AbstractAccessory nerve (CNXI) has been known to be the primary conduit for motor control of the trapezius, while the supplementary cervical nerves (C3 and C4) are responsible for processing sensory information from muscle. However, the lack of substantial direct evidence has led to these conclusions being regarded as mere speculation.

摘要副神经（CNXI）是斜方肌运动控制的主要通道，而辅助颈神经（C3和C4）负责处理肌肉的感觉信息。然而，由于缺乏实质性的直接证据，这些结论被视为纯粹的推测。

This study used immunostaining (using antibodies against neurofilament 200 for all axons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic axons, tyrosine hydroxylase for sympathetic axons, and alpha 3 sodium potassium ATPase for proprioceptive afferent axons) of human samples to verify the functional contributions of nerves.

这项研究使用人类样本的免疫染色（使用针对所有轴突的神经丝200抗体，针对胆碱能轴突的胆碱乙酰转移酶，针对交感轴突的酪氨酸羟化酶和针对本体感受传入轴突的α3钠钾ATP酶）来验证神经的功能贡献。

Study highlights the pivotal role of C3 and C4 in regulating precise movements of trapezius, contributing to motor control, proprioceptive feedback, and sympathetic modulation. CNXI is composed primarily of somatic efferent fibers, with significant numbers of sympathetic or sensory fibers. Furthermore, C3-4 have both cholinergic and non-cholinergic axons, suggesting their involvement in proprioceptive feedback and somatic efferent functions.

这项研究强调了C3和C4在调节斜方肌精确运动中的关键作用，有助于运动控制，本体感受反馈和交感神经调节。CNXI主要由体细胞传出纤维组成，具有大量的交感神经或感觉纤维。此外，C3-4具有胆碱能和非胆碱能轴突，表明它们参与本体感受反馈和躯体传出功能。

Although less common, mechanosensors such as nociceptive sensor and sympathetic fibers are also supplied by these cervical nerves. The study demonstrated that these nerves contain motor fibers and significant proprioceptive and sympathetic axons, challenging the long-held notion that CNXI are motor and upper spinal nerves are sensory..

虽然不太常见，但这些颈神经也提供机械传感器，如伤害感受传感器和交感神经纤维。这项研究表明，这些神经含有运动纤维以及明显的本体感觉和交感轴突，挑战了长期以来认为CNXI是运动神经而上脊神经是感觉神经的观点。。

IntroductionThe accessory nerve, the 11th cranial nerve (CNXI), transmits nerve signals to the trapezius muscle in conjunction with the upper cervical spinal nerves1,2. The CNXI is considered to be primarily responsible for motor functions, while the supplementary cervical nerves are considered to be responsible for sensory information3,4.

引言副神经，即第11颅神经（CNXI），与上颈脊神经一起将神经信号传递给斜方肌1,2。CNXI被认为主要负责运动功能，而辅助颈神经被认为负责感觉信息3,4。

However, recent studies have indicated that the accessory nerves can also transmit sensory or afferent pain signals5,6,7,8. Conversely, there is an electrophysiological study that raises the possibility of a motor contribution of the cervical nerves to the trapezius muscle9.To understand muscle movement, elucidating the peripheral pathways that transmit sensory feedback from mechanoreceptors or proprioceptors is imperative10,11,12,13.

然而，最近的研究表明，副神经也可以传递感觉或传入疼痛信号5,6,7,8。相反，有一项电生理学研究提高了颈神经对斜方肌运动贡献的可能性9。为了了解肌肉运动，必须阐明从机械感受器或本体感受器传递感觉反馈的外周通路10,11,12,13。

Anatomically, mixed nerves provide pathways for both afferent and efferent axons to the same muscle, as demonstrated by the mandibular nerve, which contains efferent axons for the chewing muscles and afferent axons for tactile perception and proprioception. Traditionally, the term “motor nerve” has been defined as a bundle of efferent axons that trigger the release of acetylcholine from the motor endplate, resulting in muscle contraction.

解剖学上，混合神经为同一肌肉的传入和传出轴突提供了通路，如下颌神经所示，下颌神经包含咀嚼肌的传出轴突和触觉和本体感觉的传入轴突。。

The term “muscle nerve” or “nerve to muscle” is used to indicate a nerve that morphologically innervates a muscle, regardless of its component, however, this term and “motor nerve” are used interchangeably. However, Mioton et al.14 proposed that most motor nerves consist of both efferent and afferent axons that facilitate proprioception or mechanoreception for muscle movement control.

术语“肌肉神经”或“神经对肌肉”用于表示在形态上支配肌肉的神经，无论其成分如何，但是，该术语和“运动神经”可以互换使用。然而，Mioton等[14]提出，大多数运动神经由传出和传入轴突组成，这些轴突有助于本体感觉或机械感觉来控制肌肉运动。

If pure “motor nerves” exist, complementary sensory nerves must be involved in this process. For instance, the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve may transmit sensory information fro.

如果存在纯粹的“运动神经”，则必须在该过程中涉及互补的感觉神经。例如，三叉神经的感觉分支可以传递感觉信息。