AbstractTo investigate the relationship between Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) patterns and PhenoAgeAccel in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), emphasizing the role of regular LTPA in mitigating biological aging. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, including 4,134 adults with T2D.

摘要为了研究2型糖尿病（T2D）患者休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）模式与PhenoAgeAccel之间的关系，强调常规LTPA在缓解生物衰老中的作用。。

Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods were employed to assess the relationship between LTPA and Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), with segmented likelihood ratio tests to detect nonlinear thresholds. Stratified regression and interaction tests were conducted for robust analysis.

采用多变量线性回归模型和限制性三次样条（RCS）方法评估LTPA与表型年龄加速度（PhenoAgeAccel）之间的关系，并进行分段似然比检验以检测非线性阈值。进行分层回归和相互作用测试以进行稳健分析。

Compared to individuals with no LTPA patterns, those with regular LTPA patterns had significantly lower PhenoAgeAccel scores (β = -1.164, 95% CI: -1.651 to -0.677, P < 0.0001), while the “Weekend Warrior” and “Inactive-LTPA” patterns showed no significant effects. A nonlinear threshold effect was identified; below 594.57 min of weekly LTPA, there was a significant negative correlation (β = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.003 to -0.001, P = 0.000), with gender-specific effects present.

与没有LTPA模式的个体相比，具有常规LTPA模式的个体的PhenoAgeAccel得分显着降低（β=-1.164，95%CI：-1.651至-0.677，P<0.0001），而“周末战士”和“不活跃的LTPA”模式没有显着影响。确定了非线性阈值效应；低于每周LTPA 594.57分钟，存在显着的负相关（β=-0.002，95%CI：-0.003至-0.001，P=0.000），存在性别特异性效应。

Regular LTPA significantly reduces phenotypic age acceleration in T2D patients, with a nonlinear threshold effect indicating that moderate physical activity is most beneficial. These findings highlight the necessity of personalized physical activity recommendations and provide evidence for public health strategies to promote healthy aging in T2D patients..

常规LTPA可显着降低T2D患者的表型年龄加速，具有非线性阈值效应，表明适度的体育锻炼是最有益的。这些发现强调了个性化体育锻炼建议的必要性，并为促进T2D患者健康衰老的公共卫生策略提供了证据。。

IntroductionT2D has been widely studied and identified as a major factor accelerating biological aging. Patients with T2D exhibit shortened telomeres, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, and cellular senescence, all of which contribute to the acceleration of the aging process1. T2D not only accelerates telomere shortening but also leads to a decline in pancreatic β-cell function and increased insulin resistance, exacerbating the metabolic condition of patients2.

。T2D患者表现出端粒缩短，线粒体功能障碍，炎症增加和细胞衰老，所有这些都有助于加速衰老过程1。T2D不仅加速端粒缩短，而且导致胰腺β细胞功能下降和胰岛素抵抗增加，加剧患者的代谢状况2。

Additionally, T2D patients experience a more rapid decline in muscle mass and function compared to non-diabetic individuals, further aggravating biological aging3.Relevant studies have explored the multifaceted mechanisms of the aging process, particularly the damage to macromolecules within cells and the regulation of the aging clock4.

此外，与非糖尿病患者相比，T2D患者的肌肉质量和功能下降更快，进一步加剧了生物衰老3。相关研究探讨了衰老过程的多方面机制，特别是细胞内大分子的损伤和衰老的调节时钟4。

The research indicates that as individuals age, key biomolecules such as DNA and proteins accumulate damage, leading to disruptions in cellular homeostasis and declining functionality, thereby accelerating biological aging. Moreover, environmental factors and lifestyle choices further exacerbate this damage, hastening the aging process4,5.

研究表明，随着个体年龄的增长，DNA和蛋白质等关键生物分子积累损伤，导致细胞稳态中断和功能下降，从而加速生物衰老。此外，环境因素和生活方式的选择进一步加剧了这种损害，加速了衰老过程4,5。

This study provides a critical framework for understanding biological aging and underscores the potential for interventions aimed at delaying the aging process, especially through the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Physical activity plays a crucial role in modulating the aging process. Research indicates that regular physical activity can delay aging by maintaining telomere length, reducing oxidative stress, and improving cellular function.

这项研究为理解生物衰老提供了一个重要的框架，并强调了旨在延缓衰老过程的干预措施的潜力，特别是通过调节表观遗传机制。。研究表明，有规律的体育锻炼可以通过维持端粒长度、减少氧化应激和改善细胞功能来延缓衰老。

Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have longer telomeres compared to their sedentary counterparts, potentially delaying cellular aging6. Furthermore, physical activity i.

与久坐不动的人相比，经常进行体育锻炼的人端粒更长，可能会延迟细胞衰老6。此外，身体活动i。

Data availability

数据可用性

The dataset(s) supporting the conclusions of this article is(are) available in the NHANES website (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/).

支持本文结论的数据集可在NHANES网站上找到(https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/)。

AbbreviationsLTPA:

缩写LTPA：

Leisure-Time Physical Activity

PhenoAgeAccel:

PhenoAgeAccel：

Phenotypic Age Acceleration

T2D:

T2D：

Type 2 Diabetes

2型糖尿病

NHANES:

是啊。

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

全国健康与营养检查调查

CDC:

疾病预防控制中心：

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

疾病控制和预防中心

PIR:

PIR：

Poverty Income Ratio

贫困收入比

GPAQ:

GPAQ：

Global Physical Activity Questionnaire

全球体育活动问卷

MET:

大都会：

Metabolic Equivalent of Task

任务的代谢当量

MVPA:

MVPA：

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

中度至剧烈的体育锻炼

FPG:

FPG：

Fasting Plasma Glucose

空腹血糖

HbA1c:

糖化血红蛋白：

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

糖化血红蛋白

OGTT:

OGTT：

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

口服葡萄糖耐量试验

CRP:

CRP：

C-Reactive Protein

C反应蛋白

BMI:

体重指数：

Body Mass Index

体重指数

HEI:

你好：

Healthy Eating Index

健康饮食指数

ANOVA:

方差分析：

Analysis of Variance

方差分析

RCS:

RCS：

Restricted Cubic Spline

受限三次样条

ROS:

活性氧：

Reactive Oxygen Species

活性氧类

GLUT4:

GLUT4：

Glucose Transporter Type 4

葡萄糖转运蛋白4型

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe research team extends its gratitude to the contributors of the NHANES datasets for their invaluable participation.FundingOur study greatly benefitted from the data provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and we extend our heartfelt thanks to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for their invaluable contribution.Author informationAuthor notesDongzhe Wu and Yishuai Jia contributed equally to this work.Authors and AffiliationsDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, ChinaDongzhe WuChinese Swimming Academy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, ChinaMingyu ShangSport Department, China University of Geosciences in Beijing, Beijing, ChinaYishuai Jia Research Medical Center, Ordos Sports Vocational School, Ordos, ChinaYujia LiuGraduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, JapanXiang PanChinese Table Tennis Association, Beijing, ChinaPengxuan LiAuthorsDongzhe WuView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢研究团队感谢NHANES数据集的贡献者的宝贵参与。基金会我们的研究极大地受益于国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）提供的数据，我们衷心感谢国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）的宝贵贡献。作者信息作者注意到吴东哲和贾一帅对这项工作做出了同样的贡献。作者和所属单位北京体育大学运动生理学系，北京体育大学中国游泳学院，北京，中国明宇尚体育系，北京中国地质大学，北京，中国易帅家研究医学中心，鄂尔多斯鄂尔多斯鄂尔多斯体育职业学校，中国刘玉嘉健康与体育科学研究生院，顺藤敦大学，Inzai，日本PanChinese乒乓球协会，北京，中国彭轩LiAuthorsDongzhe WuView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarYishuai JiaView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarYishuai JiaView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarYujia LiuView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarYujia LiuView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarXiang PanView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarXiang PanView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarPengxuan LiView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarPengxuan LiView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMingyu ShangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google Scholarmamingyu ShangView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsConceptualization: Dongzhe Wu, Mingyu Shang. Data curation: Dongzhe Wu. Formal analysis: Dongzhe Wu, Yujia Liu, Pengxuan Li, Xiang Pan. Methodology: Yishuai Jia, Yujia Liu, Xiang Pan.Project administration: Dongzhe Wu, Mingyu Shang, Pengxuan Li.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献概念：吴东哲，商明宇。数据管理：吴东哲。形式分析：吴冬哲、刘玉嘉、李彭轩、潘翔。方法：贾一帅，刘玉嘉，潘翔。项目管理：吴冬哲、尚明宇、李鹏轩。

Visualization: Dongzhe Wu. Writing-original draft: Dongzhe Wu. Writing-review & editing: Dongzhe Wu, Yishuai Jia.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to.

可视化：吴冬哲。写作原稿：吴冬哲。写作评论与编辑：吴冬哲，贾一帅。通讯作者通讯。

Pengxuan Li or Mingyu Shang.Ethics declarations

彭宣礼或明玉尚。道德宣言

Ethics approval and consent to participate

道德批准和同意参与

The National Center for Health Statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board approved the protocol. The research program complied with the basic elements of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed an informed consent form while participating in NHANES.

疾病控制和预防中心国家卫生统计中心机构审查委员会批准了该议定书。该研究计划符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的基本内容。所有参与者在参加NHANES时都签署了知情同意书。

The NHANES study protocols were approved under the following protocol numbers: NHANES 1999–2004 (protocol #98 − 12), NHANES 2005–2006 (protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2007–2008 (continuation of protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2009–2010 (continuation of protocol #2005-06), NHANES 2011–2012 (protocol #2011-17), NHANES 2013–2014 (continuation of protocol #2011-17), NHANES 2015–2016 (continuation of protocol #2011-17), and NHANES 2017–2018 (continuation of protocol #2011-17)..

NHANES研究方案按照以下协议编号获得批准：NHANES 1999-2004（协议98-12），NHANES 2005-2006（协议2005-06），NHANES 2007-2008（协议2005-06的延续），NHANES 2009-2010（协议2005-06的延续），NHANES 2011-2012（协议2011-17），NHANES 2013-2014（协议2011-17的延续），NHANES 2015-2016（协议2011-17的延续），NHANES和NHANES 2017-2018（协议#2011-17的延续）。。

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Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleWu, D., Jia, Y., Liu, Y. et al. Dose response of leisure time physical activity and biological aging in type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study.

转载和许可本文引用本文Wu，D.，Jia，Y.，Liu，Y。等人。休闲时间体力活动和2型糖尿病生物衰老的剂量反应：横断面研究。

Sci Rep 14, 26253 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77359-wDownload citationReceived: 08 August 2024Accepted: 22 October 2024Published: 01 November 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77359-wShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

科学报告1426253（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77359-wDownload引文接收日期：2024年8月8日接受日期：2024年10月22日发布日期：2024年11月1日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77359-wShare本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsLeisure-time physical activityPhenotypic age accelerationType 2 diabetesBiological agingPublic health strategies

关键词休闲时间体力活动表型年龄加速2型糖尿病生物学老化公共卫生策略