AbstractsThe interactions between myogenic cells and adipocytes play an important role in improving carcass traits and the efficiency of energy utilization. However, there are few reports about the interaction between them mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEV). In this study, sEV derived from porcine primary skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) was found to be involved in the inhibition of porcine primary adipocyte viability, triglyceride content, Oil Red O enrichment and the expression of adipogenic genes.

摘要肌原细胞和脂肪细胞之间的相互作用在改善胴体性状和能量利用效率方面起着重要作用。然而，关于它们之间由小细胞外囊泡（sEV）介导的相互作用的报道很少。在这项研究中，发现源自猪原代骨骼肌干细胞（MuSCs）的sEV参与抑制猪原代脂肪细胞活力，甘油三酯含量，油红O富集和成脂基因的表达。

When the MuSCs were treated with insulin (INS) and oleic acid (OA), the effects of their secreted sEVs on adipose precursor cells were reversed, suggesting that the signaling effects of sEV are related to their own heterogeneity. Further by component heterogeneity analysis, miR-146a-5p was found to be enriched in sEVs of MuSCs and to regulate and suppress adipogenesis through its heterogeneity.

当用胰岛素（INS）和油酸（OA）处理MuSCs时，其分泌的sEV对脂肪前体细胞的影响被逆转，表明sEV的信号传导作用与其自身的异质性有关。进一步通过组分异质性分析，发现miR-146a-5p富含MuSCs的SEV，并通过其异质性调节和抑制脂肪形成。

This study provides an important mechanism and molecular target for small extracellular vesicles to regulate the interaction between muscle and adipose tissue and improve carcass traits at the intercellular level..

。。

IntroductionThe worldwide meat industry is experiencing rapid growth, particularly in the case of red meat like pork1. In recent years, the excessive focus on achieving higher growth performance and increasing the proportion of lean meat has led to a decline in the quality and nutritional value of pork, despite it being a significant protein source2.

引言全球肉类行业正在经历快速增长，特别是像pork1这样的红肉。近年来，尽管猪肉是一种重要的蛋白质来源，但过度关注实现更高的生长性能和增加瘦肉比例导致猪肉质量和营养价值下降2。

The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle (SkM) is crucial for determining the quality of pork3. The development of muscle cells determines muscle yield as well as muscle fiber type, while the development of adipocytes determines the deposition of adipose tissue, and together muscle and fat affect the quality and flavor of pork4,5,6,7.

白色脂肪组织（WAT）和骨骼肌（SkM）的发育对于确定pork3的质量至关重要。肌肉细胞的发育决定了肌肉产量和肌纤维类型，而脂肪细胞的发育决定了脂肪组织的沉积，肌肉和脂肪共同影响pork4,5,6,7的质量和风味。

Excessive fat in pigs is undesirable as it significantly impacts the economic returns of contemporary pig breeding, given that meat quality is the primary factor influencing consumer preference for meat consumption8,9. The appropriate proportion of fat helps to enhance the taste and flavor of pork, while also aiding in the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the human body.

鉴于肉类质量是影响消费者对肉类消费偏好的主要因素，猪中脂肪过多是不可取的，因为它会显着影响当代养猪业的经济回报8,9。适当比例的脂肪有助于增强猪肉的味道和风味，同时也有助于人体吸收和利用营养物质。

However, excessive fat content may increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Insufficient intramuscular fat and excessive subcutaneous fat are top pork quality challenges10.Obesity and exercise have a significant impact on WAT and SkM, making them the primary subjects of tissue-level studies11,12,13.

然而，过量的脂肪含量可能会增加肥胖和心血管疾病的风险。肌肉内脂肪不足和皮下脂肪过多是猪肉质量的最大挑战10。肥胖和运动对WAT和SkM有显着影响，使其成为组织水平研究的主要对象11,12,13。

Pedersen, proposed the idea that SkM acts as an immunogenic generator/secretor of cytokines, which have an endocrine role and should be categorized as myokines14. The mechanism of interdependent and closely linked dialogue between muscle and fat, on the one hand, WAT serves as an important fuel reservoir for the animal organism, on the other hand, providing energy for other tissues.

Pedersen提出了SkM作为细胞因子的免疫原性产生/分泌者的想法，细胞因子具有内分泌作用，应归类为肌动蛋白14。肌肉和脂肪之间相互依赖和密切联系的对话机制，一方面，WAT是动物有机体的重要燃料库，另一方面，为其他组织提供能量。

Data availability

数据可用性

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

根据合理的要求，通讯作者可以提供支持本研究结果的数据。

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Download referencesFundingThis work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China Program (32072814, 32072812, and 32072714), Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04068), National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD04068-509), and the Project of Guangdong Provincial Nature Science Foundation (2023A151502511 and 2021A1515011310).Author informationAuthor notes Mengran Qin, Lipeng Xing and Shulei Wen contributed equally to this work.Authors and AffiliationsState Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No.

下载参考文献资助这项工作得到了中国自然科学基金项目（32072814、32072812和32072714），生物育种国家科技重大项目（2023ZD04068），国家科技重大项目（2023ZD04068-509）和广东省自然科学基金项目（2023A151502511和2021A1515011310）的支持。。

483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, ChinaMengran Qin, Lipeng Xing, Shulei Wen, Junyi Luo, Jiajie Sun, Ting Chen, Yongliang Zhang & Qianyun XiTianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, ChinaMengran QinTianjin Orthopedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, ChinaMengran QinTianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, ChinaMengran QinAuthorsMengran QinView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

广州市巫山路483号，510642，中国·秦梦兰，邢立鹏，文淑磊，罗俊毅，孙家杰，陈婷，张永良和天津大学西天津医院，天津，300211，中国·秦梦兰·天津骨科研究所，天津，300050，中国·秦梦兰·天津骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室，天津，300050，中国·秦梦兰·秦作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarLipeng XingView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsThe project was conceived by Q.X. and Y.Z. The experiments were primarily designed and conducted by M.Q., L.X. and S.W., who also authored the manuscript. Throughout the experiment, data collection, interpretation, and analysis were carried out by M.Q., L.X., and S.W.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献该项目由Q.X.和Y.Z.构思。实验主要由M.Q.，L.X.和S.W.设计和进行，他们也是手稿的作者。。

Q.X., M.Q., J.L., T.C. and J.S0 revised and edited the manuscript. Additional authors contributed technical expertise, while the entire author team engaged in discussions and provided feedback on the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

Q、 X.，M.Q.，J.L.，T.C.和J.S0修订并编辑了手稿。其他作者贡献了技术专业知识，而整个作者团队参与了讨论并提供了稿件的反馈。对应作者对应。

Qianyun Xi.Ethics declarations

钱云溪。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethics approval

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The authors of this article did not conduct any experiments involving humans. All animal procedures were carried out by the approved experiment protocol (SCAU-AEC-2016-0714, 14 July 2016) by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of South China Agricultural University. The U.K. conducted all animal experiments according to the ARRIVE guidelines.

本文的作者没有进行任何涉及人类的实验。所有动物程序均由华南农业大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）按照批准的实验方案（SCAU-AEC-2016-07142016年7月14日）进行。英国根据ARRIVE指南进行了所有动物实验。

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986, along with its related guidelines, and the EU Directive 2010/63/EU, are applicable in this context..

1986年《动物（科学程序）法》及其相关指南和欧盟指令2010/63/EU适用于这种情况。。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleQin, M., Xing, L., Wen, S. et al. Heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles in porcine myoblasts regulates adipocyte differentiation.

转载和许可本文引用本文Qin，M.，Xing，L.，Wen，S。等人。猪成肌细胞中细胞外囊泡的异质性调节脂肪细胞分化。

Sci Rep 14, 26077 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77110-5Download citationReceived: 20 June 2024Accepted: 21 October 2024Published: 30 October 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77110-5Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

科学报告1426077（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77110-5Download引文收到日期：2024年6月20日接受日期：2024年10月21日发布日期：2024年10月30日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77110-5Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsSkeletal muscle stem cellsPorcinesEVHeterogeneityAdipocytes

关键词骨骼肌干细胞孢子菌七种异质性脂肪细胞