In 2024, new insights identified a cluster of leptin-targeted neurons and integrative networks that link sensory inputs (heat and food perception) with feeding centres and peripheral systems. Key findings revealed hypothalamic site-specific adaptive mechanisms, in which nutritional state-dependent remodelling of extracellular compounds and neuropeptide transmission calibrate appetite via the arcuate nucleus.Key advances.

2024年，新见解确定了一组瘦素靶向神经元和整合网络，将感觉输入（热量和食物感知）与喂养中心和外围系统联系起来。主要发现揭示了下丘脑位点特异性适应机制，其中营养状态依赖性细胞外化合物重塑和神经肽传递通过弓状核校准食欲。关键进展。

AKT-dependent hepatic phosphorylation of MFF Ser131 triggers transient mitochondrial fragmentation, which regulates glucose production via proopiomelanocortin neurons in response to food cues or refeeding2.

MFF Ser131的AKT依赖性肝磷酸化触发瞬时线粒体片段化，其响应于食物线索或再喂食而通过proopiomelanocortin神经元调节葡萄糖产生2。

Tanycytes serve as integrative cellular foci that link thermosensing and feeding centres in the arcuate nucleus to limit feeding, as part of the thermodefensive response during fever or disease-induced hyperthermia3.

Tanycytes作为整合性细胞灶，将弓状核中的热感和摄食中心联系起来，以限制摄食，作为发烧或疾病引起的高热期间热防御反应的一部分3。

Fast-acting leptin-targeted neurons expressing BNC2 in the arcuate nucleus rapidly induce satiety, and act as precise counterparts to agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons by directly inhibiting them via GABAA receptors6.

在弓状核中表达BNC2的速效瘦素靶向神经元迅速诱导饱腹感，并通过GABAA受体直接抑制刺豚鼠相关蛋白（AgRP）神经元，从而成为刺豚鼠相关蛋白（AgRP）神经元的精确对应物6。

A stochastic, state-dependent release of αMSH and NPY from the arcuate nucleus calibrates the rate of satiation by modulating PVHMC4R neuronal activity through competitive neuropeptide signalling that regulates intracellular levels of cAMP8.

αMSH和NPY从弓状核的随机，状态依赖性释放通过调节细胞内cAMP8水平的竞争性神经肽信号传导调节PVHMC4R神经元活性来校准饱食率。

A pathological hypothalamic assembly between the perineural net and AgRP circuitry (neurofibrosis), compromises insulin penetration and signalling in the arcuate nucleus, which contributes to insulin resistance and obesity progression9.

神经周围网和AgRP回路（神经纤维化）之间的病理性下丘脑组装损害了弓状核中的胰岛素渗透和信号传导，这有助于胰岛素抵抗和肥胖进展9。

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

这是订阅内容的预览，可通过您的机构访问

Access options

访问选项

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Change institution

变革机构

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals

Access Nature和54种其他Nature投资组合期刊

Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription

获取Nature+，我们最具价值的在线访问订阅

24,99 € / 30 days

24,99欧元/30天

cancel any time

随时取消

Learn more

了解更多信息

Subscription info for Chinese customersWe have a dedicated website for our Chinese customers. Please go to naturechina.com to subscribe to this journal.Go to naturechina.com

中国客户的订阅信息我们为中国客户提供了一个专门的网站。请访问naturechina.com订阅本期刊。访问naturechina.com

Buy this article

购买这篇文章

Purchase on SpringerLink

在SpringerLink上购买

Instant access to full article PDF

即时访问全文PDF

Buy now

立即购买

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

价格可能需要缴纳结帐时计算的地方税

Additional access options:

其他访问选项：

Log in

登录

Learn about institutional subscriptions

了解机构订阅

Read our FAQs

阅读我们的常见问题

Contact customer support

联系客户支持

ReferencesBrandt, C. et al. Food perception primes hepatic ER homeostasis via melanocortin-dependent control of mTOR activation. Cell 175, 1321–1335.e20 (2018).Article

参考文献Brandt，C。等人。食物感知通过依赖黑皮质素的mTOR激活控制引发肝脏ER稳态。细胞1751321-1335.e20（2018）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Henschke, S. et al. Food perception promotes phosphorylation of MFFS131 and mitochondrial fragmentation in liver. Science 384, 438–446 (2024).Article

Henschke，S。等人。食物感知促进肝脏中MFFS131的磷酸化和线粒体断裂。科学384438-446（2024）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Benevento, M. et al. A brainstem-hypothalamus neuronal circuit reduces feeding upon heat exposure. Nature 628, 826–834 (2024).Article

Benevento，M。等人。脑干-下丘脑神经元回路可减少热暴露时的进食。自然628826-834（2024）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

PubMed 中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Luquet, S., Perez, F. A., Hnasko, T. S. & Palmiter, R. D. NPY/AgRP neurons are essential for feeding in adult mice but can be ablated in neonates. Science 310, 683–685 (2005).Article

Luquet，S.，Perez，F.A.，Hnasko，T.S。＆Palmiter，R.D。NPY/AgRP神经元对于成年小鼠的喂养至关重要，但可以在新生儿中消融。科学310683-685（2005）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Zhan, C. et al. Acute and long-term suppression of feeding behavior by POMC neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus, respectively. J. Neurosci. 33, 3624–3632 (2013).Article

詹，C。等。脑干和下丘脑POMC神经元对摄食行为的急性和长期抑制。J、 神经科学。333624-3632（2013）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tan, H. L. et al. Leptin-activated hypothalamic BNC2 neurons acutely suppress food intake. Nature (2024).Cowley, M. A. et al. Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat. Neuron 24, 155–163 (1999).Article .

。《自然》（2024）。Cowley，M.A.等人。NPY，AGRP和黑皮质素信号在下丘脑室旁核中的整合：脂肪形成的细胞基础的证据。神经元24155-163（1999）。文章。

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Zhang, S. X. et al. Stochastic neuropeptide signals compete to calibrate the rate of satiation. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08164-8 (2024).Article

Zhang，S.X.等人。随机神经肽信号竞争校准饱腹率。自然https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08164-8（2024年）。文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Beddows, C. A. et al. Pathogenic hypothalamic extracellular matrix promotes metabolic disease. Nature 633, 914–922 (2024).Article

Beddows，C.A。等人。致病性下丘脑细胞外基质促进代谢疾病。自然633914-922（2024）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Zhang, X. et al. Hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. Cell 135, 61–73 (2008).Article

Zhang，X。等人。下丘脑IKKbeta/NF-κB和内质网应激将营养过剩与能量失衡和肥胖联系起来。细胞135,61-73（2008）。文章

CAS

CAS

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

PubMed 中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsInstitute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, GermanyCristina Garcia-CaceresGerman Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, GermanyCristina Garcia-CaceresMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, GermanyCristina Garcia-CaceresAuthorsCristina Garcia-CaceresView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献作者信息作者和所属机构糖尿病与肥胖研究所，亥姆霍兹糖尿病中心，亥姆霍兹岑特鲁姆慕尼黑，德国环境卫生研究中心，纽赫伯格，德国克里斯蒂娜·加西亚·卡塞雷斯格曼糖尿病研究中心，纽赫伯格，德国克里斯蒂娜·加西亚·卡塞雷斯梅迪奇尼奇克和波利克尼克四世，克林库姆德大学，路德维希·马克西米利安大学，慕尼黑，德国克里斯蒂娜·加西亚·卡塞雷索斯汀娜·加西亚·卡塞雷斯维尤作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

PubMed Google ScholarCorresponding authorCorrespondence to

PubMed谷歌学者通讯社

Cristina Garcia-Caceres.Ethics declarations

克里斯蒂娜·加西亚·卡塞雷斯。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The author declares no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Supplementary informationSupplementary Table 1Rights and permissionsReprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleGarcia-Caceres, C. Advances in appetite regulation by the arcuate nucleus.

补充信息补充表1权利和许可打印和许可本文引用本文Garcia Caceres，C.弓形核食欲调节的进展。

Nat Rev Endocrinol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01079-4Download citationPublished: 13 December 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01079-4Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

Nat Rev Endocrinol（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01079-4Download引文发布日期：2024年12月13日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01079-4Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供