Stroop任务和实践效果表明，长期新冠肺炎和肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征患者存在认知功能障碍-动脉网

Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome

Nature 等信源发布 2024-11-05 01:17

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AbstractBackground: The Stroop task was used to investigate differences in cognitive function between Long COVID (LC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy control subjects. Methods: Subjects viewed four color words or neutral (XXXX) stimuli with the same (congruent) or different color ink (incongruent).

摘要背景：Stroop任务用于研究长冠状病毒（LC），肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征（ME/CFS）和健康对照受试者之间认知功能的差异。方法：受试者用相同（一致）或不同颜色的墨水（不一致）观察四色词或中性（XXXX）刺激。

Cognitive conflict was inferred from response times for pairings of prestimuli and subsequent stimuli. Overall effects were assessed by univariate analysis with time courses determined for binned response times. Results: LC and ME/CFS had significantly longer response times than controls indicating cognitive dysfunction.

认知冲突是从预刺激和后续刺激配对的反应时间推断出来的。通过单变量分析评估总体效果，并确定分箱响应时间的时间过程。结果：LC和ME/CFS的反应时间明显长于对照组，表明认知功能障碍。

Initial response times were ranked LC > ME > HC, and decreased according to power functions. At the end of the task (900s), times were ranked LC = ME > HC. Response times were significantly slower for stimuli following an incongruent prestimulus. Time series for Stroop effect, facilitation, interference, surprise index and practice power law parameters were generally similar in LC, ME/CFS and HC suggesting comparable patterns for recruitment of cognitive resources.

初始响应时间排名为LC>，ME>，HC，并根据幂函数降低。在任务结束时（900秒），时间排名为LC=。不一致的刺激后，刺激的反应时间明显较慢。在LC，ME/CFS和HC中，Stroop效应，促进，干扰，惊讶指数和实践幂律参数的时间序列通常相似，这表明招募认知资源的模式相似。

The prestimulus data were analyzed and generated positive Stroop and interference effects that were distinct from stimulus effects. Conclusion: LC and ME/CFS have global slowing of response times that cannot be overcome by practice suggesting impaired communications between network nodes during problem solving.

分析刺激前数据并产生与刺激效应不同的积极Stroop和干扰效应。结论：LC和ME/CFS的响应时间整体减慢，这是无法通过实践克服的，表明在解决问题期间网络节点之间的通信受损。

Analysis of matched prestimulus – stimulus effects adds a new dimension for understanding cognitive conflict. Brief Summary: Cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID and ME/CFS was demonstrated using the Stroop task which found global slowing of response times and limitations of practice effects..

对匹配的刺激前刺激效应的分析为理解认知冲突增加了一个新的维度。小结：使用Stroop任务证明了长新型冠状病毒和ME/CFS的认知功能障碍，该任务发现全球反应时间减慢，实践效果有限。。

IntroductionMyalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease with disability, fatigue, postexertional malaise (PEM), cognitive lapses, nonrefreshing sleep, interoceptive distress, pain and orthostatic complaints1,2,3,4,5,6. PEM is the key manifestation. Physical, cognitive or emotional exertion at greater than usual levels, lead to symptom relapse that may be of immediate onset or delayed by hours and that forces patients to remain in bed or house bound until recovery.

引言肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征（ME/CFS）是一种慢性疾病，伴有残疾，疲劳，运动后不适（PEM），认知功能减退，睡眠不新鲜，感受性痛苦，疼痛和直立性抱怨1,2,3,4,5,6。PEM是关键表现。身体、认知或情绪的消耗超过正常水平，会导致症状复发，症状可能会立即发作或延迟数小时，并迫使患者躺在床上或家中直到康复。

There have been multiple epidemic outbreaks, but most cases are sporadic. Patients often recall a severe flu-like illness that never resolved. This symptom profile mirrors Long COVID (LC), the persistent fatiguing illness that does not abate after acute SARS-CoV2 infection6. Long-COVID (LC) participants were selected if they had one or more of these symptoms, moderate or worse severity, onset less than 3 months following COVID-19 infection and persistence for at least 3 months according to the WHO working case definition7.

已经发生了多次疫情爆发，但大多数病例是零星的。患者经常回忆起一种从未消退的严重流感样疾病。这种症状反映了长时间的新型冠状病毒（LC），这是一种持续的疲劳性疾病，在急性SARS-CoV2感染后不会减轻6。根据世界卫生组织工作案例定义，如果长型冠状病毒（LC）参与者有一种或多种这些症状，中度或更严重，在新型冠状病毒感染后不到3个月发病，并且持续至少3个月，则选择长型冠状病毒（LC）参与者7。

ME/CFS (ME) patients met International Case Criteria (ICC)3or 1994 Center for Disease Control (“Fukuda”) criteria2. It is not known if ME/CFS and Long COVID are parallel symptom complexes that share the same longitudinal brain, metabolic or immune pathologies8. There are no diagnostic tests or approved therapies for either disorder.

ME/CFS（ME）患者符合国际病例标准（ICC）3或1994年疾病控制中心（“福田”）标准2。目前尚不清楚ME/CFS和长COVID是否是平行的症状复合物，它们具有相同的纵向大脑，代谢或免疫病理8。这两种疾病都没有诊断测试或批准的治疗方法。

Symptoms of “brain fog” and cognitive dysfunction are diagnostic features of both ME/CFS and LC9,10,11,12,13,14.Neuropsychological testing in ME/CFS has quantified cognitive impairment affecting visuospatial immediate memory (Hedges’ g = 0.55, p = 0.007), reading speed (g = 0.82, p= 0.0001), processes of storage, retrieval and recognition that are inherent in episodic verbal memory, recovery of visual memories and low effici.

“脑雾”和认知功能障碍的症状是ME/CFS和LC9,10,11,12,13,14的诊断特征。ME/CFS中的神经心理学测试量化了影响视觉空间即时记忆的认知障碍（Hedges'g0.55，p=0.007），阅读速度（g0.82，p=0.0001），情景语言记忆固有的存储，检索和识别过程，视觉记忆的恢复和低效。

Data availability

数据可用性

Data AvailabilityAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

数据可用性本研究期间生成或分析的所有数据均包含在本文及其补充信息文件中。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe are thankful to Ms. Tania Manning, Ms. Kay Schwarz and Ms. Vivienne Baraniuk for editorial support and arranging the recruitment of patients and healthy control participants who donated their time and effort to participate in this study.FundingThe Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USAJames N BaraniukNational Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaJames N Baraniuk, Kiran Thapaliya, Maira Inderyas & Leighton R BarndenThompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, AustraliaZack Y ShanAuthorsJames N BaraniukView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们感谢Tania Manning女士，Kay Schwarz女士和Vivienne Baraniuk女士的编辑支持，并安排招募患者和健康对照参与者，他们捐赠了他们的时间和精力参与这项研究。资助斯塔福德·福克斯医学研究基金会。作者信息作者和附属机构华盛顿特区乔治敦大学医学系，美国詹姆斯·巴拉纽克国家神经免疫学和新兴疾病中心，格里菲斯大学，金海岸，昆士兰州，澳大利亚詹姆斯·巴拉纽克，基兰·塔帕利亚，迈拉·因德亚斯和莱顿·R·巴恩顿·汤普森研究所，阳光海岸大学，阳光海岸，昆士兰州，澳大利亚萨克Y山作者詹姆斯·巴拉纽克观点作者出版物你也可以在中搜索这位作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJB performed analysis, interpretation of data, drafting, and final approval. KT performed conception, design, data acquisition and final approval. MI performed data acquisition, reviewing, and final approval. ZS performed design, data acquisition, and final approval.

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJB进行了分析，数据解释，起草和最终批准。KT进行了概念设计、数据采集和最终批准。MI进行了数据采集，审查和最终批准。ZS进行了设计，数据采集和最终批准。

LB performed the original conception work, design, analysis, interpretation of data, drafting, and final approval. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

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James N Baraniuk.Ethics declarations

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleBaraniuk, J.N., Thapaliya, K., Inderyas, M. et al. Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome.

转载和许可本文引用本文Baraniuk，J.N.，Thapaliya，K.，Inderyas，M。等人。Stroop任务和实践效果证明了长冠状病毒和肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征的认知功能障碍。

Sci Rep 14, 26796 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75651-3Download citationReceived: 22 July 2024Accepted: 07 October 2024Published: 05 November 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75651-3Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Sci Rep 1426796（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75651-3Download引文接收日期：2024年7月22日接受日期：2024年10月7日发布日期：2024年11月5日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75651-3Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsStroop effectFacilitationInterferencePracticeCognitive dysfunctionLong COVIDMyalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndromeME/CFS

关键词部队效应促进干预认知功能障碍长共济失调性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征/CFS

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