AbstractObjectiveEvaluating immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength (µSBS) between composite resin and glass ionomer cements using different adhesive systems and mechanical surface treatment.Materials and methodsA total of 240 specimens of glass ionomer restorative materials were divided into two groups: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) namely Riva Light Cure and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) namely Riva Self Cure.

摘要目的评估使用不同粘合剂体系和机械表面处理的复合树脂和玻璃离子水门汀之间的即时和延迟微剪切粘结强度（μSBS）。材料与方法将240例玻璃离子水门汀修复材料标本分为两组：树脂改性玻璃离子水门汀（RMGIC）即Riva光固化和常规玻璃离子水门汀（CGIC）即Riva自固化。

These were subdivided into immediate (24 h) and delayed (3 months) storage and further divided into smooth, medium, and rough surface treatment with either total etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies. Composite resin was applied and µSBS of the sample was determined and failure modes were examined.ResultsImmediate µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC and TE was better than SE.

这些被细分为立即（24小时）和延迟（3个月）储存，并进一步分为光滑，中等和粗糙的表面处理，采用全蚀刻（TE）或自蚀刻（SE）粘合剂策略。应用复合树脂并测定样品的μSBS并检查失效模式。结果RMGIC的即刻μSBS优于CGIC，TE优于SE。

Within RMGIC, smooth surface has significantly higher bond strength than medium and rough stone surface treatment. Delayed µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC. Within RMGIC specimens, TE and smooth and medium grit had significantly better bond strength than SE and rough grit. Within CGIC, statistically higher bond strength values were found with medium grit compared to smooth while no difference was found between TE and SE.ConclusionBonding composite resin to smooth RMGIC using TE yielded higher bond strength values than CGIC regardless of the time.

在RMGIC中，光滑表面的粘结强度明显高于中等和粗糙的石材表面处理。RMGIC的延迟μSBS优于CGIC。在RMGIC标本中，TE和光滑和中等粒度的粘结强度明显优于SE和粗糙粒度。在CGIC中，中等粒度的粘结强度值比光滑的粘结强度值高，而TE和SE之间没有差异。结论无论时间如何，使用TE将复合树脂粘结到光滑的RMGIC上都比CGIC产生更高的粘结强度值。

Bonding composite resin immediately to CGIC is best done using a TE technique. However, delayed bonding to CGIC requires roughening of the CGIC surface prior to placement of the composite resin to obtain improved bonding..

最好使用TE技术将复合树脂立即粘合到CGIC上。然而，延迟键合到CGIC需要在放置复合树脂之前将CGIC表面粗糙化以获得改进的键合。。

IntroductionDental restorative materials are intended to replace lost tooth structure with materials that are compatible with the oral environment and have enough strength to endure the stress produced during mastication. In 1972 Wilson and Kent have introduced Glass-Ionomer Cements (GICs) to dentistry and since then, they are commonly used in modern dentistry and are well recognized for their advantages, physical and chemical properties [1, 2].

引言牙科修复材料旨在用与口腔环境相容的材料代替丢失的牙齿结构，并具有足够的强度来承受咀嚼过程中产生的压力。1972年，威尔逊（Wilson）和肯特（Kent）将玻璃离子水门汀（GICs）引入牙科，从那时起，它们被广泛用于现代牙科，并因其优点，物理和化学性质而得到公认[1，2]。

Among these properties, their biocompatibility with the pulp, anticariogenic activity, low shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and fluoride release are considered to be the most important advantages of GICs [3]. Nevertheless, GICs are frequently used as a liner beneath resin composite restorations to seal the dentin and its dentinal tubules and reduce microleakage at the restoration margin.

。然而，GIC经常被用作树脂复合修复体下方的衬垫，以密封牙本质及其牙本质小管，并减少修复边缘的微渗漏。

This has been reported to increase the clinical success of the restoration [1, 4]. However, lack of chemical bonding between composite resin and conventional GICs affects the longevity of the final restoration [5].Accordingly, to improve the clinical application, bonding and mechanical properties of conventional GICs, hydrophilic monomers and the functional group HEMA [hydroxyl-ethyl methacrylate] have been added to GIC forming resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) [6, 7].

据报道，这可以提高修复的临床成功率[1，4]。然而，复合树脂和常规GIC之间缺乏化学键合会影响最终修复体的寿命（5）。因此，为了改善常规GIC的临床应用，粘合和力学性能，将亲水性单体和官能团HEMA[甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯]添加到GIC成型树脂改性玻璃离子水门汀（RMGIC）中[6，7]。

It was shown that RMGICs have much higher flexural strength and improved bonding to composite resin compared to conventional GICs [8].The bond between conventional GICs and composite resin is micromechanical. One method to optimize this bond is to create porosities on the surface of the GICs during the bonding process by total acid etching using phosphoric acid (etch-and-rinse systems) which improves the micro mechanical retention [9].

结果表明，与传统GIC（8）相比，RMGIC具有更高的弯曲强度和改善的与复合树脂的结合。常规GIC与复合树脂之间的键合是微观力学的。优化这种键合的一种方法是在键合过程中通过使用磷酸（蚀刻和冲洗系统）的总酸蚀刻在GIC表面上产生孔隙，这提高了微机械保留率（9）。

Etching time is another .

蚀刻时间是另一个。

Data availability

数据可用性

All data included in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

本研究中包含的所有数据均可应要求从通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSomaya Ali SalehDepartment of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaSomaya Ali Saleh, Nisreen Nabiel Hassan, Amna Algarni, Ranya Zahran, Abeer Farag & Danya HashemDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, EgyptAbeer FaragAuthorsSomaya Ali SalehView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsSS: conceptualization, methodology, data collection, data analysis, and writing original draft. NH: methodology, writing original draft. AA: methodology, validation, writing, review and editing. RZ: data collection, data analysis, validation.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献：概念化，方法论，数据收集，数据分析和撰写原稿。NH：方法论，撰写原稿。AA：方法论，验证，写作，评论和编辑。。

AF: conceptualization, writing original draft. DH: conceptualization, methodology, writing, review, and editing. All authors critically reviewed and approved the final draft.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

AF：概念化，撰写原稿。DH：概念化，方法论，写作，评论和编辑。所有作者都严格审查并批准了最终草案。对应作者对应。

Danya Hashem.Ethics declarations

丹雅·哈希姆。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

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No ethical approval or consent was required as this study did not involve human participants/tissues or laboratory animals.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleSaleh, S.A., Hassan, N.N., Algarni, A. et al. Immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength evaluation of two glass ionomer cements to composite resin by using different bonding techniques—an in vitro study.

转载和许可本文引用本文Saleh，S.A.，Hassan，N.N.，Algarni，A。等人。通过使用不同的粘合技术对两种玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂的即时和延迟微剪切粘合强度进行评估体外研究。

BDJ Open 10, 94 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00283-8Download citationReceived: 08 September 2024Revised: 19 November 2024Accepted: 21 November 2024Published: 17 December 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00283-8Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

BDJ公开赛10，94（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00283-8Download引文接收日期：2024年9月8日修订日期：2024年11月19日接受日期：2024年11月21日发布日期：2024年12月17日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00283-8Share。复制到剪贴板。

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Subjects

主题

Bonded restorationsComposite resinGlass-ionomer cement

粘结修复复合树脂玻璃离子水门汀