AbstractTriglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a novel biomarker for detecting insulin resistance (IR) and has been proven to be associated with various diseases. However, its correlation with the prognosis of severe sepsis remains unraveled. This retrospective cohort study utilized patient records from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV, version 2.2) to examine the outcomes of patients with sepsis.

摘要甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数已成为检测胰岛素抵抗（IR）的新型生物标志物，并已被证明与各种疾病有关。然而，它与严重脓毒症预后的相关性仍不清楚。这项回顾性队列研究利用了重症监护医学信息集市（MIMIC-IV，版本2.2）的患者记录来检查败血症患者的预后。

The primary outcomes were hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. The correlation between the TyG index and outcomes was evaluated through the Kaplan-Meier method, the Log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis was employed to delve into the nonlinear relationship between baseline TyG index and outcomes, with trend significance assessed through quartile levels.

主要结果是医院死亡率和重症监护病房（ICU）死亡率。通过Kaplan-Meier方法，对数秩检验以及单变量和多变量Cox回归分析评估TyG指数与结果之间的相关性。此外，采用限制性三次样条（RCS）回归分析来深入研究基线TyG指数与结果之间的非线性关系，并通过四分位数水平评估趋势显着性。

Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the consistency of the TyG index’s prognostic value across various influencing factors. The study included 1,742 patients with sepsis requiring intensive care. The in-hospital mortality rate was 19.75% (344/1,742), and the ICU mortality rate was 14.75% (257/1,742).

进行亚组分析以评估TyG指数在各种影响因素中预后价值的一致性。该研究包括1742名需要重症监护的败血症患者。院内死亡率为19.75%（344/1742），ICU死亡率为14.75%（257/1742）。

Cox regression analysis revealed that, in comparison to the first quartile (Q1), patients in the fourth quartile (Q4) had a 63% higher risk of in-hospital mortality (HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.22 to 2.18], P < 0.01) and a 79% higher risk of ICU mortality (HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.28 to 2.51], P < 0.001). Model 3 showed that ICU mortality risks for Q4, Q3, and Q2 were 240%, 75%, and 33% higher, respectively (HR 3.40 [95% CI 2.24 to 5.16], P < 0.001; HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.16 to 2.63], P = 0.007; HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.20 to 1.53], P < 0.001).

Cox回归分析显示，与第一个四分位数（Q1）相比，第四个四分位数（Q4）的患者住院死亡风险高63%（HR 1.63[95%CI 1.22-2.18]，P<0.01），ICU死亡风险高79%（HR 1.79[95%CI 1.28-2.51]，P<0.001）。模型3显示，第四季度，第三季度和第二季度的ICU死亡风险分别高出240%，75%和33%（HR 3.40[95%CI 2.24-5.16]，P<0.001；HR 1.75[95%可信区间1.16-2.63]，P=0.007；HR 1.33[95%可信区间1.20-1.53]，P<0.001）。

RCS regression analysis identified a nonlinear associat.

RCS回归分析确定了一个非线性关联。

BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an imbalance in the body’s response to infection. The incidence of blood glucose metabolism disorder is relatively high in sepsis patients, and its pathophysiology is that when the body is infected, a large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators is released, leading to peripheral insulin resistance1.

背景脓毒症是一种威胁生命的器官功能障碍，由身体对感染的反应不平衡引起。脓毒症患者血糖代谢紊乱的发生率相对较高，其病理生理学是当身体被感染时，释放出大量促炎介质，导致外周胰岛素抵抗1。

This is typically manifested as hyperglycemia and increased glycemic variability (GV)2. Despite plenty of studies3,4,5 elucidating the mechanisms of glucose metabolism disorders, the interplay between overall blood glucose and GV remains unclear. Early studies6,7 demonstrated that infection and inflammation can lead to significant changes in lipids and lipoproteins, resulting in a decrease in lipid and lipoprotein levels in sepsis patients.

这通常表现为高血糖和血糖变异性（GV）增加2。尽管有大量研究3,4,5阐明了葡萄糖代谢紊乱的机制，但总体血糖与GV之间的相互作用仍不清楚。早期研究[6,7]表明，感染和炎症可导致脂质和脂蛋白的显着变化，导致脓毒症患者脂质和脂蛋白水平降低。

Lower baseline lipid levels are correlated with an increased risk of sepsis and poorer prognosis8. It has been proved that9 decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are linked to higher mortality in sepsis patients, though its use as a prognostic marker remains debated. At present, the pathological and physiological mechanisms by which blood lipids affect the prognosis of sepsis patients are not well understood, and whether various lipoproteins can serve as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sepsis and renal dysfunction has not been investigated.With the extensive research on insulin sensitivity parameters, several simple insulin sensitivity parameters that can be applied clinically and accurately reflect patients’ insulin sensitivity have gradually been validated, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is one of them10.

较低的基线血脂水平与败血症风险增加和预后较差相关8。已经证明，血浆甘油三酯（TG）水平降低与脓毒症患者死亡率较高有关，尽管其作为预后标志物的用途仍存在争议。目前，血脂影响脓毒症患者预后的病理生理机制尚不清楚，各种脂蛋白是否可以作为脓毒症和肾功能不全的预测生物标志物和治疗靶点尚未被研究。随着对胰岛素敏感性参数的广泛研究，可以临床应用并准确反映患者胰岛素敏感性的几个简单的胰岛素敏感性参数逐渐得到验证，甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数就是其中之一。

The TyG index is positively correlated with contrast-induced nephropathy, risk of ischemic stroke11, and severity and prognosis of corona.

TyG指数与造影剂肾病，缺血性卒中风险11以及冠状动脉的严重程度和预后呈正相关。

Data availability

数据可用性

Raw data supporting the obtained results are available at the corresponding author.

支持所获得结果的原始数据可在通讯作者处获得。

AbbreviationsICU:

ICU缩写：

Intensive care units

重症监护室

TG:

甘油三酯：

Triglyceride

甘油三酯

HDL-C:

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇：

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇

BMI:

体重指数：

Body Mass Index

体重指数

TyG:

面料：

Triglyceride-lucose

甘油三酯葡萄糖

MIMIC-IV:

模拟IV：

Medical information mart for intensive care IV

SOFA:

沙发：

Sequential organ failure assessment

序贯器官衰竭评估

RCS:

RCS：

Restricted cubic splines

受限三次样条

COPD:

慢性阻塞性肺疾病：

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病

CKD:

CKD公司：

Chronic kidney disease

慢性肾脏疾病

HR:

人力资源部：

Hazard risk

危害风险

CI:

CI公司：

Confidence interval

置信区间

HF:

高频：

Heart failure

心力衰竭

HT:

HT（高温）：

Hypertension

高血压

DM2:

DM2：

Diabetes mellitus type 2

2型糖尿病

OASIS:

绿洲：

Oxford acute severity of illness score

牛津急性疾病严重程度评分

SAPS II:

SAPS II：

Simplified acute physiology score II

简化急性生理评分II

WBC:

白细胞：

White blood cell

白细胞

Rbc:

红细胞：

Red blood cell

红细胞

RDW:

RDW：

Red blood cell distribution width. AKI, acute kidney injury

红细胞分布宽度。AKI，急性肾损伤

CRRT:

CRRT：

Continuous renal replacement therapy

连续性肾脏替代疗法

HLP:

HLP：

Hyperlipidemia

高脂血症

TB:

结核病：

Tuberculosis

结核病

arf:

arf：

acute renal failure

急性肾衰竭

MT:

磁粉检测：

Malignant tumor

恶性肿瘤

MI:

MI公司：

Myocardial infarction

心肌梗塞

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Laudanski，K。脓毒症后脂蛋白和胆固醇改变的持续存在：对动脉粥样硬化进展的影响。Int.J.Mol.Sci。22（19），10517。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910517（2021年）。文章

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsNot applicable.FundingThis work was supported by the HwaMei Research Foundation of Ningbo No.2 Hospital (Grant No.2022HMKY48 and No.2023HMZD07), Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.2023RC081), the Project of NINGBO Leading Medical & Health Discipline (Project No.: 2022-F17), and the Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program (No.2023030615).

下载参考确认不适用。资助这项工作得到了宁波市第二医院华美研究基金（批准号2022HMKY48和2023HMZD07），浙江省医学科学研究基金（批准号2023RC081），宁波市领先医学与卫生学科项目（项目编号：2022-F17）和宁波市顶级医学与卫生研究计划（编号2023030615）的支持。

Funders played no role in the study design, execution, or manuscript writing.Author informationAuthor notesJiaqi Lou, Ziyi Xiang and Xiaoyu Zhu contributed equally to this work.Authors and AffiliationsBurn Department, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, No. 41 Northwest Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, ChinaJiaqi Lou, Youfen Fan, Shengyong Cui, Jiliang Li, Guoying Jin & Neng HuangSection of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, GermanyZiyi XiangHealth Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaXiaoyu ZhuSchool of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaJingyao SongAuthorsJiaqi LouView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

资助者在研究设计，执行或手稿撰写中没有任何作用。作者信息作者注贾启楼，子怡祥和朱晓宇对这项工作做出了同样的贡献。作者和所属单位宁波市海曙区西北街41号宁波第二医院伯恩科，浙江省宁波市315010，中国贾启楼，范有芬，崔生勇，李吉良，金国英和黄能波恩大学医学院精神病学和心理治疗系医学心理学系，53127，波恩，德国宁波大学子怡祥健康科学中心，宁波，浙江省宁波市，中国浙江省温州市温州医科大学心理健康学院，浙江省温州市，中国井瑶宋家琪观点作者出版物您也可以在中搜索此作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJQ L, ZY X and XY Z contributed equally to this work. JQ L and N H designed and conceptualized the study. JQ L, ZY X, XY Z, JY S, JL L, SY C and GY J completed the record retrieval and data extraction. Mathematical modeling and meta-analysis were conducted with the help of YF F and JY S.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献SJQ L，ZY X和XY Z对这项工作做出了同样的贡献。JQ L和N H设计并概念化了这项研究。JQ L，ZY X，XY Z，JY S，JL L，SY C和GY J完成了记录检索和数据提取。在YF F和JY S的帮助下进行了数学建模和荟萃分析。

The original draft was written by JQ L, ZY X and XY Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

原稿由JQ L，ZY X和XY Z撰写。所有作者均已阅读并同意手稿的发布版本。对应作者对应。

Neng Huang.Ethics declarations

黄能。道德宣言

Ethics approval and consent to participate

道德批准和同意参与

This study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Furthermore, it is important to note that the MIMIC-IV database received approval from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The copies of the datasets used in this study are available from the MIMIC database.

这项研究遵循了《赫尔辛基宣言》中概述的原则。此外，值得注意的是，MIMIC-IV数据库已获得麻省理工学院和贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的批准。本研究中使用的数据集的副本可从MIMIC数据库获得。

Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the need of informed consent was waived by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Ningbo No.2 Hospital..

由于该研究具有回顾性，宁波第二医院人类研究伦理委员会放弃了知情同意的需要。。

Consent for publication

同意出版

Not applicable.

不适用。

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

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开放获取本文是根据知识共享署名非商业性NoDerivatives 4.0国际许可证授权的，该许可证允许以任何媒介或格式进行任何非商业性使用，共享，分发和复制，只要您对原始作者和来源给予适当的信任，提供知识共享许可证的链接，并指出您是否修改了许可材料。

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To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/..

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleLou, J., Xiang, Z., Zhu, X. et al. A retrospective study utilized MIMIC-IV database to explore the potential association between triglyceride-glucose index and mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.

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Sci Rep 14, 24081 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75050-8Download citationReceived: 26 July 2024Accepted: 01 October 2024Published: 15 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75050-8Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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KeywordsIntensive care unitMIMICMortalitySepsisTriglyceride glucose index

关键词重症监护病房死亡率胰岛素甘油酯葡萄糖指数