健康老龄化和口腔健康：优先事项、政策和公共卫生-动脉网

Healthy ageing and oral health: priority, policy and public health

Nature 等信源发布 2024-10-09 12:40

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AbstractThe global population ageing, and the pace of ageing is accelerating. Although people are living longer, these additional years are not being gained in health, and disability, chronic and long-term conditions increase with age. In response to the challenges of an ageing population, the United Nations and World Health Organisation declared 2021–2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, with the purpose of collaborative action to foster longer and healthier lives.

摘要全球人口老龄化，老龄化的步伐正在加快。虽然人们寿命更长，但这些额外的年数并没有在健康方面获得，残疾，慢性和长期疾病随着年龄的增长而增加。为了应对人口老龄化的挑战，联合国和世界卫生组织宣布2021-2030年为健康老龄化十年，旨在采取合作行动，促进更长、更健康的生活。

This review explores the WHO public health framework for healthy ageing and global trends and policies, using the UK as an example of policy implementation. In response to the urgent need to consider the impact of ageing on oral health and oral healthcare systems, an integrated model for healthy ageing and oral health is proposed..

本次审查以英国为例，探讨了世卫组织健康老龄化公共卫生框架以及全球趋势和政策。。。

BackgroundThe global population is ageing, and the pace of population ageing is accelerating. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2022 Health and Ageing Report, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or over by 2030; this represents a predicted increase from 1 billion in 2020 to 1.4 billion [1].

背景全球人口老龄化，人口老龄化步伐加快。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）2022年健康与老龄化报告，到2030年，世界上六分之一的人将达到60岁或以上；这意味着预计将从2020年的10亿增加到14亿（1）。

Looking further ahead, by 2050 the United Nations (UN) predicts the global population of people aged 60 years and older to double to 2.1 billion, and the number of people aged 80 years or older triple to 426 million [2].There are challenges in how an ‘older person’ is defined. First, ageing is a complex process associated with biological, social and psychological changes, often presenting in an unsynchronised order, and significant heterogeneity in the needs of an ageing the population.

展望未来，联合国（UN）预测，到2050年，全球60岁及以上人口将翻一番，达到21亿，80岁及以上人口将翻三番，达到4.26亿。如何定义“老年人”存在挑战。首先，老龄化是一个复杂的过程，与生物，社会和心理变化有关，通常呈现不同步的顺序，以及人口老龄化需求的显着异质性。

Second, is chronological age; although the WHO [1], and UN [2], consider an older person to be over the age of 60 years, in many countries, context specific thresholds have been adopted, and ageing can only be vaguely linked to persons age in years. In the United Kingdom, for example, an older person has traditionally been defined as someone aged 65 years and over as this was the state retirement age, but with increasing life expectancy and changes to the retirement age, definitions are being reconsidered [3].

二是年代；虽然世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国（UN）认为老年人年龄超过60岁，但在许多国家，已经采用了特定背景的阈值，而老龄化只能与年龄模糊相关。例如，在英国，老年人传统上被定义为65岁及以上的人，因为这是国家退休年龄，但随着预期寿命的增加和退休年龄的变化，定义正在重新考虑。

This includes consideration of ‘young old’ (65–74 years), ‘middle old’ (75–84 years) and ‘oldest old’ people ( ≥ 85 years) [4, 5].Undoubtedly, population ageing can be viewed as a marker of improving health and successfully living longer. Starting in high income countries, such as Japan, where one third of the population is already aged over 60 years, now, every country in the world is experiencing growth in both the size and the proportion of older persons in the pop.

这包括考虑“年轻人”（65-74岁），“中年人”（75-84岁）和“老年人”（85岁以上）[4,5]。毫无疑问，人口老龄化可以被视为改善健康和成功延长寿命的标志。从日本等高收入国家开始，三分之一的人口已经超过60岁，现在世界上每个国家的人口规模和老年人口比例都在增长。

A functionally independent older person can function independently although they have some chronic diseases.

功能独立的老年人虽然患有一些慢性病，但可以独立发挥功能。

A frail older person needs some assistance and may be living independently or in a care setting.

体弱的老年人需要一些帮助，可能独立生活或在护理环境中。

A functionally dependent older person who needs assistance and will be living in a care setting.

需要帮助并将生活在护理环境中的功能依赖性老年人。

The WHO introduces two core components that influence and impact an individual’s ageing journey; these are their intrinsic capacity and their environment [1]. They suggest that the interplay of these two elements determines a person’s functional ability [1].An individual’s intrinsic capacity is based on all the physical and mental capacities that a person can draw on.

世卫组织介绍了两个影响和影响个人衰老历程的核心组成部分；这些是它们的内在能力和环境〔1〕。他们认为，这两个因素的相互作用决定了一个人的功能能力。一个人的内在能力是基于一个人可以利用的所有身体和心理能力。

These may include a person’s mobility, hearing, vision, cognition, and psychological capacity. Building robust and resilient intrinsic capacity throughout one’s life is an essential part of healthy ageing. However, factors such as diseases or changes in psychological function can have profound effects and so a reserve of capacity is needed over the life course to ‘cope’ with age related changes.The environment where people live inevitably shapes their lives to enable, or prohibit, an older person’s opportunity to undertake activities as they desire.

这些可能包括一个人的流动性，听力，视力，认知和心理能力。在一生中建立强大而有弹性的内在能力是健康老龄化的重要组成部分。然而，疾病或心理功能变化等因素可能会产生深远的影响，因此在整个生命过程中需要储备能力来“应对”与年龄相关的变化。人们生活的环境不可避免地会影响他们的生活，使老年人有机会或禁止老年人按自己的意愿进行活动。

This environment may be their home, community, or broader society, and all the factors within them, such as emotional support, attitudes, systems and services and technology, which can act as either barriers or facilitators [1].When considered together, the environment and intrinsic capacity both determine a person’s ability to function to do what they value, i.e., their functional ability.

这种环境可能是他们的家、社区或更广泛的社会，以及他们内部的所有因素，如情感支持、态度、系统和服务以及技术，这些因素既可以作为障碍，也可以作为促进者。当综合考虑时，环境和内在能力都决定了一个人的能力，即他们的功能能力。

This includes meeting their basic physical, social, and psychological needs, having purpose and contributing to society, building relationships, and having the opportunity to learn, grow and make decisions.Figure 2 demonstrates the interplay between health systems, longer term care and the environment to optimise personal functional ability through ageing:Fig.

这包括满足他们基本的身体、社会和心理需求，有目标并为社会做出贡献，建立关系，以及有机会学习、成长和做出决定。图2展示了卫生系统，长期护理和环境之间的相互作用，以通过衰老优化个人功能能力：图。

2: Trajectories of WHO healthy ageing to maximise functional ability.Reproduced from World Health Organisation, Deca.

2：。转载自世界卫生组织，Deca。

Data availability

数据可用性

Not applicable.

不适用。

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作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethics declaration

道德宣言

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Jennifer E. Gallagher serves as an Editorial Board Member on BDJ Open. Ethical approval was not required as this is a review.

作者声明他们没有相互竞争的利益。詹妮弗·加拉赫（JenniferE.Gallagher）是BDJ公开赛的编委会成员。不需要道德批准，因为这是一项审查。

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Additional informationPublisher的注释Springer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。权限和权限

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

开放获取本文是根据知识共享署名4.0国际许可证授权的，该许可证允许以任何媒体或格式使用，共享，改编，分发和复制，只要您对原始作者和来源给予适当的信任，提供知识共享许可证的链接，并指出是否进行了更改。

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/..

要查看此许可证的副本，请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/..

Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articlePatel, R., Gallagher, J.E. Healthy ageing and oral health: priority, policy and public health.

转载和许可本文引用本文Patel，R.，Gallagher，J.E。健康老龄化和口腔健康：优先，政策和公共卫生。

BDJ Open 10, 79 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00262-zDownload citationReceived: 17 May 2024Revised: 12 August 2024Accepted: 13 August 2024Published: 09 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00262-zShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

BDJ公开赛10，79（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00262-zDownload引文收到日期：2024年5月17日修订日期：2024年8月12日接受日期：2024年8月13日发布日期：2024年10月9日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00262-zShare本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。。

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