AbstractThis experimental study aimed to elucidate the optimal colchicine concentration for inducing polyploidy and to examine the morphological effects on Nigella sativa L. (family Ranunculaceae) plants recognized as ‘Kalonji’ in India. Here, seeds were exposed with different concentration of colchicine ranging from 0.025 to 0.4% with varying time duration (24–48 h).

摘要本实验研究旨在阐明诱导多倍体的最佳秋水仙碱浓度，并研究其对印度被认为是“卡隆吉”的黑种草（毛茛科）植物的形态学影响。在这里，种子暴露于不同浓度的秋水仙碱，范围从0.025%到0.4%，持续时间不同（24-48小时）。

The agro-morphological attributes and chromosome counts of the putative polyploids were compared with control diploid plants, revealing significant differences. The ploidy level determined by chromosome counts revealed that 0.05–0.1% concentration of colchicine induced tetraploids within both plant genotypes for 24 h and 48 h.

将推定的多倍体的农业形态学属性和染色体计数与对照二倍体植物进行比较，发现显着差异。通过染色体计数确定的倍性水平表明，在两种植物基因型中，0.05–0.1%浓度的秋水仙碱诱导了24小时和48小时的四倍体。

However, results based on agro-morphological trait correlation analysis revealed more significant association among yield traits at 0.1% concentration and the principal component analysis revealed that the maximum possible ameliorative effect of the colchicine dose was the lowest concentration (0.025% for a 48-hour exposure time) for the AN1 genotype; likewise, a 0.05% concentration established a more positive association in terms of growth and yield attributes for the AN20 genotype.

然而，基于农业形态性状相关性分析的结果显示，在0.1%浓度下，产量性状之间存在更显着的相关性，主成分分析显示秋水仙碱剂量的最大可能改善作用是AN1基因型的最低浓度（48小时暴露时间为0.025%）；同样，0.05%的浓度在AN20基因型的生长和产量属性方面建立了更积极的关联。

This study demonstrated that low dosages (0.025% and 0.1%) strongly impact plant growth and yield, whereas higher dosages obliterate these positive effects and add destructive characteristics within plants which ultimately reduces yield..

这项研究表明，低剂量（0.025%和0.1%）强烈影响植物的生长和产量，而较高剂量会消除这些积极影响，并增加植物内部的破坏性特征，最终降低产量。。

IntroductionNigella sativa L. (Kalonji) is an important commercial minor seed spice crop that is cultivated in few regions of India. Its distribution expanded from the Mediterranean region through West Asia to the North Indian region. Many tropical and subtropical countries that cultivate Nigella are India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, southern Europe, Syria and Sri Lanka1.

引言Nigella sativa L.（Kalonji）是一种重要的商业小型种子香料作物，在印度少数地区种植。其分布范围从地中海地区通过西亚扩展到北印度地区。许多种植尼日利亚的热带和亚热带国家是印度、孟加拉国、巴基斯坦、埃及、伊拉克、尼泊尔、沙特阿拉伯、土耳其、南欧、叙利亚和斯里兰卡。

India is the world’s largest global producer of Nigella, even though its cultivation is limited to a few states, such as Punjab, Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Gangetic Plains, Himachal Pradesh, and Maharashtra2. The genus Nigella comprises approximately 20 species of annual herbs worldwide. However, the only species Nigella sativa is widely popular as an edible species consumed in the form of seeds and as oil worldwide.

印度是世界上最大的尼日利亚生产国，尽管其种植仅限于旁遮普、阿萨姆邦、孟加拉、比哈尔邦、恒河平原、喜马偕尔邦和马哈拉施特拉邦等少数几个州。黑种草属在世界范围内约有20种一年生草本植物。然而，唯一的物种Nigella sativa作为一种食用物种在世界范围内以种子和油的形式消费而广受欢迎。

It has a very appealing primitive flower characterized by a colorful bluish white petalloid sepals and small suppressed petals. Its fruit is a capsule, which is the outcome of a superior semicarpous ovary that contains multiple black-colored seeds.The seeds of Nigella species are aromatic, and their oil has a strong pungent odor, which is very peculiar to this plant.

它有一种非常吸引人的原始花，其特征是彩色的蓝白色花瓣状萼片和小的抑制花瓣。它的果实是一个蒴果，它是上半心皮子房的产物，子房含有多个黑色种子。黑种草的种子很芳香，它们的油有强烈的刺鼻气味，这是这种植物所特有的。

Along with its wild species found in India, Nigella sativa has been widely used as a condiment and spice since ancient times in pickles as well as in curry as a panchforan and also for the treatment of various diseases3 and infections, such as asthma, bronchitis, headache, rheumatism, paralysis, inflammation, and hypertension, very traditionally4.

除了在印度发现的野生物种外，自古以来，Nigella sativa就被广泛用作泡菜和咖喱中的调味品和调味品，作为一种煎饼，也被用于治疗各种疾病和感染，如哮喘，支气管炎，头痛，风湿，瘫痪，炎症和高血压，非常传统4。

It is an annual flowering herb that is a combination of various potential enduring properties, such as spice, condiment, seasoning, and flavoring agents. Its oil possesses numerous therapeutic properties5, such as nutritional, healthical, neutraceutica.

它是一种一年生开花草本植物，是各种潜在持久特性的组合，例如香料，调味品，调味品和调味剂。它的油具有许多治疗特性5，例如营养，保健，中性。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

本研究期间分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe first author gratefully acknowledges the support provided by Director, National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India for facilitating the required amount of Nigella sativa genotype seeds and IMD (Indian Meteorological Department), BHU, Varanasi for providing meteorological data during research period.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsLaboratory of Cytogenetics, Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaShweta Verma, Manisha Hariwal & Sanjay KumarAuthorsShweta VermaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢第一作者非常感谢印度拉贾斯坦邦Ajmer国家种子香料研究中心主任提供的支持，以促进所需数量的Nigella sativa基因型种子和瓦拉纳西州BHU IMD（印度气象局）在研究期间提供气象数据。作者信息作者和附属机构巴纳拉斯印度教大学科学研究所植物学高级研究中心细胞遗传学实验室，瓦拉纳西，印度维塔维玛，马尼沙·哈里瓦尔和桑杰·库马拉·奥瑟斯维塔·维玛查看作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarManisha HariwalView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarManisha HariwalView作者出版物您也可以在

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PubMed Google ScholarContributions1st author i.e. SV, designed the experiment, collected the data, prepared all the figures & tables and also wrote the whole manuscript. All authors SV, MH and SK read and reviewed the whole manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to

PubMed谷歌学术贡献第一作者即SV设计了实验，收集了数据，准备了所有的图表，并撰写了整个手稿。所有作者SV，MH和SK都阅读并审阅了整个手稿。对应作者对应

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleVerma, S., Hariwal, M. & Kumar, S. Exploratory analysis of agro-morphological characteristics in Nigella sativa L. plant genotypes to determine mutagen colchicine ameliorative/ non-ameliorative impacts.

转载和许可本文引用本文Verma，S.，Hariwal，M。＆Kumar，S。对Nigella sativa L.植物基因型的农业形态特征进行探索性分析，以确定诱变剂秋水仙碱的改善/非改善作用。

Sci Rep 14, 24521 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75755-wDownload citationReceived: 08 May 2024Accepted: 08 October 2024Published: 18 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75755-wShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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Keywords

关键词

Nigella sativa

黑种草

RanunculaceaeColchicinePolyploidsChromosome count

毛茛科多倍体染色体计数