AbstractThis retrospective study used cone-beam computed tomography to investigated the crown-root morphology and alveolar bone structure in incisors region in subjects with closed deep overbite and comparison the difference between gender and age. The CBCT images for 40 subjects (group C) with Angle II division 2 were selected from patients of the HeFei Stomatological Hospital from November 2023 to March 2024.20 individual normal occlusion subjects (group A),20 patients with Angle II division 1(group B) were included.

摘要这项回顾性研究使用锥形束计算机断层扫描技术研究了闭合性深覆牙合患者切牙区的冠根形态和牙槽骨结构，并比较了性别和年龄之间的差异。从2023年11月至2024年3月合肥市口腔医院的患者中选择40名患有Angle II division 2的受试者（C组）的CBCT图像。包括20名个体正常咬合受试者（A组），20名Angle II division 1患者（B组）。

The crown-root ratio of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, crown-root angle and alveolar bone structure were measured on the CBCT images, the data were statistically analyzed. In addition to mandibular lateral incisor, the crown-root ratio of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the Class II division 2 group was higher than that in the individual normal occlusion group and the Class II division 1 (P < 0.

在CBCT图像上测量上颌和下颌前牙的冠根比，冠根角和牙槽骨结构，并对数据进行统计学分析。除下颌侧切牙外，II类2组上颌和下颌前牙的冠根比高于个体正常牙合组和II类1组（P<0.05）。

05). The crown-root angle of maxillary anterior teeth in the Class II division 2 group was smaller than that in the individual normal occlusion group and the Class II division 1 (P < 0. 05). The alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary central incisor was comparatively smaller, while the alveolar bone height was relatively higher in the Class II division 2 group.

0.05）。Ⅱ类2分类组上颌前牙冠根角小于个体正常牙合组和Ⅱ类1分类组（P＜0.05）。。

Age and gender were associated with change in root lengths and crown-root angle for the Class II division 2 group (P < 0. 05). Patients with closed deep overbite malocclusion exhibit a significant difference compared to the controls for most measurements. The patients presenting with Class II division 2 malocclusion exhibit excessive inward positioning of the anterior teeth, resulting in evident crown-root angle, a large crown-root ratio, and minimal labial alveolar bone.

年龄和性别与II类2组的根长和冠根角的变化有关（P<0.05）。对于大多数测量，闭合性深覆（牙合）错（牙合）患者与对照组相比表现出显着差异。患有II类2分类错牙合的患者表现出前牙过度向内定位，导致明显的冠根角，较大的冠根比和最小的唇牙槽骨。

In order.

按顺序。

BackgroundsClosed deep overbite with anterior teeth malocclusion is usually characterized by deep overbite, shallow overjet, and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Due to the lower jawbone is forced to be in a distal position, molars presented a distal relationship. The clinical manifestations are often Class II division 2 malocclusion1.

背景闭合性深覆牙合伴前牙错（牙合）通常以深覆牙合，浅覆牙合和上颌切牙后倾为特征。由于下颌骨被迫处于远端位置，磨牙呈现远端关系。临床表现通常为II类2分类错牙合1。

Class II division 2 malocclusion will affect patient’s facial aesthetics, masticatory efficiency, and psychological well-being. Due to the occlusion of the anterior teeth, there are interference of mandibular protrusion and lateral occlusion, thereby impacting mandibular movement, disrupting muscle balance and adjustment, ultimately leading to changes in condylar position2.

II类2分类错牙合会影响患者的面部美学，咀嚼效率和心理健康。由于前牙的咬合，下颌前突和侧向咬合受到干扰，从而影响下颌运动，破坏肌肉平衡和调节，最终导致髁突位置的改变2。

Consequently, a variety of symptoms associated with functional disorders of temporomandibular disorders manifest3. The impact of occlusal factors on the occurrence of temporomandibular joint disorders remains uncertain, but posing a challenge for orthodontists when treating malocclusions in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders4.

因此，与颞下颌关节紊乱病功能障碍相关的各种症状表现出来3。咬合因素对颞下颌关节紊乱病发生的影响仍不确定，但在治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的错牙合时，对正畸医生提出了挑战4。

On the other hand, upper and lower incisors are usually excessively lingually inclined and accompanied by severe deep overbite. The lingual surface of the maxillary incisor is in close proximity to the labial surface of the mandibular incisor. In severe cases, the lower incisor was bitten on the palatal gingival mucosa of the maxillary incisor, which can lead to occlusal forces that surpass the adaptive capacity of both teeth and periodontal tissues, and this condition leads to significant abnormal tooth attrition、 elicits symptoms in the pulp5,6 and loss of periodontal supporting tissue7,8.The management of Class II division 2 malocclusion in orthodontic treatment is widely acknowledged as challenging and susceptible to rel.

另一方面，上下切牙通常过度倾斜，并伴有严重的深覆牙合。上颌切牙的舌侧表面与下颌切牙的唇侧表面非常接近。在严重的情况下，下切牙被上颌切牙的腭牙龈粘膜咬伤，这可能导致咬合力超过牙齿和牙周组织的适应能力，这种情况导致明显的异常牙齿磨损，引起牙髓症状5,6和牙周支持组织的丧失7,8。正畸治疗中II类2分类错牙合的管理被广泛认为是具有挑战性的，并且容易受到rel的影响。

The roots of the anterior teeth were shorter in the Class II division 2 group, in addition to mandibular lateral incisor. The patients with the anterior close deep bite occlusion should be regarded as having shortened roots and unfavorable crown-to-root ratios. The treatment plan and magnitude of anterior teeth movement should be reasonably designed based on the crown-root ratio characteristics observed in Class II division 2 patients..

除下颌侧切牙外，II类2组的前牙根较短。前牙闭合性深咬合的患者应被视为牙根缩短，冠根比不利。应根据II类2分类患者观察到的冠根比特征，合理设计治疗计划和前牙移动幅度。。

In Class II division 2 group, the C/R ratios of female patients were significantly higher than male patients for maxillary central incisor. Simultaneously, the C/R ratios of adult patients was increased in the central incisor and mandibular canines.

在II类2分类组中，上颌中切牙女性患者的C/R比显着高于男性患者。同时，中切牙和下颌犬齿中成年患者的C/R比增加。

The crown-root ratio in adult female patients should be carefully monitored during orthodontic treatment, with a focus on minimizing stress on the apical region.

在正畸治疗期间，应仔细监测成年女性患者的冠根比，重点是最大程度地减少根尖区域的压力。

The Class II division 2 group exhibited a significantly smaller crown-root angle compared to patients with other types of malocclusions. The males’ sample exhibited significantly smaller values of crown-root angle in the Class II division 2 group compared to the females. The presence of a crown-root angle affects the expression of torque, and the torque of the appliance may be difficult to fully express, thereby affecting the tilting movement of the teeth and limiting the labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth..

与其他类型的错（牙合）患者相比，II类2分类组的冠根角明显较小。。牙冠根角的存在会影响扭矩的表达，并且矫治器的扭矩可能难以完全表达，从而影响牙齿的倾斜运动并限制上前牙的唇倾角。。

Significant difference was found on alveolar bone structure among different malocclusion groups. The alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary central incisor was smaller and alveolar bone height was higher in the Class II division 2 group.

不同错（牙合）组牙槽骨结构差异有统计学意义。II类2组上颌中切牙的牙槽骨厚度较小，牙槽骨高度较高。

The height of the labial alveolar bone in the upper anterior region of Angle Class II division 2 malocclusion is reduced, accompanied by thinning of the alveolar bone and evident bone resorption. Inadequate control of torque may increase the risk of bone dehiscence, fenestration, and gingival recession once an alveolar bone defect occurs..

安氏II类2分类错（牙合）上前区唇牙槽骨的高度降低，伴有牙槽骨变薄和明显的骨吸收。一旦发生牙槽骨缺损，扭矩控制不当可能会增加骨开裂，开窗和牙龈退缩的风险。。

Data availability

数据可用性

Data is provided within the manuscript and supplementary information. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

数据在手稿和补充信息中提供。本研究中使用和/或分析的数据集可根据合理要求从通讯作者处获得。

AbbreviationsCBCT:

缩写CBCT：

Cone-beam computed tomography

锥形束计算机断层扫描

CRR, C/R ratio:

CRR、C/R比率：

Crown-root ratio

冠根比

CL:

CL编号：

Crown length

路拱长度

RL:

RL（右）：

Root length

CRA:

CRA：

Crown-root angle

冠根角

CEJ:

CEJ：

Cementoenamel junction

水泥石结

ACH:

Alveolar bone crest height

牙槽骨嵴高度

ABT:

ABT：

Alveolar bone thickness

牙槽骨厚度

SRA:

SRA：

Short Root Anomaly

短根异常

ALARA principle:

ALARA原则：

As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle

尽可能低的合理可行原则

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsNot applicable.FundingReceived funding from 2023 Hefei City Health Planning Commission Applied Medical Research Project(Hwk2023zd019)、2022 Key Research and Development Program Projects in Anhui Province (2022e07020059)、2021 Hefei key common technology research and development and major scientific and technological achievements engineering project (2021YL008)、2021 Anhui Medical University Research Fund Project (2021xkj250).Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsHefei Stomatology Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, ChinaChenxin Tang & Shuang HanThe Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, ChinaChenxin Tang & Shuang HanHeFei Stomatological Hospital, Hefei, 230001, ChinaChenxin Tang, Shuang Han, Shusi Wang, Xiaojiao Wei & Hao ZhangSchool of Stomatology of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, ChinaXiaojiao WeiSchool of Stomatology of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, ChinaHao ZhangAuthorsChenxin TangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考确认不适用。资金来源于2023年合肥市卫生计划委员会应用医学研究项目（Hwk2023zd019）、2022年安徽省重点研究发展计划项目（2022E070059）、2021年合肥市重点共性技术研发和重大科技成果工程项目（2021YL008）、2021年安徽医科大学研究基金项目（2021xkj250）。作者信息作者和所属单位安徽医科大学合肥口腔医学临床学院，合肥，230001，中国陈心堂和双汉安徽医科大学第五临床学院，合肥，230001，中国陈心堂和双汉合肥口腔医院，合肥，230001，中国陈心堂，双汉，王舒思，魏晓娇和张浩皖南医学院口腔医学院，芜湖，241002，蚌埠医科大学中国小教卫校口腔医学院，蚌埠，233030，张浩作者陈心堂观点作者出版物您也可以在中搜索该作者。

PubMed Google ScholarShuang HanView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarShuang HanView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarShusi WangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarShusi WangView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarXiaojiao WeiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarXiaojiaoWeiview作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarHao ZhangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学者张浩查看作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsC.Tang—writing—original draft preparation, data acquisition, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation. S.Wang—data acquisition, formal analysis. X.Wei—formal analysis, writing—original draft preparation. H.Zhang—formal analysis, writing—original draft preparation.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献中心。唐写作原稿准备，数据采集，概念化，形式分析，方法论，验证。S、 王数据采集，形式分析。十、 魏正式分析，撰写原稿准备。H、 张正式分析，撰写原稿准备。

S.Han—Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

S、 韩文写作-评论与编辑，概念化，数据管理，正式分析，资金获取，方法论，项目管理。所有作者都阅读并批准了最终稿件。对应作者对应。

Shuang Han.Ethics declarations

双汉。道德宣言

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleTang, C., Han, S., Wang, S. et al. Evaluation of anterior teeth crown-root morphology and alveolar bone structure in patients with closed deep overbite using cone beam computed tomography.

转载和许可本文引用本文Tang，C.，Han，S.，Wang，S。等人使用锥形束计算机断层扫描评估闭合性深覆牙合患者的前牙牙冠根形态和牙槽骨结构。

Sci Rep 14, 24670 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75642-4Download citationReceived: 20 July 2024Accepted: 07 October 2024Published: 21 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75642-4Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

《科学报告》1424670（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75642-4Download引文接收日期：2024年7月20日接受日期：2024年10月7日发布日期：2024年10月21日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75642-4Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsCone-beam computed tomographyCrown-root angleCrown-root ratioAlveolar boneClosed deep overbite

关键词锥形束计算机断层扫描冠根角冠根比牙槽骨闭合深覆（牙合）