Since the introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) almost four decades ago, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as promising tools to study brain-behaviour relationships in healthy and impaired states with unprecedented precision. Various NIBS techniques, including TMS, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and emerging methods such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) are employed in both research and clinical settings.

自近四十年前引入经颅磁刺激（TMS）以来，非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）技术已成为以前所未有的精度研究健康和受损状态下大脑行为关系的有前途的工具。在研究和临床环境中都采用了各种NIBS技术，包括TMS，经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和新兴方法，如经颅交流电刺激（tACS）和经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）。

TMS has gained regulatory approval for treating conditions like major depressive disorder and migraine, while tDCS is showing efficacy in enhancing cognitive functions in various populations. This collection of articles examines key studies, including the modulation of cognitive-motor functions, optimization of light stimulation for Alzheimer’s therapy, and effects on risk-taking behaviour in violent offenders.

TMS已获得监管部门批准用于治疗重性抑郁症和偏头痛等疾病，而tDCS在增强不同人群的认知功能方面显示出功效。这组文章探讨了关键研究，包括认知运动功能的调节，阿尔茨海默病治疗的光刺激优化以及对暴力罪犯冒险行为的影响。

Notably, the findings suggest that NIBS can effectively influence executive functions and decision-making processes. They highlight the integration of NIBS with neuroimaging techniques, the importance of personalized targeting, and the potential for combined therapeutic approaches. Future directions include addressing methodological challenges and leveraging artificial intelligence to refine treatment protocols.

值得注意的是，研究结果表明，NIB可以有效地影响执行功能和决策过程。他们强调了NIB与神经影像学技术的整合，个性化靶向的重要性以及联合治疗方法的潜力。未来的方向包括解决方法学挑战和利用人工智能改进治疗方案。

Collectively, these advancements position NIBS as a transformative tool in both neuroscience research and clinical practice, offering new avenues for understanding and treating complex neuropsychiatric conditions..

总的来说，这些进步使NIBS成为神经科学研究和临床实践中的变革工具，为理解和治疗复杂的神经精神疾病提供了新的途径。。

Since the introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) by Barker et al.1 in 1985, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as promising tools to study brain-behaviour relationships in healthy and impaired states with unprecedented precision. Various types of NIBS techniques, each with its unique mechanism of action, are employed in both research and clinical settings.

自Barker等人于1985年引入经颅磁刺激（TMS）以来，非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）技术已成为以前所未有的精度研究健康和受损状态下大脑行为关系的有前途的工具。在研究和临床环境中都采用了各种类型的NIBS技术，每种技术都有其独特的作用机制。

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) utilizes magnetic fields to induce electrical currents in specific brain regions, allowing researchers to modulate neural activity with increasing precision. Conversely, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivers low electrical currents through scalp electrodes, influencing cortical excitability.

经颅磁刺激（TMS）利用磁场在特定大脑区域诱导电流，使研究人员能够更精确地调节神经活动。相反，经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）通过头皮电极提供低电流，影响皮层兴奋性。

Other techniques, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), offer alternative approaches to modulating brain activity through rhythmic or stochastic stimulation patterns. NIBS techniques represent a rapidly advancing field with profound ramifications for neuroscience research and therapy, alongside their application in psychiatric and neurological disorders2.NIBS holds significant promise as a therapeutic intervention tool since it affords us the unique opportunity to ‘modulate’ any reachable brain circuits linked with the ‘symptoms’ of neuropsychiatric disorders.

其他技术，如经颅交流电刺激（tACS）和经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS），提供了通过节律或随机刺激模式调节大脑活动的替代方法。NIBS技术代表了一个快速发展的领域，对神经科学研究和治疗产生了深远的影响，以及它们在精神病和神经系统疾病中的应用2.NIBS作为治疗干预工具具有重大前景，因为它为我们提供了独特的机会来“调节”与神经精神疾病的“症状”相关的任何可到达的大脑回路。

Use of TMS has already obtained regulatory approval as a therapeutic tool for major depressive disorder, migraine with aura, obsessive–compulsive disorder and nicotine use disorder3. By selectively modulating cortical excitability and influencing network plasticity, NIBS offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, Alzhei.

TMS的使用已获得监管部门的批准，可作为治疗重度抑郁症，先兆偏头痛，强迫症和尼古丁使用障碍的治疗工具3。。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsPD is currently being supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Innovation Fund from the Alternate Funding Plan of the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario, and the Academic Scholar Award from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsAzrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CanadaPushpal DesarkarTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CanadaPushpal DesarkarDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaPushpal DesarkarDepartment of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, 98121, Messina, ItalyCarmelo Mario VicarioDepartment of Psychology and Human Development, IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UKMojtaba SoltanlouDepartment of Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaMojtaba SoltanlouDepartment of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, M6J1H1, CanadaPushpal DesarkarAuthorsPushpal DesarkarView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢（Download referencesAcknowledgementsPD）目前得到加拿大卫生研究院（CIHR）、安大略省学术健康科学中心替代资助计划的创新基金以及多伦多大学精神病学系的学术学者奖的支持。作者信息作者和附属机构安大略省多伦多市成瘾与心理健康中心Azrieli成人神经发育中心，安大略省多伦多市成瘾与心理健康中心CanadaPushpal-DesarkarTemerty治疗性大脑干预中心，安大略省多伦多市多伦多大学精神病学系，安大略省多伦多市安大略省多伦多市安大略省多伦多市安大略省多伦多市安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略省安大略约翰内斯堡大学，南非约翰内斯堡Mojtaba SoltanlouDepartment of Psychiatry，Centre for Addiction and Mental Health，多伦多大学，1025 Queen Street West，Toronto，M6J1H1，CanadaPushpal DesarkarAuthorsPushpal DesarkarView Author Publications你也可以在中搜索这位作者。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleDesarkar, P., Vicario, C.M. & Soltanlou, M. Non-invasive brain stimulation in research and therapy.

转载和许可本文引用本文Desarkar，P.，Vicario，C.M。＆Soltanlou，M。研究和治疗中的非侵入性脑刺激。

Sci Rep 14, 29334 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79039-1Download citationPublished: 26 November 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79039-1Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Sci Rep 1429334（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79039-1Download引文发布日期：2024年11月26日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79039-1Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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KeywordsTranscranial magnetic stimulationTranscranial direct current stimulationTranscranial alternating current stimulationTranscranial random noise stimulationNon-invasive brain stimulation

关键词颅内磁刺激经颅直流电刺激经颅交流电刺激经颅随机噪声刺激无创脑刺激