AbstractMolecular spectroscopic and nonlinear features can indicate positive changes by solvent molecules. In this work, DFT and spectroscopic techniques were used to study the polarity effects of different solvent environments. Polarity-based models were used for studying solvent induced interactions on the optical features of new groups of biomolecules.

摘要分子光谱和非线性特征可以表明溶剂分子的积极变化。在这项工作中，DFT和光谱技术被用来研究不同溶剂环境的极性效应。基于极性的模型用于研究溶剂诱导的相互作用对新组生物分子光学特征的影响。

Despite the significant contribution of general effects on the molecular absorption spectra, there is considerable competition between general and specific environmental effects on the molecular emission properties. Under this condition, strong hydrogen bonds tend to increase molecular nonlinear responses.

尽管一般效应对分子吸收光谱有重大贡献，但一般和特定环境效应对分子发射特性之间存在相当大的竞争。在这种条件下，强氢键倾向于增加分子的非线性响应。

The same results were observed for the low order (first and second order) nonlinearity of biomolecules. Therefore, the studies on the environment effects on the biomolecules’ first order nonlinearity can give valuable information about higher-order optical responses. Moreover, 1-Indanone compounds with high nonlinearity can be considered as an effective element in designing optical devices..

对于生物分子的低阶（一阶和二阶）非线性，观察到了相同的结果。因此，研究环境对生物分子一阶非线性的影响可以提供有关高阶光学响应的有价值的信息。此外，具有高非线性的1-茚满酮化合物可以作为设计光学器件的有效元素。。

Introduction1-Indanone compounds with unique structures and biologically active groups in their chemical structures are important in pharmacology. They are involved in biologically important activities because of their anti-inflammatory1, anti-cholinergic2, antimalarial3, anti-microbial4, anticancer5, analgesic6, and dopaminergic7 properties.

简介1茚满酮化合物具有独特的结构和化学结构中的生物活性基团，在药理学中很重要。由于它们的抗炎1，抗胆碱2，抗疟疾3，抗微生物4，抗癌5，镇痛6和多巴胺能7特性，它们参与了生物学上重要的活动。

This moiety is usually found in some natural compounds and is used as an intermediate in the synthesis process of various biological molecules with wide application in the treatment of diseases. Among various diseases, today, Alzheimer’s is a great threat to human health by increasing the elderly population.

该部分通常存在于一些天然化合物中，并用作各种生物分子合成过程中的中间体，广泛应用于疾病的治疗。在各种疾病中，今天，老年痴呆症通过增加老年人口对人类健康构成巨大威胁。

In this case, drugs with 1-indanone moiety and enzyme inhibitor characteristics can play a main role in treating Alzheimer’s disease8,9,10.Moreover, important biological activities of indanone compounds may be modified by their surrounding environment properties. The study of the various biological characteristics of molecules is generally done in the solution.

在这种情况下，具有1-茚满酮部分和酶抑制剂特征的药物可以在治疗阿尔茨海默病中发挥主要作用8,9,10。此外，茚满酮化合物的重要生物活性可能会因其周围环境特性而改变。分子的各种生物学特性的研究通常在溶液中进行。

Under this circumstance, interactions between the selected molecules and their environmental molecules are a significant issue in their function. In this case, studies on possible molecular interactions with different contributions are significant in explaining various phenomena.Molecular interactions are separated into two categories: general and specific interactions.

在这种情况下，所选分子与其环境分子之间的相互作用是其功能的重要问题。在这种情况下，研究可能具有不同贡献的分子相互作用对于解释各种现象具有重要意义。分子相互作用分为两类：一般相互作用和特定相互作用。

The first groups are directional, induction, and dispersion forces that cannot be saturated completely. The second group comprises hydrogen bonds, and electron-pair donor–acceptor forces which can be saturated and lead to stoichiometric molecular compounds11,12,13. Studies have indicated that solvents can modify the intensity, and position of absorption bands studied molecules.

第一组是无法完全饱和的定向力、感应力和分散力。第二组包括氢键和电子对供体-受体力，它们可以饱和并产生化学计量的分子化合物11,12,13。研究表明，溶剂可以改变所研究分子的吸收带的强度和位置。

Solvent effects are usually.

溶剂效应通常是。

(1)

(1)

In Eq. 1, a, b, and c are regression coefficients that display the strength of various polarity effects. In the Kamlet-Abboud-Taft model, A, B, and C are indicated by α, β, and π*, respectively. α, and β explain hydrogen bonds17,18, and π* is solvent dipolarity/polarizability ability19.

。在Kamlet-Abboud-Taft模型中，A，B和C分别由α，β和π*表示。α、 β解释氢键17,18，π*是溶剂偶极/极化能力19。

y0 is also obtained from the analysis. To separate general environment effects, the Catalan model can be considered as a proper selection. In this case, A, B, and C are indicated by SA, SB, and SPP. In this formalism, SA, SB, and SPP are selected environment acidity, basicity, and dipolarity/polarizability, respectively20,21.

y0也是从分析中获得的。为了分离一般的环境影响，加泰罗尼亚模型可以被认为是一个合适的选择。。

The last solvent polarity parameter can be divided into SP and SdP parameters.Moreover, light-mater interactions at the molecular level in the linear and nonlinear optical domains can limit the activity of biologically important molecules in the solution state. The studies on the various optical responses of understudy molecules will provide essential information about their function in different processes.In this experimental research, the effects of environment polarity on the optical behavior of some 1-Indanone compounds were investigated in linear and nonlinear optics domains.

最后一个溶剂极性参数可分为SP和SdP参数。此外，线性和非线性光学域中分子水平的光-物质相互作用可以限制溶液状态下生物重要分子的活性。对被研究分子的各种光学响应的研究将提供关于它们在不同过程中的功能的基本信息。在这项实验研究中，在线性和非线性光学领域研究了环境极性对一些1-茚满酮化合物光学行为的影响。

In this case, the spectroscopic technique and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical method were used for studying the optical properties of understudy samples in various environments with different features. In addition, the obtained results from a simple experimental method were used to quantitatively detect the effects of polarity-sensitive features of some biologically important molecules.

。此外，从简单的实验方法获得的结果用于定量检测某些生物学重要分子的极性敏感特征的影响。

It is expected that results can give a simple way to improve the nonlinearity of biomolecules. Moreover, the data will give interesting results for increasing the application of .

预计这些结果可以为改善生物分子的非线性提供一种简单的方法。此外，这些数据将为增加应用提供有趣的结果。

(2)

(2)

The variation of Stokes shift values of 1-indanon compounds with different substituents based on orientation polarity function is indicated in Fig. 8. Using this figure, the differences between the dipole moments were calculated according to the data in Table 5, and Table 6. The obtained data indicate the possibility of charge transfer by exciting biomolecules in environments with different polarities.

基于取向极性函数，具有不同取代基的1-茚满酮化合物的斯托克斯位移值的变化如图8所示。使用该图，根据表5和表6中的数据计算偶极矩之间的差异。获得的数据表明在具有不同极性的环境中通过激发生物分子进行电荷转移的可能性。

The different dipole moment values are due to active groups in the structure of solute molecules that lead to various interactions between solute and solvent molecules with different strengths. Therefore, the function of these compounds can be modified because of the presence of solvent molecules and various substituents in their chemical structures.

不同的偶极矩值是由于溶质分子结构中的活性基团导致溶质和具有不同强度的溶剂分子之间的各种相互作用。因此，由于这些化合物的化学结构中存在溶剂分子和各种取代基，因此可以修饰这些化合物的功能。

According to our results, solute molecules with different chemical groups operate differently in solvent environments. These behaviors are related to different contributions of various molecular interactions. Although some polarity parameters such as dielectric constant can be considered for a qualitative investigation of solvent-induced general effects, they cannot fully explain the contribution of different molecular interactions.

根据我们的结果，具有不同化学基团的溶质分子在溶剂环境中的作用不同。这些行为与各种分子相互作用的不同贡献有关。尽管可以考虑一些极性参数（例如介电常数）来定性研究溶剂诱导的一般效应，但它们不能完全解释不同分子相互作用的贡献。

Hence, in the next section, some applicable models will be used.Fig. 8Stokes shift changes of sample I, sample II, sample III, and sample IV based on Lippert Mataga’s polarity function.Full size imageTable 5 The experimental results of sample I, and sample II in esu units. (Δµ: differences between ground and excited state dipole moments, f: oscillator strength, µ: transition dipole moment, α’: Linear polarizability, β’: first-order hyperpolarizability, and γ’: second order hyperpolarizability)Full size tableTable 6 The experimental results of sample III, and sample IV in esu units..

因此，在下一节中，将使用一些适用的模型。图8基于Lippert-Mataga的极性函数，样品I，样品II，样品III和样品IV的斯托克斯位移变化。全尺寸成像表5以esu单位显示样品I和样品II的实验结果。（Δµ：基态和激发态偶极矩之间的差异，f：振荡器强度，µ：跃迁偶极矩，α：线性极化率，β：一阶超极化率和γ：二阶超极化率）全尺寸表6样品III和样品IV的实验结果（esu单位）。。

1.

1.

All selected solvents are considered in the analysis.

分析中考虑了所有选定的溶剂。

2.

2.

Some solvents may be deleted by paying attention to the values of statistical factor value (R2).

通过注意统计因子值（R2）的值，可以删除一些溶剂。

3.

3.

Multi-linear analysis of spectral results with Kamlet-Abbod-Taft and Catalan polarity scales was performed.

使用Kamlet-Abbod-Taft和加泰罗尼亚极性标度对光谱结果进行了多线性分析。

There is an excellent linear relation between the spectral data of sample solutions and solvent polarity parameters, as shown in Table 7, and Table 8. Furthermore, for a precise comparison of the behavior of various samples with each other, the contribution percentage of solvent polarity factors was calculated.Table 7 Regression fit to Kamlet-Abboud-Taft polarity scales for linear optical features of used samples with percentage contribution of various interactions.

样品溶液的光谱数据与溶剂极性参数之间存在极好的线性关系，如表7和表8所示。此外，为了精确比较各种样品的行为，计算了溶剂极性因子的贡献百分比。表7回归拟合Kamlet-Abboud-Taft极性尺度，用于所用样品的线性光学特征，具有各种相互作用的百分比贡献。

(a, b, and c: regression coefficients)Full size tableTable 8 Regression fit to Catalan polarity scales for linear optical features of used samples with percentage contribution of various interactions.Full size tableIn biomolecules’ ground state, general interactions show a major role in the absorption characteristics of three selected samples.

（a，b和c：回归系数）全尺寸表表8回归适合加泰罗尼亚极性尺度，用于所用样品的线性光学特征，具有各种相互作用的百分比贡献。全尺寸表在生物分子的基态中，一般相互作用在三个选定样品的吸收特性中显示出主要作用。

By optical excitation, general solvent effects still play the dominant role in sample II and sample IV. In sample I, the solvent environment hydrogen bond acceptor parameter with considerable contribution modifies the solute molecules’ linear optical behaviors. In sample III, hydrogen bond donor parameter has the dominant role.

通过光激发，一般溶剂效应仍然在样品II和样品IV中起主导作用。在样品I中，具有相当大贡献的溶剂环境氢键受体参数改变了溶质分子的线性光学行为。在样品III中，氢键供体参数起主导作用。

Stokes shifts also increase with the increase of the dominant media polarity factors.In samples I, and IV, nonspecific polarity effects are significant in the Stokes shift values. In samples II, and III, specific solvent effects indicate significant roles. In this case, various substituents led to the detection of different types of molecular interactions with different contributions in the environments with different polarities.The results show that solvent dipolarity/polarizability factor has considerable effects on the biomolecules’ optical linearity.

斯托克斯位移也随着主要介质极性因子的增加而增加。在样品I和IV中，斯托克斯位移值中的非特异性极性效应是显着的。在样品II和III中，特定的溶剂效应表明了重要的作用。在这种情况下，各种取代基导致在具有不同极性的环境中检测到具有不同贡献的不同类型的分子相互作用。结果表明，溶剂偶极/极化率因子对生物分子的光学线性有相当大的影响。

Furthermore, the model presented by Catalan contains information about the dipolarity and po.

此外，加泰罗尼亚提出的模型包含有关偶极和po的信息。

(3)

(3)

In Eq. 3, h indicates Plank’s constant, and c is known as velocity of light in vacuum.Transition dipole moment is also related to obtained results from biomolecules’ absorption spectra (Eq. 4)37.$$\begin{aligned} \mu _{{eg}}^{2} & = \frac{{3he^{2} }}{{8\pi ^{2} mc}} \times \frac{f}{{\upsilon _{{eg}} }} \\ f & = 4.32 \times 10^{{ - 9}} \int {\varepsilon (\upsilon )d\upsilon } \\ \end{aligned}$$.

在等式3中，h表示普朗克常数，c表示真空中的光速。跃迁偶极矩也与从生物分子的吸收光谱（方程4）37获得的结果有关。$$$\ begin{aligned}\ mu{{eg}}^{2}&=\ frac{{3he ^{2}}{{8 \ pi ^{2}mc}}\ times \ frac{f}{\ upsilon{{eg}}}}\ f&=4.32 \乘以10^{-9}}\int{\varepsilon（\upsilon）d\upsilon}\\\ end{aligned}$$。

(4)

(4)

In Eq. 4, e, and m symbols describe charge, and m is the electron’s mass. The obtained results from two-level model are displayed in Table 5, and Table 6.In this case, molecules with high transition dipole moments indicate high linear polarizability. As shown in Table 5, and Table 6, the values of this parameter and linear polarizability depend on the polarity characteristics of solvents.

在等式4中，e和m符号描述电荷，m是电子的质量。从二能级模型获得的结果显示在表5和表6中。在这种情况下，具有高跃迁偶极矩的分子表示高线性极化率。如表5和表6所示，该参数和线性极化率的值取决于溶剂的极性特征。

According to Fig. 9 (a), by incrementing the dielectric factor of solvents, the molecular linear polarizability is increased gradually. However, the opposite behavior is observed in high-polar solvents such as DMSO, DMF, and Methanol. Hence, various molecular interactions lead to observing different behaviors of samples with different substituents.Fig.

根据图9（a），通过增加溶剂的介电因子，分子线性极化率逐渐增加。然而，在高极性溶剂如DMSO，DMF和甲醇中观察到相反的行为。。图。

9The changes of (a) α’, (b) β’, and (c) γ’ of used samples based on of dielectric constant of selected solvents.Full size imageBiomolecules’ hyperpolarizability (β’) in the first orderOudar’s famous equation is a simple way to measure the nonlinearity of sample solutions. The Two-level model explains the relationship between the molecular hyperpolarizability parameter and changes in dipole moments (Δµ), and dipole transition (µe.g.) as follows39,40,41:$$\beta ^{\prime}=\frac{{3\upsilon _{{eg}}^{2}\mu _{{eg}}^{2}\Delta \mu }}{{2{h^2}{c^2}(\upsilon _{{eg}}^{2} - \upsilon _{L}^{2})(\upsilon _{{eg}}^{2} - 4\upsilon _{L}^{2})}}$$.

9基于所选溶剂的介电常数，所用样品的（a）α'，（b）β'和（c）γ'的变化。一阶著名方程中的全尺寸成像生物分子的超极化率（β'）是测量样品溶液非线性的简单方法。两级模型解释了分子超极化率参数与偶极矩（Δµ）和偶极跃迁（µe.g.）变化之间的关系，如下39,40,41：$$\ beta ^{\ prime}=\ frac{{{3 \ upsilon{{{eg}}^{2}\ mu{{eg}}^{2}\ Delta \ mu}{{2{h ^ 2}{c ^ 2}（\ upsilon{{{eg}}^{2}-\upsilon{L}^{2}）（\upsilon{{eg}}^{2}-4\upsilon{L}^{2}}}$$。

(5)

(5)

In above equation, υL is the reference incident beam’s frequency. In this research, Δµ was calculated using Lippert Mataga’s model (Table 5, and Table 6). µe.g. is also obtained from the oscillator strength data of samples in different environments. Sample III with high differences between dipole moments tend to show high first-order hyperpolarizability.

在上面的等式中，νL是参考入射光束的频率。在这项研究中，使用Lippert-Mataga模型计算Δµ（表5和表6）。µ例如，也可以从不同环境中样品的振荡器强度数据中获得。。

Under this condition, the molecular nonlinear responses are modified by variations in the molecular environment features. As shown in Fig. 9(b), molecular first-order hyperpolarizability is decreased in high-polar solvents such as DMSO.Biomolecules’ hyperpolarizability (γ’) in the second orderCompared to first-order calculations, the three-level model is usually used for calculating nonlinear optical hyperpolarizability in the second order.

在这种情况下，分子环境特征的变化会改变分子的非线性响应。如图9（b）所示，在高极性溶剂如DMSO中，分子的一阶超极化率降低。二阶生物分子的超极化率（γ'）与一阶计算相比，三能级模型通常用于计算二阶非线性光学超极化率。

In this case, three different terms are appeared in Eq. 6 for calculating molecular third-order nonlinear hyperpolarizability42,43.$$\gamma ^{\prime}=\frac{{24\mu _{{eg}}^{2}\Delta \mu }}{{E_{{eg}}^{3}}} - \frac{{24\mu _{{eg}}^{4}}}{{E_{{eg}}^{3}}}+24\sum\limits_{{e^{\prime}}} {\frac{{\mu _{{ge}}^{2}\mu _{{e^{\prime}e}}^{2}}}{{E_{{eg}}^{2}{E_{e^{\prime}g}}}}}$$.

在这种情况下，方程6中出现了三个不同的项来计算分子的三阶非线性超极化率42,43。$$\γ^{\素数}=\ frac{{24 \ mu{{{eg}}^{2}\ Delta \ mu}{{{E\u{{eg}}}^{3}}-\ frac{{24 \ mu{eg}}^{4}}{{{E{{eg}}}^{3}}+24个求和\极限{{{E{prime}}}{\frac{{\mu{{ge}}}}}{2}\mu{{E^{\ prime}E}}}^{2}}}{{E{{{eg}}}}^{2}{E\uu{E ^{\素数}g}}}}$$。

(6)

(6)

A comparison between Eq. 6 and Eqs. 3, 5 indicates that the second term depends on the dipole transition (µe.g.) and transition energy (Ee.g.) similar to Eq. 3, and the first term depends on the dipole transition (µe.g.), transition energy (Ee.g.) and changes in dipole moments (Δµ) similar behavior to Eq. 5.

方程6和方程3、5之间的比较表明，第二项取决于与方程3相似的偶极跃迁（μe.g.）和跃迁能（Ee.g.），第一项取决于与方程5相似的偶极跃迁（μe.g.）、跃迁能（Ee.g.）和偶极矩变化（Δμ）。

In contrast to first and second terms, dipole transition (\(\mu _{{e^{\prime}e}}^{{}}\)) and energy transition from ground to the second excited state (\({E_{e^{\prime}g}}\)) have the contribution in the molecular higher-order nonlinearity. Hence, by neglecting the third term, the above expression can be rewritten according to Eq. 5 (a quasi-two-level model).$$\gamma ^{\prime}=\frac{{24\mu _{{eg}}^{2}}}{{E_{{eg}}^{3}}}(\Delta {\mu ^2} - \mu _{{eg}}^{2})$$.

。因此，通过忽略第三项，可以根据等式5（准两级模型）重写上述表达式$$\伽玛^{\素数}=\ frac{{{24 \ mu{{{{{eg}}}}{{E{{eg}}}^{3}}（\ Delta{\ mu ^ 2}-\ mu{{{eg}}}^{2}）$$。

(5)

(5)

As summarized in Table 5, and Table 6, sample III with high Δµ indicates high second-order hyperpolarizability compared to other samples. In general, charge distribution and molecular electronic structure are modified differently in environments with different polarity features. As shown in Fig. 9 (c), different nonlinear behaviors occur in low and high-polar solvent environments.

如表5和表6所示，与其他样品相比，具有高Δμ的样品III表示高二阶超极化率。通常，在具有不同极性特征的环境中，电荷分布和分子电子结构会发生不同的改变。如图9（c）所示，在低极性和高极性溶剂环境中发生不同的非线性行为。

For environments with ɛ < 21, by increment dielectric factor of solvents, molecular hyperpolarizability in the second order is enhanced. In opposite behaviors, the molecular nonlinear responses are decreased in environments with ɛ ˃ 21. In this case, in competition between various solute-solvent interactions, sample III with the methoxy group indicates high nonlinearity.

对于ɛ<21的环境，通过增加溶剂的介电因子，二阶分子超极化率得到增强。在相反的行为中，分子非线性响应在ɛ˃21的环境中降低。在这种情况下，在各种溶质-溶剂相互作用之间的竞争中，具有甲氧基的样品III显示出高度非线性。

The results display the same effects of solvents on the biomolecules’ linear polarizability, and their hyperpolarizability in the first and second order. Although, this qualitative study gives main data about environment polarity effects on the biomolecules’ nonlinear features, the studies on the contribution of each environment polarity effect will be helpful.

结果表明，溶剂对生物分子的线性极化率及其一阶和二阶超极化率具有相同的影响。虽然这项定性研究提供了有关环境极性效应对生物分子非线性特征的主要数据，但对每种环境极性效应的贡献的研究将有所帮助。

In this case, multi-linear analysis is used similarly to Sect. 3.2. According to Data in Tables 9 and 10, specific solute-solvent interactions have an important effect on the molecular hyperpolarizability. Although environments with strong hydrogen bond acceptor features are increased the nonlinear optical behaviors of sample I, nonlinearity of other samples is enhanced in environments with high hydrogen bond donor abilities.

在这种情况下，多线性分析的使用类似于Sect。三点二。根据表9和表10中的数据，特定的溶质-溶剂相互作用对分子超极化率有重要影响。尽管具有强氢键受体特征的环境增加了样品I的非线性光学行为，但在具有高氢键供体能力的环境中，其他样品的非线性增强。

So, a correct selection of polarity features of environments surrounding understudy molecules can enhance their nonlinear optical responses.Moreover, a comparison between the nonlinear optical properties of 1-Indanone compounds with.

因此，正确选择被研究分子周围环境的极性特征可以增强其非线性光学响应。此外，比较了1-茚酮化合物的非线性光学性质。

Data availability

数据可用性

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

本研究期间生成或分析的所有数据均包含在本文中。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsN.FundingNo funding sources.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Laser and Optics Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, IranMahsa Khadem SadighDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, IranZ. SayyarDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O.

下载referencesAcknowledgementsN。资金无资金来源。作者信息作者和附属机构博纳布大学激光与光学工程系，博纳布大学，博纳布，伊兰兹，博纳布大学，化学工程系。SayyardDepartment of Applied Chemistry，Faculty of Sciences，Mohaghegh Ardabili大学，P.O。

Box 56199–11367, Ardabil, IranA. N. ShamkhaliDepartment of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranR. Teimuri-Mofrad & K. RahimpourAuthorsMahsa Khadem SadighView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Sample preparation was performed by Z. Sayyar, R. Teimuri-Mofrad, and K. Rahimpour. Experimental analysis was performed by M. Khadem Sadigh. Theoretical analysis was performed by A. N.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献所有作者都为研究概念和设计做出了贡献。样品制备由Z.Sayyar，R.Teimuri Mofrad和K.Rahinpur进行。实验分析由M.Khadem Sadigh进行。理论分析由A.N。

Shamkhali. The first draft of the manuscript was written by M. Khadem Sadigh. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

沙姆哈里。手稿的初稿由M.Khadem Sadigh撰写。所有作者都阅读并批准了最终稿件。对应作者对应。

Mahsa Khadem Sadigh.Ethics declarations

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Competing interests

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

道德批准和同意参与

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleKhadem Sadigh, M., Sayyar, Z., Shamkhali, A.N. et al. Investigation of linear and microscopic nonlinear optical responses of 1-indanone compounds in different environments based on polarity models.

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Sci Rep 14, 26559 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78194-9Download citationReceived: 20 July 2024Accepted: 29 October 2024Published: 04 November 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78194-9Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Sci Rep 1426559（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78194-9Download引文收到日期：2024年7月20日接受日期：2024年10月29日发布日期：2024年11月4日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78194-9Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsBiomoleculesEnvironmentNonlinear opticsPolarity

关键词分子环境非线性光学极性