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register hereThe defense mechanisms of the vertebrate brain against infections are at the forefront of immunological studies. Unlike other body parts, the brain not only fends off pathogenic infections but also minimizes the risk of self-damage from immune cell induced inflammation. Some neuropeptides produced by either nerve or immune cells share remarkable similarities with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in terms of size, structure, amino acid composition, amphiphilicity, and net cationic charge.

在此登记脊椎动物大脑抵抗感染的防御机制处于免疫学研究的前沿。与身体其他部位不同，大脑不仅可以抵御病原体感染，还可以最大程度地降低免疫细胞诱导的炎症对自身造成损害的风险。由神经或免疫细胞产生的一些神经肽在大小，结构，氨基酸组成，两亲性和净阳离子电荷方面与抗菌肽（AMP）具有显着的相似性。

These similarities extend to a wide range of antibacterial activities demonstrated in vitro, effectively protecting nerve tissue from microbial threats. This review systematically examines 12 neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), orexin-B (ORXB), ghrelin, substance P (SP), adrenomedullin (AM), calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), urocortin-II (UCN II), neuropeptide Y (NPY), NDA-1, and catestatin (CST), identified for their antimicrobial properties, summarizing their structural features, antimicrobial effectiveness, and action mechanisms.

这些相似之处扩展到体外证明的广泛抗菌活性，有效保护神经组织免受微生物威胁。本综述系统地研究了12种神经肽，垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（PACAP），血管活性肠肽（VIP），α-黑素细胞刺激素（α-MSH），食欲素B（ORXB），生长素释放肽，P物质（SP），肾上腺髓质素（AM），降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP），尿皮质素II（UCN II），神经肽Y（NPY），NDA-1和儿茶素（CST），鉴定了它们的抗菌特性，总结了它们的结构特征，抗菌效果和作用机制。

Importantly, the majority of these antimicrobial neuropeptides (9 out of 12) also possess significant anti-inflammatory properties, potentially playing a key role in preserving immune tolerance in various disorders. However, the connection between this anti-inflammatory property and the brain's infection defense strategy has rarely been explored.

重要的是，这些抗菌神经肽中的大多数（12个中的9个）也具有显着的抗炎特性，可能在保持各种疾病的免疫耐受性方面发挥关键作用。然而，这种抗炎特性与大脑感染防御策略之间的联系很少被探索。

Our review suggests that the combined antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions of neuropeptides could be integral to the brain's defense strategy against pathogens, marking an exciting direction for future research..

我们的综述表明，神经肽的联合抗菌和抗炎作用可能是大脑对抗病原体的防御策略的组成部分，为未来的研究开辟了一个令人兴奋的方向。。