283–3293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1404-4 (2017).Article .
Atapour,N.,Worthy,K.H.,Lui,L.L.,Yu,H.-H.&Rosa,M.G.P.初级视觉皮层损伤后背外侧膝状体核的神经元变性:年轻成年和老年狨猴的比较。。结构。函数。222(7),3283-3293。https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1404-4(2017年)。文章。
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Tremblay, R., Lee, S. & Rudy, B. GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex: from cellular properties to circuits. Neuron. 91(2), 260–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 (2016).Article
。神经元。91(2),260-292。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033(2016年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Atapour, N., et al. Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.05.574341 (2024).Kondo, H., Tanaka, K., Hashikawa, T. & Jones, E. G. Neurochemical gradients along monkey sensory cortical pathways: Calbindin-immunoreactive pyramidal neurons in layers II and III.
Atapour,N。等人。mar猴大脑皮层各区域和各层钙结合蛋白阳性神经元的分布。生物十四。https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.05.574341(2024年)。Kondo,H.,Tanaka,K.,Hashikawa,T。&Jones,E。G。沿着猴子感觉皮层通路的神经化学梯度:II层和III层中的钙结合蛋白免疫反应性锥体神经元。
Eur. J. Neurosci. 11(12), 4197–4203. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00844.x (1999).Article .
Eur. J. Neurosci. 11(12), 4197–4203. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00844.x (1999).Article .
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Markram, H. et al. Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5(10), 793–807. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1519 (2004).Article
Markram,H.等人,《新皮层抑制系统的中间神经元》。神经科学杂志。5(10),793-807。https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1519(2004年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Ebbesen, C. L. et al. More than Just a “motor”: Recent surprises from the frontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 38(44), 9402–9413. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1671-18.2018 (2018).Article
Ebbesen,C.L。等人。不仅仅是一个“运动”:最近来自额叶皮层的惊喜。J、 神经科学。38(44),9402-9413。https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1671-18.2018(2018年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Cleveland, D. W. & Rothstein, J. D. From Charcot to Lou Gehrig: deciphering selective motor neuron death in ALS. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2(11), 806–819. https://doi.org/10.1038/35097565 (2001).Article
克利夫兰(Cleveland,D.W.)和罗斯坦(Rothstein,J.D.),从Charcot到Lou Gehrig:解读ALS中选择性运动神经元死亡。神经科学杂志。2(11),806-819。https://doi.org/10.1038/35097565(2001年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Hof, P. R. & Perl, D. P. Neurofibrillary tangles in the primary motor cortex in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex. Neurosci. Lett. 328(3), 294–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00523-2 (2002).Article
Hof,P.R。&Perl,D.P。瓜马尼亚肌萎缩侧索硬化症/帕金森氏痴呆症复合体初级运动皮层中的神经原纤维缠结。神经科学。利特。328(3),294-298。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00523-2(2002)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Scheibel, M. E., Tomiyasu, U. & Scheibel, A. B. The aging human Betz cell. Exp. Neurol. 56(3), 598–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4886(77)90323-5 (1977).Article
Scheibel,M.E.,Tomiyasu,U。和Scheibel,A.B。衰老的人类Betz细胞。。56(3),598-609。https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4886(77)90323-5(1977)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Seeley, W. W. Selective functional, regional, and neuronal vulnerability in frontotemporal dementia. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 21(6), 701–707. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283168e2d (2008).Article
Seeley,W.W。额颞叶痴呆的选择性功能,区域和神经元脆弱性。货币。奥平。神经病学。21(6),701-707。https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283168e2d(2008年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Udaka, F., Kameyama, M. & Tomonaga, M. Degeneration of Betz cells in motor neuron disease A Golgi study. Acta. Neuropathol. 70(3–4), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686086 (1986).Article
Udaka,F.,Kameyama,M。&Tomonaga,M。运动神经元疾病中Betz细胞的变性高尔基体研究。。神经病。70(3-4),289-295。https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686086(1986年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Gittings, L. M. et al. Cryptic exon detection and transcriptomic changes revealed in single-nuclei RNA sequencing of C9ORF72 patients spanning the ALS-FTD spectrum. Acta Neuropathol. 146(3), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-023-02599-5 (2023).Article
Gittings,L.M.等人。跨越ALS-FTD光谱的C9ORF72患者的单核RNA测序揭示了隐性外显子检测和转录组学变化。神经病学报。146(3),433-450。https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-023-02599-5(2023年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Delgado, M., Pozo, D. & Ganea, D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 56(2), 249–290. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.2.7 (2004).Article
Delgado,M.,Pozo,D。&Ganea,D。血管活性肠肽在免疫调节中的意义。药理学。修订版56(2),249-290。https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.2.7(2004年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Iwasaki, M., Akiba, Y. & Kaunitz, J. D. Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: Focus on the gastrointestinal system. F1000Res. 8, 1. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18039.1 (2019).Article
Iwasaki,M.,Akiba,Y。&Kaunitz,J.D。血管活性肠肽生理学和病理生理学的最新进展:关注胃肠系统。。8,1。https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18039.1(2019年)。文章
CAS
中科院
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Waschek, J. A. VIP and PACAP: Neuropeptide modulators of CNS inflammation, injury, and repair. Br. J. Pharmacol. 169(3), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12181 (2013).Article
Waschek,J.A。VIP和PACAP:中枢神经系统炎症,损伤和修复的神经肽调节剂。Br.J.药理学。169(3),512-523。https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12181(2013年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Brenneman, D. E., Nicol, T., Warren, D. & Bowers, L. M. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: A neurotrophic releasing agent and an astroglial mitogen. J. Neurosci. Res. 25(3), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.490250316 (1990).Article
Brenneman,D.E.,Nicol,T.,Warren,D。&Bowers,L.M。血管活性肠肽:一种神经营养释放剂和星形胶质细胞有丝分裂原。J、 神经科学。第25(3)号决议,386-394。https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.490250316(1990年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Pellegri, G., Magistretti, P. J. & Martin, J. L. VIP and PACAP potentiate the action of glutamate on BDNF expression in mouse cortical neurones. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10(1), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00052.x (1998).Article
Pellegri,G.,Magistretti,P.J。&Martin,J.L。VIP和PACAP增强谷氨酸对小鼠皮层神经元中BDNF表达的作用。Eur.J.Neurosci。10(1),272-280。https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00052.x(1998年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Armstrong, B. D. et al. Induction of neuropeptide gene expression and blockade of retrograde transport in facial motor neurons following local peripheral nerve inflammation in severe combined immunodeficiency and BALB/C mice. Neuroscience 129(1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.085 (2004).Article .
Armstrong,B.D.等人。严重联合免疫缺陷和BALB/C小鼠局部周围神经炎症后神经肽基因表达的诱导和面部运动神经元逆行运输的阻断。神经科学129(1),93-99。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.085(2004年)。文章。
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Mattson, M. P. & Magnus, T. Ageing and neuronal vulnerability. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7(4), 278–294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1886 (2006).Article
Mattson,M.P。&Magnus,T。衰老和神经元脆弱性。神经科学杂志。7(4),278-294。https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1886(2006年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Morrison, B. M., Hof, P. R. & Morrison, J. H. Determinants of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann. Neurol. 44(3 Suppl 1), S32–S44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410440706 (1998).Article
Morrison,B.M.,Hof,P.R。&Morrison,J.H。神经退行性疾病中神经元脆弱性的决定因素。安。神经病学。44(3补充1),S32–S44。https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410440706(1998年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Preuss, T. M. & Kaas, J. H. Parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity of layer V pyramidal cells in the motor and somatosensory cortex of adult primates. Brain Res. 712(2), 353–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01531-0 (1996).Article
Preuss,T.M。&Kaas,J.H。成年灵长类动物运动和体感皮层中V层锥体细胞的小白蛋白样免疫反应性。大脑研究712(2),353-357。https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01531-0(1996)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Szocsics, P., Papp, P., Havas, L., Lőke, J. & Maglóczky, Z. Interhemispheric differences of pyramidal cells in the primary motor cortices of schizophrenia patients investigated postmortem. Cereb. Cortex 33(13), 8179–8193. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad107 (2023).Article
Szocsics,P.,Papp,P.,Havas,L.,Lőke,J。&Maglóczky,Z。精神分裂症患者死后主要运动皮层锥体细胞的半球间差异。塞雷布。皮质33(13),8179-8193。https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad107(2023年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Magistretti, P. J., Morrison, J. H., Shoemaker, W. J., Sapin, V. & Bloom, F. E. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induces glycogenolysis in mouse cortical slices: A possible regulatory mechanism for the local control of energy metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78(10), 6535–6539.
Magistretti,P.J.,Morrison,J.H.,Shoemaker,W.J.,Sapin,V。&Bloom,F.E。血管活性肠多肽诱导小鼠皮质切片中的糖原分解:局部控制能量代谢的可能调节机制。程序。纳特尔。阿卡德。科学。美国78(10),6535-6539。
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.10.6535 (1981).Article .
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.10.6535(1981).文章联盟。
ADS
广告
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Wu, J., Zhao, Z., Shi, Y. & He, M. Cortical VIP+ interneurons in the upper and deeper layers are transcriptionally distinct. J. Mol. Neurosci. 72(8), 1779–1795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-022-02040-8 (2022).Article
Wu,J.,Zhao,Z.,Shi,Y。&He,M。上层和深层的皮质VIP+中间神经元在转录上是不同的。J、 分子神经科学。72(8),1779-1795年。https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-022-02040-8(2022年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Ungerleider, L. G. & Desimone, R. Projections to the superior temporal sulcus from the central and peripheral field representations of V1 and V2. J. Comp. Neurol. 248(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902480202 (1986).Article
Ungerleider,L.G。和Desimone,R。从V1和V2的中央和外围场表示投影到颞上沟。J、 公司。神经病学。248(2),147-163。https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902480202(1986年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Palmer, S. M. & Rosa, M. G. P. A distinct anatomical network of cortical areas for analysis of motion in far peripheral vision. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24(8), 2389–2405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05113.x (2006).Article
Palmer,S.M。&Rosa,M.G.P。一种独特的皮层区域解剖网络,用于分析远周边视觉中的运动。Eur.J.Neurosci。24(8),2389-2405。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05113.x(2006年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Rosa, M. G. P. et al. Connections of the dorsomedial visual area: Pathways for early integration of dorsal and ventral streams in extrastriate cortex. J. Neurosci. 29(14), 4548–4563. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0529-09.2009 (2009).Article
Rosa,M.G.P.等人,《背内侧视觉区的连接:纹状体外皮背侧和腹侧血流早期整合的途径》。J、 神经科学。29(14),4548-4563。https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0529-09.2009(2009年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Yu, H.-H. et al. Spatial and temporal frequency tuning in striate cortex: Functional uniformity and specializations related to receptive field eccentricity. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31(6), 1043–1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07118.x (2010).Article
Yu,H.-H.等人。纹状体皮层的时空频率调谐:与感受野偏心率相关的功能均匀性和专业化。Eur.J.Neurosci。31(6),1043-1062。https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07118.x(2010年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Yu, H.-H. & Rosa, M. G. P. Uniformity and diversity of response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex: Selectivity for orientation, direction of motion, and stimulus size from center to far periphery. Vis. Neurosci. 31(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523813000448 (2014).Article .
Yu,H.-H.&Rosa,M.G.P。初级视觉皮层神经元响应特性的均匀性和多样性:从中心到远端外围的方向,运动方向和刺激大小的选择性。可见。神经科学。31(1),85-98。https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523813000448(2014年)。文章。
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Gonchar, Y., Wang, Q. & Burkhalter, A. Multiple distinct subtypes of GABAergic neurons in mouse visual cortex identified by triple immunostaining. Front. Neuroanat. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.05.003.2007 (2008).Article
Gonchar,Y.,Wang,Q。&Burkhalter,A。通过三重免疫染色鉴定小鼠视觉皮层中GABA能神经元的多种不同亚型。正面。神经解剖学。1,3。https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.05.003.2007(2008年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Pfeffer, C. K., Xue, M., He, M., Huang, Z. J. & Scanziani, M. Inhibition of inhibition in visual cortex: The logic of connections between molecularly distinct interneurons. Nat. Neurosci. 16(8), 1068–1076. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3446 (2013).Article
Pfeffer,C.K.,Xue,M.,He,M.,Huang,Z.J。&Scanziani,M。视觉皮层抑制:分子不同中间神经元之间连接的逻辑。自然神经科学。16(8),1068-1076。https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3446(2013年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Apicella, A. J. & Marchionni, I. VIP-expressing GABAergic neurons: Disinhibitory vs inhibitory motif and its role in communication across neocortical areas. Front. Cell Neurosci. 16, 811484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.811484 (2022).Article
Apicella,A.J。&Marchionni,I。表达VIP的GABA能神经元:去抑制与抑制基序及其在跨新皮层区域通信中的作用。正面。细胞神经科学。16811484年。https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.811484(2022年)。文章
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Fu, Y. et al. A cortical circuit for gain control by behavioral state. Cell. 156(6), 1139–1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.050 (2014).Article
Fu,Y.等人。通过行为状态进行增益控制的皮质电路。细胞。156(6),1139-1152。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.050(2014年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Yu, J., Hu, H., Agmon, A. & Svoboda, K. Recruitment of GABAergic interneurons in the barrel cortex during active tactile behavior. Neuron. 104(2), 412–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.027 (2019).Article
Yu,J.,Hu,H.,Agmon,A。&Svoboda,K。在主动触觉行为期间在桶皮层中募集GABA能中间神经元。神经元。。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.027(2019年)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Benson, D. L., Isackson, P. J. & Jones, E. G. In situ hybridization reveals VIP precursor mRNA-containing neurons in monkey and rat neocortex. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 9(1–2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-328x(91)90145-n (1991).Article
Benson,D.L.,Isackson,P.J。&Jones,E.G。原位杂交揭示了猴和大鼠新皮层中含有VIP前体mRNA的神经元。。https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-328x(91)90145-n(1991)。文章
CAS
中科院
PubMed
PubMed
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Ong, W. Y. & Garey, L. J. Ultrastructural characteristics of human adult and infant cerebral cortical neurons. J. Anat. 175, 79–104 (1991).CAS
Ong,W.Y。&Garey,L.J。成人和婴儿大脑皮层神经元的超微结构特征。J、 阿纳特。175,79-104(1991)。中科院
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed Central
公共医学中心
Google Scholar
谷歌学者
Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the contributions of the Monash Micro Imaging platform for providing training and support for confocal imaging and the Monash Histology platform for slide scanning services.FundingFunding was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council to Marcello G.
下载参考文献致谢作者感谢莫纳什显微成像平台为共聚焦成像提供培训和支持以及莫纳什组织学平台为幻灯片扫描服务所做的贡献。资助资金由国家卫生与医学研究委员会提供给Marcello G。
P. Rosa (APP1194206) and Nafiseh Atapour (APP2019011).Author informationAuthor notesThese authors jointly supervised this work: Marcello G. P. Rosa and Nafiseh Atapour.Authors and AffiliationsDepartment of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, AustraliaSadaf Teymornejad, Katrina H.
P、 Rosa(APP1194206)和Nafiseh Atapour(APP2019011)。作者信息作者注意到这些作者共同监督了这项工作:Marcello G.P.Rosa和Nafiseh Atapour。作者和附属机构莫纳什大学生物医学发现研究所生理学和神经科学计划系,维多利亚州墨尔本克莱顿,3800年,卡特里娜·H·AustraliaSadaf Teymornejad。
Worthy, Marcello G. P. Rosa & Nafiseh AtapourAuthorsSadaf TeymornejadView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.
值得一提的是,Marcello G.P.Rosa和Nafiseh Atapourautorssadaf TeymornejadView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。
PubMed Google ScholarKatrina H. WorthyView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in
PubMed Google ScholarKatrina H.WorthyView作者出版物您也可以在
PubMed Google ScholarMarcello G. P. RosaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in
PubMed Google ScholarMarcello G.P.RosaView作者出版物您也可以在
PubMed Google ScholarNafiseh AtapourView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in
PubMed Google ScholarNafiseh AtapourView作者出版物您也可以在
PubMed Google ScholarContributionsN.A. and M.G.P.R. designed the experiments. S.T., K.H.W. and N.A. performed the experiments. N.A. and S.T. analysed the data and N.A., M.G.P.R. and S.T. wrote the manuscript. All listed authors have approved the final manuscript before submission.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.
PubMed谷歌学术贡献。A、 M.G.P.R.设计了实验。S、 T.,K.H.W.和N.A.进行了实验。N、 A.和S.T.分析了数据,N.A.,M.G.P.R.和S.T.撰写了手稿。所有列出的作者在提交前都批准了最终稿件。对应作者对应。
Nafiseh Atapour.Ethics declarations
Nafiseh Atapour。道德宣言
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
作者声明没有利益冲突。
Ethics approval
道德认可
The experiments were conducted in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes. All procedures were overseen by the Animal Ethics Experimentation Committee at Monash University.
实验是根据澳大利亚科学目的动物护理和使用实践守则进行的。所有程序均由莫纳什大学动物伦理实验委员会监督。
Consent to participate
同意参加
All listed authors agreed to participate in this study.
所有列出的作者都同意参加这项研究。
Additional informationPublisher's noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary InformationSupplementary Figures.Rights and permissions
Additional informationPublisher的noteSpringer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息补充数字。权限和权限
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material.
开放获取本文是根据知识共享署名非商业性NoDerivatives 4.0国际许可证授权的,该许可证允许以任何媒介或格式进行任何非商业性使用,共享,分发和复制,只要您对原始作者和来源给予适当的信任,提供知识共享许可证的链接,并指出您是否修改了许可材料。
You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
根据本许可证,您无权共享源自本文或其部分的改编材料。本文中的图像或其他第三方材料包含在文章的知识共享许可证中,除非该材料的信用额度中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可中,并且您的预期用途不受法律法规的许可或超出许可用途,则您需要直接获得版权所有者的许可。
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/..
要查看此许可证的副本,请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/..
Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleTeymornejad, S., Worthy, K.H., Rosa, M.G.P. et al. Giant pyramidal neurons of the primary motor cortex express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a known marker of cortical interneurons.
转载和许可本文引用本文Teymornejad,S.,Worthy,K.H.,Rosa,M.G.P.等人。初级运动皮层的巨大锥体神经元表达血管活性肠多肽(VIP),这是一种已知的皮层中间神经元标记。
Sci Rep 14, 21174 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71637-3Download citationReceived: 07 February 2024Accepted: 29 August 2024Published: 11 September 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71637-3Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.
Sci Rep 1421174(2024)。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71637-3Download引文接收日期:2024年2月7日接受日期:2024年8月29日发布日期:2024年9月11日OI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71637-3Share。复制到剪贴板。
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供
KeywordsVasoactive intestinal polypeptideLayer 5 pyramidal cellsBetz cellsPrimary motor cortexInhibitory neuronsMarmoset
关键词活性肠多肽层5锥体细胞betz细胞主要运动皮层抑制性神经元
CommentsBy submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
评论通过提交评论,您同意遵守我们的条款和社区指南。如果您发现有虐待行为或不符合我们的条款或准则,请将其标记为不合适。