AbstractCell motility increases the fitness of bacterial cells. Previous research focused on the transcriptional regulator CdsR, which represses cellular autolysis and promotes spore formation in Bacillus thuringiensis. However, the targets of CdsR are mostly unknown. Here, we reported a new function of CdsR in regulating cell motility.

摘要细胞运动增加了细菌细胞的适应性。先前的研究集中在转录调节因子CdsR上，它抑制细胞自溶并促进苏云金芽孢杆菌中孢子的形成。然而，CdsR的目标大多未知。。

Mutation of cdsR results in increase of cell mobility, and a number of related genes were upregulated compared to wild type HD73. Thus, we investigated the transcription of the fla/che gene cluster, which involves in cell mobility and comprises eight operons/genes, including motAB1, cheY-yrhK, lamB-cheR, yaaR-fliG2, cheV-mogR, hag1, hag2, and yjbJ-flgG.

cdsR突变导致细胞迁移率增加，与野生型HD73相比，许多相关基因被上调。因此，我们研究了涉及细胞迁移的fla/che基因簇的转录，该基因簇包含八个操纵子/基因，包括motAB1，cheY yrhK，lamB cheR，yaaR-fliG2，cheV-mogR，hag1，hag2和yjbJ flgG。

Additionally, the motAB2 operon was discovered, which consists of homologs genes motA2 and motB2 that are like motA1 and motB1. Through promoter-lacZ fusion assays and EMSA experiments, it was discovered that CdsR directly regulates the motAB1, cheY-yrhK, lamB-cheR, yaaR-fliG2, cheV-mogR, hag1, hag2, yjbJ-flgG, and motAB2 operons by binding to their promoter regions.

此外，还发现了motAB2操纵子，它由类似于motA1和motB1的同源基因motA2和motB2组成。通过启动子-lacZ融合测定和EMSA实验，发现CdsR通过与其启动子区域结合直接调节motAB1，cheY-yrhK，lamB-cheR，yaaR-fliG2，cheV-mogR，hag1，hag2，yjbJ-flgG和motAB2操纵子。

Importantly, it was confirmed that CdsR is a metalloregulator and the binding to promoter can be inhibited by Cu (II) ions. This research enhances our understanding of the regulation of cell mobility in B. thuringiensis..

重要的是，已经证实CdsR是一种金属调节剂，Cu（II）离子可以抑制与启动子的结合。这项研究增强了我们对苏云金芽孢杆菌细胞迁移调节的理解。。

IntroductionThe bacteria flagellum is a protein complex responsible for bacterial locomotion under various environmental conditions1. Bacterial cell motility is defined as the ability of bacteria to move in response to external stimuli, such as gradients of chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components2.

引言细菌鞭毛是一种蛋白质复合物，负责细菌在各种环境条件下的运动1。。

Cell chemotaxis, on the other hand, is the directed movement of bacteria towards or away from chemical substances in their environment. It is a type of motility that is driven by the sensing of chemical gradients. Bacterial cell chemotaxis is a tightly coordinated mechanism that enables cells to navigate and respond to their environment in a directed manner3.

另一方面，细胞趋化性是细菌朝向或远离其环境中的化学物质的定向运动。它是一种由化学梯度感应驱动的运动。细菌细胞趋化性是一种紧密协调的机制，使细胞能够以定向方式导航和响应其环境3。

The relationship between cell motility and chemotaxis is crucial for bacterial survival. The bacteria flagellum acts as a propulsion system that allows bacteria to move towards favorable conditions while avoiding harmful environments. The ability is essential for bacterial survival and plays a significant role in various biological processes, including colonization, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis4.There are several mechanisms by which the transcriptional regulation of bacterial motility and chemotaxis can occur.

细胞运动性和趋化性之间的关系对于细菌存活至关重要。细菌鞭毛起着推进系统的作用，使细菌能够向有利的条件移动，同时避免有害的环境。这种能力对于细菌的存活至关重要，并且在各种生物过程中起着重要作用，包括定植，生物膜形成和致病4。细菌运动性和趋化性的转录调控可以通过几种机制发生。

These mechanisms involve the control of gene expression through specific transcription factors, signaling pathways, and regulatory elements5,6,7,8. Specific examples, the Sigma factors initiate transcription of flagellar genes fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The fla/che operon, which has a long 27 kb fla/che operon of 31 genes co-transcribed from the common Pfla/che promoter in B.

这些机制涉及通过特定的转录因子，信号通路和调控元件来控制基因表达5,6,7,8。具体例子，σ因子在枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌中启动鞭毛基因fla/che操纵子的转录。fla/che操纵子，其具有长27 kb的fla/che操纵子，由B中常见的Pfla/che启动子共转录的31个基因组成。

subtilis8,9,10. DNA-binding proteins, such as the osmoregulation trans-factor OmpR, bind to specific sequences in the flhDC operon promoter and repress transcription in E. coli11. T.

枯草杆菌8,9,10。DNA结合蛋白，例如渗透调节反式因子OmpR，与flhDC操纵子启动子中的特定序列结合并抑制大肠杆菌中的转录11。T。

Data availability

数据可用性

Data are contained within the article. We have uploaded the RNA-seq data, which will be available in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database with the accession no. GSE216307.

数据包含在文章中。。

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Download referencesFundingThis work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE0116500), Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSCB-202402), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, grants No.

下载参考文献资助这项工作得到了中国国家重点研发计划（批准号2022YFE0116500），中国农业科学院创新计划（CAAS-CSCB-202402）和国家自然科学基金（通用计划，批准号：。

32072499 and No. 32372623).Author informationAuthor notesXin Zhang and Yuhan Chen contributed equally to this article.Authors and AffiliationsCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, ChinaXin Zhang, Yuhan Chen, Yabin Liu, Lili Gang & Jie LiKey Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, ChinaXin Zhang, Yuhan Chen, Yabin Liu, Lili Gang, Tinglu Yan, Hengjie Wang, Qi Peng & Fuping SongAuthorsXin ZhangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

32072499和32372623号）。作者信息作者注张欣和陈玉涵对本文的贡献相同。作者及所属单位东北农业大学生命科学学院，哈尔滨，150030，中国张欣，陈玉涵，刘亚斌，李立刚，中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学利基实验室，北京，100193，中国张欣，陈玉涵，刘亚斌，李立刚，严廷璐，王恒杰，齐鹏，宋福平作者张欣观点作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsF.S. and X.Z. designed the experiments. X.Z., Y.C., T. Y., and H.W. performed the experiments. Y.L. and L.G. gave good advice on RNA extraction experiments. X.Z. and F.S. analyzed the results. X.Z. wrote the manuscript. F.S., Q.P., and J.L. gave good advice on the writing of the manuscript.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。S、 和X.Z.设计了实验。十、 Z.，Y.C.，T.Y。和H.W.进行了实验。Y、 L.和L.G.对RNA提取实验给出了很好的建议。十、 。十、 Z.写了手稿。F、 S.，Q.P。和J.L.对手稿的撰写提出了很好的建议。

F.S. revised the manuscript.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to.

F、 美国修改了手稿。通讯作者通讯。

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Additional informationPublisher’s noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary Information41598_2024_76694_MOESM1_ESM.docxSupplementary Material 1: Table S1. Strains and plasmids used in this study. Table S2. Oligonucleotide primers used in this study.

Additional informationPublisher的noteSpringer Nature在已发布地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息41598\U 2024\U 76694\U MOESM1\U ESM.docx补充材料1：表S1。本研究中使用的菌株和质粒。表S2。本研究中使用的寡核苷酸引物。

Table S3. The promoter of target genes from CdsR-binding DNA contain a conserved sequence.Supplementary Material 2.Rights and permissions.

表S3。来自CdsR结合DNA的靶基因的启动子含有保守序列。补充材料2。权利和权限。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleZhang, X., Chen, Y., Liu, Y. et al. A novel regulator CdsR negatively regulates cell motility in Bacillus thuringiensis.

转载和许可本文引用本文Zhang，X.，Chen，Y.，Liu，Y。等人。一种新型调节剂CdsR负调节苏云金芽孢杆菌的细胞运动。

Sci Rep 14, 25270 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76694-2Download citationReceived: 18 June 2024Accepted: 16 October 2024Published: 25 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76694-2Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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Keywords

关键词

Bacillus thuringiensis

苏云金芽孢杆菌

Transcriptional regulator CdsRCell motility

转录调节因子CdsRCell运动

fla/che clusterCu (II) ions

游离簇Cu（II）离子