Since the publication of the first issue of Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, we have witnessed advances in multiple research areas that have culminated in improved outcomes for many cancer types, although substantial unmet needs remain for a majority of patients worldwide. Here, we have asked experts in several key specialities to reflect on the progress from the past 20 years and propose the next steps to enable further advances.

自第一期《自然评论临床肿瘤学》出版以来，我们见证了多个研究领域的进展，最终改善了许多癌症类型的预后，尽管全球大多数患者仍存在大量未满足的需求。在这里，我们请几个关键专业的专家反思过去20年的进展，并提出下一步的措施，以取得进一步的进展。

Although we are aware that this Viewpoint cannot provide full coverage of the vast field that is clinical oncology, we hope that these messages inspire a diverse range of readers..

虽然我们意识到这种观点不能全面涵盖临床肿瘤学的广阔领域，但我们希望这些信息能激发广大读者的兴趣。。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsE.B. thanks S. Admane (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, USA) for her support with the writing of this Viewpoint. M.W.B. thanks J.P. Neoptolemos (Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany) for his support with the writing of this Viewpoint. R.K.J.

下载referencesAcknowledgementsE。B、 感谢S.Admane（美国德克萨斯大学安德森癌症分校）对撰写这一观点的支持。M、 W.B.感谢J.P.Neoptolemos（德国海德堡大学医院）对撰写这一观点的支持。R、 K.J。

is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01CA259253, R01CA269672, R01NS118929, and U01CA261842 and grants from the Harvard Ludwig Cancer Center, Jane’s Trust Foundation, National Foundation for Cancer Research and Niles Albright Research Foundation. G.K. is supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-22-CE14-0066 VIVORUSH, ANR-23-CE44-0030 COPPERMAC and ANR-23-R4HC-0006 Ener-LIGHT); Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the France 2030 programme (reference number 21-ESRE-0028); Association pour la recherche sur le cancer; Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; a donation by Elior; ERA4 Health Cardinoff Grant Ener-LIGHT; European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases Wilsonmed; European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award (ERC-2021-ADG, Grant No.

由美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助R01CA259253，R01CA269672，R01NS118929和U01CA261842，以及哈佛路德维希癌症中心，简信托基金会，国家癌症研究基金会和奈尔斯·奥尔布赖特研究基金会的资助。G、 K.由国家研究机构（ANR-22-CE14-0066 VIVORUSH，ANR-23-CE44-0030 COPPERMAC和ANR-23-R4HC-0006 Ener LIGHT）支持；法国2030计划下的国家研究机构（参考号21-ESRE-0028）；癌症研究协会；法兰西岛坎卡罗普岛；Elior的捐赠；ERA4 Health Cardinoff Grant Ener LIGHT；；欧洲研究理事会高级研究员奖（ERC-2021-ADG，批准号：。

101052444); European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmes Oncobiome (grant agreement number: 825410), Prevalung (grant agreement number 101095604) and Neutrocure (grant agreement number 861878); Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Hevolution Network on Senescence in Aging (reference HF-E Einstein Network); Institut National du Cancer; Institut Universitaire de France; LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée); Mark Foundation (Cancer Research ASPIRE Award); PAIR-Obésité (INCa_1873); RHUs Immunolife and LUCA-pi (ANR-21-RHUS-0017 and ANR-23-RHUS-0010); Seerave Foundation; and SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM, SIRIC CARPEM I.

101052444）；欧盟地平线2020研究与创新计划Oncobiome（资助协议编号：825410），Prevalung（资助协议编号101095604）和Neutrocure（资助协议编号861878）；医学研究基金会；衰老衰老的进化网络（参考HF-E爱因斯坦网络）；国家癌症研究所；法国大学研究所；LabEx免疫肿瘤学（ANR-18-IDEX-0001）；Ligue contre le Cancer（équipe labellisée）；马克基金会（癌症研究ASPIRE奖）；对Obésiteé（印加1873）；RHUs Immunolife和LUCA pi（ANR-21-RHUs-0017和ANR-23-RHUs-0010）；Seerave基金会；和SIRIC癌症研究和个性化医学（CARPEM，SIRIC CARPEM I。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsSusana Banerjee is a medical oncologist in gynaecological cancers at The Royal Marsden, London (UK), and Professor in Women’s Cancers (Institute of Cancer Research, UK). Roles include past ESMO Director, co-chair of ESMO Gynaecological Cancers Congress, Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) Rare Cancers Committee and President-Elect of the Royal Society of Medicine Oncology Section.Christopher M.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献Susana Banerjee是英国伦敦皇家马斯登（Royal Marsden）妇科癌症医学肿瘤学家，女性癌症教授（英国癌症研究所）。担任的职务包括前ESMO主任、ESMO妇科癌症大会联合主席、妇科癌症国际小组（GCIG）罕见癌症委员会和皇家医学会肿瘤科当选主席。克里斯托弗M。

Booth is a medical oncologist and health services researcher at Queen’s University in Kingston (Canada). C.M.B.’s research programme explores access, quality and value of cancer care. He serves as policy advisor to the WHO and across the health systems of Canada and many other countries. C.M.B. is one of the founding leaders of the Common Sense Oncology initiative.Eduardo Bruera is a world leader in palliative medicine, education, implementation and research, with over 1,400 publications.

Booth是加拿大金斯敦皇后大学的医学肿瘤学家和卫生服务研究员。C、 M.B.的研究计划探索癌症护理的获取，质量和价值。他担任世卫组织以及加拿大和许多其他国家卫生系统的政策顾问。C、 M.B.是常识肿瘤学倡议的创始人之一。爱德华多·布鲁拉（EduardoBruera）是姑息医学、教育、实施和研究领域的世界领导者，拥有1400多份出版物。

He is currently the F.T. McGraw Chair in the Treatment of Cancer at the Division of Palliative, Integrative, and Rehabilitation Medicine of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (USA).Markus W. Büchler is Director of the Botton-Champalimaud Pancreatic Cancer Center, Chair of Surgical Oncology, and Director of the Carmen and Reinhold Würth Pancreatic Cancer Research Center in Lisbon (Portugal).

他目前是德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心（美国）姑息，综合和康复医学系癌症治疗的F.T.McGraw主席。Markus W.Büchler是Botton-Champalimaud胰腺癌中心主任，外科肿瘤学主席，里斯本（葡萄牙）Carmen and Reinhold Würth胰腺癌研究中心主任。

He is a Full Professor of Surgery at the Universities of Heidelberg (Germany) and Lisbon. He held the Chair of Surgery at the University of Berne (Switzerland; 1993–2001) and Heidelberg (2001–2023). M.W.B. is the most cited pancreatic surgeon.Alexander Drilon is Chief of the Early Drug Development Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC; USA).

他是海德堡大学（德国）和里斯本大学的外科教授。他曾担任伯尔尼大学（瑞士；1993-2001）和海德堡大学（2001-2023）的外科主任。M、 。AlexanderDrilon是纪念斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心（MSKCC；USA）早期药物开发服务的负责人。

His research focuses on the development of novel targeted therapies for oncog.

他的研究重点是开发针对oncog的新型靶向疗法。

Susana Banerjee, Christopher M. Booth, Eduardo Bruera, Markus W. Büchler, Alexander Drilon, Terry J. Fry, Irene M. Ghobrial, Luca Gianni, Rakesh K. Jain, Guido Kroemer, Josep M. Llovet, Georgina V. Long, Klaus Pantel, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Howard I. Scher, Josep Tabernero, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Michael Weller or Yi-Long Wu.Ethics declarations.

苏珊娜·班纳吉（SusanaBanerjee）、克里斯托弗·布斯（ChristopherM.Booth）、爱德华多·布鲁拉（EduardoBruera）、马库斯·布奇勒（MarkusW.Büchler）、亚历山大·德里隆（AlexanderDrilon）、特里·J·弗莱（TerryJ.Fry）、艾琳·M·戈布里亚（IreneM.Ghobrial）、卢卡·吉安尼（LucaGianni）、拉凯什·K·贾因（RakeshK.Jain）、圭多·克罗默（GuidoKroemer）、约瑟普·M·略特（JosepM.Llovet）、乔治娜。道德宣言。

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

S.B. has received institutional funding for academic studies from AstraZeneca and GSK; honoraria for lectures from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, GSK, ImmunoGen, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Mersana, Novacure, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda and Verastem Oncology; has had advisory roles for Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Epsilogen, GSK, Immunogen, ITM Oncologics, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Mersana, Myriad, Novartis, Oncxerna, Regeneron, Seagen, Shattuck Labs, TORL Biotherapeutics, Verastem Oncology and Zymeworks; received travel support from AstraZeneca, GSK and Verastem Oncology; and is a past Director of Membership at ESMO (2020–2022).

S、 B.已获得阿斯利康和葛兰素史克的学术研究机构资助；Abbvie，AstraZeneca，GSK，ImmunoGen，Merck Sharpe＆Dohme，Mersana，Novacure，Pfizer，Roche，Takeda和Verastem Oncology的演讲酬金；曾为Abbvie，AstraZeneca，Epsilogen，GSK，Immunogen，ITM Oncologics，Merck Sharpe＆Dohme，Mersana，Myriad，Novartis，Oncxerna，Regeneron，Seagen，Shattuck Labs，TORL Biotherapeutics，Verastem Oncology和Zymeworks担任顾问；获得了阿斯利康，GSK和Verastem Oncology的旅行支持；曾任ESMO（2020-2022）会员总监。

A.D. has received honoraria from or had advisory roles for 14ner/Elevation Oncology, Amgen, Anheart Therapeutics, Abbvie, ArcherDX, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, BergenBio, Blueprint Medicines, Boundless Bio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, EcoR1, EMD Serono, Entos, Exelixis, Helsinn, Hengrui Therapeutics, Ignyta/Genentech/Roche, Innocare, Janssen, Loxo/Lilly, Merus, Monopteros, MonteRosa, Novartis, Nuvalent, Pfizer, Prelude, Regeneron, Repare RX, Takeda/Ariad/Millenium, Treeline Bio, TP Therapeutics, Tyra Biosciences, Verastem Oncology and Zymeworks; has received institutional funding from Foundation Medicine, GSK, Pharmamar, Taiho and Teva; owns equity in mBrace and Treeline; has a copyright for selpercatinib-osimertinib (pending, US 18/041,617); has received royalties from UpToDate and Wolters Kluwer; has received support for food/beverage from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck and Puma; and has received continuing medical education-related honoraria from Answers in CME, Applied Pharmaceutical Science, AXIS, Clinical Care Options, Doc Congress, EPG Health, Harborside Nexus, I3 Health, Imedex, Liberum, Med Learning, Medendi, Medscape, MedTalks, MJH Life Sciences, MORE H.

A、 ；已获得基金会医学，GSK，Pharmamar，Taiho和Teva的机构资助；拥有Membrace和Treeline的股权；拥有selpercatinib osimertinib的版权（待定，美国18/041617）；已收到UpToDate和Wolters Kluwer的版税；获得了勃林格殷格翰、默克和彪马的食品/饮料支持；并从CME，应用药学，AXIS，临床护理选项，Doc Congress，EPG Health，Harborside Nexus，I3 Health，Imedex，Liberum，Med Learning，Medendi，Medscape，MedTalks，MJH Life Sciences，MORE H的答案中获得了与继续医学教育相关的荣誉。

Additional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Rights and permissionsReprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleBanerjee, S., Booth, C.M., Bruera, E. et al. Two decades of advances in clinical oncology — lessons learned and future directions..

Additional informationPublisher的注释Springer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。权利和许可打印和许可本文引用本文Banerjee，S.，Booth，C.M.，Bruera，E。等人。临床肿瘤学二十年的进展-经验教训和未来方向。。

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