AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo investigate demographic enrolment characteristics in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) trials.Subjects/MethodsClinicaltrials.gov was searched with “age-related macular degeneration” to identify RCTs with double, triple, or quadruple masking. Trial (e.g., study location, phase, masking, trial initiation year, and sponsor origin) and patient demographic data were collected.

摘要背景/目的调查年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）试验中的人口登记特征。受试者/方法使用“年龄相关性黄斑变性”搜索ClinicalTrials.gov，以鉴定具有双重，三重或四重掩蔽的随机对照试验。收集试验（例如，研究地点，阶段，掩蔽，试验开始年份和赞助商来源）和患者人口统计学数据。

Sex-based AMD disease burdens were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database to calculate pooled female population-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs). Equitable trial enrolment was defined as PPR between 0.8–1.2. Demographic proportions were evaluated across trial characteristics using the Kruskal–Wallis test (alpha = 0.05) followed by post hoc comparisons.

。公平试验入学率定义为PPR在0.8-1.2之间。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验（alpha=0.05）评估试验特征中的人口比例，然后进行事后比较。

Secondary outcomes included absolute number of enrolled female, racial, and ethnic groups, and the association of trial characteristics with these demographics.ResultsWe included 106 trials (77,939 patients; 46.3% female), spanning 1990–2020. The pooled female PRR was 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82, 0.94).

次要结果包括登记的女性，种族和族裔群体的绝对数量，以及试验特征与这些人口统计学的关联。结果我们纳入了1990-2020年间的106项试验（77939名患者；46.3%女性）。合并的女性PRR为0.88（95%置信区间[CI]:0.82，0.94）。

PPR values were inconclusive studies with quadruple blinding; phase I, III, IV, or not applicable status; foreign (non-US) site; US-only and foreign-only sponsor; and an initiation year before 2010. There was no significant difference in PPR between sublevels of analysed trial characteristics. Of the 74 (69.8%) trials that adequately detailed race, White participants comprised the largest group (N = 57,917; 82% of total participants).

PPR值是四联盲法的非决定性研究；阶段I、III、IV或不适用状态；国外（非美国）网站；仅限美国和外国赞助商；2010年之前的一年。在分析的试验特征的子级别之间，PPR没有显着差异。在74项（69.8%）充分详细描述种族的试验中，白人参与者占最大群体（N = 57,917；82%的参与者）。

Thirty-seven (34.9%) trials adequately detailed ethnicity. The absolute enrolment of race and ethnic groups did not generally exhibit significant difference between sublevels of analysed trial characteristics.ConclusionsFemale enrolment was commensurate to their dise.

37项（34.9%）试验充分详细说明了种族。种族和族裔群体的绝对入学率在分析的试验特征的子级别之间通常没有显着差异。结论女性入学率与其疾病相称。

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

这是订阅内容的预览，可通过您的机构访问

Access options

访问选项

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Access through your institution

通过您的机构访问

Change institution

变革机构

Buy or subscribe

购买或订阅

Additional access options:

其他访问选项：

Log in

登录

Learn about institutional subscriptions

了解机构订阅

Read our FAQs

阅读我们的常见问题

Contact customer support

联系客户支持

Fig. 1

Data availability

数据可用性

Available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

。

ReferencesLim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, Holz FG, Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2012;379:1728–38.Article

参考文献Lim LS，Mitchell P，Seddon JM，Holz FG，Wong TY。年龄相关性黄斑变性。柳叶刀。2012年；379:1728–38.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

More P, Almuhtaseb H, Smith D, Fraser S, Lotery AJ. Socio-economic status and outcomes for patients with age-related macular degeneration. Eye. 2019;33:1224–31.Article

More P，Almuhtaseb H，Smith D，Fraser S，Lotery AJ。年龄相关性黄斑变性患者的社会经济状况和预后。眼睛。2019年；33:1224–31.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Shughoury A, Sevgi DD, Ciulla TA. Molecular genetic mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration. Genes. 2022;13:1233.Yuk J-S, Hwang JH. Menopause and the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration in Korean women. J Clin Med. 2022;11:1899.Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors.

Shughoury A，Sevgi DD，Ciulla TA。。基因。2022年；13： 黄建华Yuk J-S。更年期和韩国女性发生年龄相关性黄斑变性的风险。J临床医学杂志2022；11： Pennington KL，DeAngelis MM。年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的流行病学：与心血管疾病表型和脂质因素的关联。

Eye Vis. 2016;3:34.Article .

眼睛可见。2016年；3： 第34条。

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Miao Z, Pei-Chen D, Jing-Hong L, Xiao-Feng Z, Chen-Wei P. Geographic distributions of age-related macular degeneration incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105:1427.Article

Miao Z，Pei Chen D，Jing Hong L，Xiao Feng Z，Chen Wei P.年龄相关性黄斑变性发病率的地理分布：系统评价和荟萃分析。Br J眼科。2021年；105:1427.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Chang MA, Bressler SB, Munoz B, West SK. Racial differences and other risk factors for incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration: Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2395–402.Article

Chang MA，Bressler SB，Munoz B，West SK。年龄相关性黄斑变性发病率和进展的种族差异和其他危险因素：索尔兹伯里眼科评估（SEE）项目。投资眼科Vis Sci。2008年；49:2395–402.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Aninye IO, Digre K, Hartnett ME, Baldonado K, Shriver EM, Periman LM, et al. The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States. Biol Sex Differ. 2021;12:57.Article

Aninye IO，Digre K，Hartnett ME，Baldonado K，Shriver EM，Periman LM等。性别和性别在美国女性眼部健康差异中的作用。生物性别不同。2021年；12： 第57条

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Lin X, Lou L, Miao Q, Wang Y, Jin K, Shan P, et al. The pattern and gender disparity in global burden of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2020;31:1161–70.Article

林X，娄L，苗Q，王Y，金K，单P，等。年龄相关性黄斑变性全球负担的模式和性别差异。Eur J Ophthalmol。2020年；31:1161–70.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tao BK, Vosoughi AR, He B, Ling J, Xia M, Rocha G, et al. Representational disparity of sex, race, and ethnicity in presbyopia clinical trials: a cross-sectional study. Eye. 2023;37:3871–3.Article

Tao BK，Vosoughi AR，He B，Ling J，Xia M，Rocha G等。老视临床试验中性别，种族和种族的代表性差异：横断面研究。眼睛。2023年；37:3871–3.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tao B, Xie J, Xia M, Marzban S, Vosoughi A, Ahuja N, et al. Diversity in enrollment to clinical trials for cataract medicine and surgery: a meta-analysis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2024;50:460–7.Berkowitz ST, Groth SL, Gangaputra S, Patel S. Racial/ethnic disparities in ophthalmology clinical trials resulting in US Food and Drug Administration Drug Approvals from 2000 to 2020.

Tao B，Xie J，Xia M，Marzban S，Vosoughi A，Ahuja N等。白内障医学和外科临床试验注册的多样性：荟萃分析。J白内障折射外科杂志2024；50:460–7.Berkowitz ST，Groth SL，Gangaputra S，Patel S.眼科临床试验中的种族/民族差异导致2000年至2020年美国食品和药物管理局的药物批准。

JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139:629–37.Article .

JAMA眼科。2021年；139:629-37。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Bowe T, Salabati M, Soares RR, Huang C, Singh RP, Khan MA, et al. Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in diabetic macular edema clinical trials. Ophthalmol Retin. 2022;6:531–3.Article

Bowe T，Salabati M，Soares RR，Huang C，Singh RP，Khan MA等。糖尿病黄斑水肿临床试验中的种族，种族和性别差异。眼科视网膜蛋白。2022年；6： 531-3.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396:1204–22.Article

Vos T，Lim SS，Abbafati C，Abbas KM，Abbasi M，Abbasifard M等。1990-2019年204个国家和地区369种疾病和伤害的全球负担：2019年全球疾病负担研究的系统分析。柳叶刀。2020年；396:1204–22.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

About the topic of race. United States Census Bureau; Suitland, Maryland, United States: 2023. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html.Blakeslee L, Caplan Z, Meyer JA, Rabe MA, Roberts AW. Age and sex composition: 2020. United States Census Buruea; Suitland, Maryland, United States: 2023.

关于种族的话题。美国人口普查局；美国马里兰州苏特兰：2023年。https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html.BlakesleeL，Caplan Z，Meyer JA，Rabe MA，Roberts AW。年龄和性别组成：2020。美国人口普查局；美国马里兰州苏特兰：2023年。

https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2023/decennial/c2020br-06.html.Chen S, Li J, Shu M. Use of participation to prevalence ratio for evaluating the representation status of women in oncology clinical trials. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8:479–80.Article .

https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2023/decennial/c2020br-06.html.ChenS，Li J，Shu M.使用参与率与患病率比率来评估女性在肿瘤临床试验中的代表性地位。JAMA Oncol。2022年；8： 479-80条。

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Togioka BM, Duvivier D, Young E. Diversity and discrimination in healthcare. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.Clark LT, Watkins L, Piña IL, Elmer M, Akinboboye O, Gorham M, et al. Increasing diversity in clinical trials: overcoming critical barriers. Curr Probl Cardiol.

Togioka BM，Duvivier D，Young E.医疗保健中的多样性和歧视。金银岛（佛罗里达）：StatPearls出版社；克拉克LT，沃特金斯L，皮尼亚IL，埃尔默M，阿金博耶O，戈勒姆M等。增加临床试验的多样性：克服关键障碍。电流问题心脏。

2019;44:148–72.Article .

2019年；44:148-72。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Schwartz AL, Alsan M, Morris AA, Halpern SD. Why diverse clinical trial participation matters. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1252–4.Article

Schwartz AL，Alsan M，Morris AA，Halpern SD。为什么不同的临床试验参与很重要。英格兰医学杂志2023；388:1252–4.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sharma A, Palaniappan L. Improving diversity in medical research. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2021;7:74.Article

Sharma A，Palaniappan L.改善医学研究的多样性。Nat版本Dis Prim。2021年；7： 74、条款

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Birnbaum FA. Gender and ethnicity of enrolled participants in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trials for approved ophthalmological new molecular entities. J Natl Med Assoc. 2018;110:473–9.PubMed

Birnbaum FA。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的眼科新分子实体临床试验登记参与者的性别和种族。J Natl Med Assoc.2018；110:473–9.PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Moore DB. Reporting of race and ethnicity in the ophthalmology literature in 2019. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138:903–6.Article

摩尔DB。2019年眼科文献中关于种族和民族的报道。JAMA眼科。2020年；138:903–6.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau; 2023. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045222.Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Wong TY, Cotch MF, Liu K, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in 4 racial/ethnic groups in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

快速事实。美国人口普查局；2023https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045222.KleinR，Klein BEK，Knudtson MD，Wong TY，Cotch MF，Liu K等。动脉粥样硬化多民族研究中4个种族/民族年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率。

Ophthalmology. 2006;113:373–80.Article .

眼科学。2006年；113:373-80。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Yanagi Y, Foo VHX, Yoshida A. Asian age-related macular degeneration: from basic science research perspective. Eye. 2019;33:34–49.Article

Yanagi Y，Foo VHX，Yoshida A.亚洲年龄相关性黄斑变性：从基础科学研究的角度。眼睛。2019年；33:34–49.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Fisher DE, Klein BEK, Wong TY, Rotter JI, Li X, Shrager S, et al. Incidence of age-related macular degeneration in a multi-ethnic United States population: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1297–308.Article

Fisher DE，Klein BEK，Wong TY，Rotter JI，Li X，Shrager S等。美国多种族人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生率：动脉粥样硬化的多种族研究。眼科学。2016年；123:1297–308.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Kaakour A-H, Hua H-U, Rachitskaya A. Representation of race and ethnicity in randomized clinical trials of diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion compared to 2010 US Census Data. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140:1096–102.Article

Kaakour A-H，Hua H-U，Rachitskaya A.与2010年美国人口普查数据相比，糖尿病黄斑水肿和视网膜静脉阻塞随机临床试验中种族和种族的代表性。JAMA眼科。2022年；140:1096–102.文章

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Sanjiv N, Osathanugrah P, Harrell M, Siegel NH, Ness S, Chen X, et al. Race and ethnic representation among clinical trials for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema within the United States: a review. J Natl Med Assoc. 2022;114:123–40.PubMed

Sanjiv N，Osathanugrah P，Harrell M，Siegel NH，Ness S，Chen X等。美国糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病黄斑水肿临床试验中的种族和种族代表：综述。J Natl Med Assoc.2022；114:123–40.PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Allison K, Patel DG, Greene L. Racial and ethnic disparities in primary open-angle glaucoma clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e218348.Article

Allison K，Patel DG，Greene L.原发性开角型青光眼临床试验中的种族和种族差异：系统评价和荟萃分析。JAMA网络打开。2021年；4： e218348。条款

PubMed

PubMed

PubMed Central

公共医学中心

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Yu AJ, Masalkhi M, Brown R, Chen B, Chhablani J. Racial and ethnic distribution in diabetic macular edema clinical trials in the United States (2002–2021). Ophthalmol Retina. 2023;7:1035–41.Murakami Y, Lee BW, Duncan M, Kao A, Huang J-Y, Singh K, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in adherence to glaucoma follow-up visits in a county hospital population.

Yu AJ，Masalkhi M，Brown R，Chen B，Chhablani J.美国糖尿病性黄斑水肿临床试验中的种族和种族分布（2002-2021）。眼科视网膜。2023年；7： 1035–41.Murakami Y，Lee BW，Duncan M，Kao A，Huang J-Y，Singh K等。县级医院人群青光眼随访依从性的种族和种族差异。

Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129:872–8.Article .

足弓眼科。；129:872-8。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Racette L, Wilson MR, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Sample PA. Primary open-angle glaucoma in Blacks: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:295–313.Article

Racette L，Wilson MR，Zangwill LM，Weinreb RN，Sample PA.黑人原发性开角型青光眼：综述。Surv眼科。2003年；48:295–313.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Mahr MA, Hodge DO, Erie JC. Racial differences in age-related macular degeneration and associated anti–vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections among medicare beneficiaries. Ophthalmol Retin. 2018;2:1188–95.Article

Mahr MA，Hodge DO，Erie JC。医疗保险受益人中年龄相关性黄斑变性和相关抗血管内皮生长因子玻璃体内注射的种族差异。眼科视网膜蛋白。2018年；2： 1188-95.文章

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Number of clinical trials by year, country, WHO region and income group (1999-2022). World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2024. https://www.who.int/observatories/global-observatory-on-health-research-and-development/monitoring/number-of-clinical-trials-by-year-country-who-region-and-income-group.Flanagin A, Frey T, Christiansen SL.

按年份，国家，世卫组织地区和收入组分列的临床试验数量（1999-2022）。世界卫生组织；瑞士日内瓦：2024年。https://www.who.int/observatories/global-observatory-on-health-research-and-development/monitoring/number-of-clinical-trials-by-year-country-who-region-and-income-group.FlanaginA，Frey T，Christiansen SL。

Committee AMAMoS. Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals. JAMA. 2021;326:621–7.Article .

AMAMoS委员会。医学和科学期刊中关于种族和民族报道的最新指南。杰玛。2021年；326:621-7。文章。

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Tao BK, Xie JS, Kohly RP, Margolin E. Disease burden descriptions in trial protocols. Lancet. 2024;404:238–9.Article

Tao BK，Xie JS，Kohly RP，Margolin E.试验方案中的疾病负担描述。柳叶刀。2024年；404:238–9.文章

PubMed

PubMed

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

Seidler E, Keshaviah A, Brown C, Wood E, Granick L, Kimball A. Geographic distribution of clinical trials may lead to inequities in access. Clin Investig. 2014;4:373–80.Article

Seidler E，Keshaviah A，Brown C，Wood E，Granick L，Kimball A.临床试验的地理分布可能导致获取不公平。临床研究。2014年；4： 373-80.文章

CAS

中科院

Google Scholar

谷歌学者

clinicaltrials.gov. National Library of Medicine. Bethesda, Maryland, United States https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/about-ctg.Download referencesAuthor informationAuthors and AffiliationsFaculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, CanadaBrendan K.

clinicaltrials.gov。国家医学图书馆。美国马里兰州贝塞斯达https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/about-ctg.Download参考文献作者信息作者和附属机构不列颠哥伦比亚大学医学院，317-2194 Health Sciences Mall，Vancouver，BC，V6T 1Z3，CanadaBrendan K。

TaoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Suite 400, 340 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, CanadaJim S. Xie, Peng Yan, Rajeev Muni & Radha P. KohlyTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen’s Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, CanadaVictoria LeungFaculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road #2044, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, CanadaMilin PatelFaculty of Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, CanadaJeffrey XuOttawa Hospital Eye Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M2, CanadaCody LoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow St., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaNawaaz Nathoo, Wai-Ching Lam & Eduardo V.

。

NavajasAuthorsBrendan K. TaoView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

NavajasauthorsBrendanK.TaoView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索此作者。

PubMed Google ScholarJim S. XieView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学者Jim S.XieView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarVictoria LeungView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学者Victoria LeungView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarMilin PatelView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google Scholarmalin PatelView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarJeffrey XuView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed谷歌学者Jeffrey XuView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarCody LoView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarCody LoView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarPeng YanView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarPeng YanView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarNawaaz NathooView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarNawaaz NathooView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarWai-Ching LamView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarWai Ching LamView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarEduardo V. NavajasView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google ScholarEduardo V.NavajasView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarRajeev MuniView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google Scholarajeev MuniView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarRadha P. KohlyView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in

PubMed Google Scholaradha P.KohlyView作者出版物您也可以在

PubMed Google ScholarContributionsConceptualisation: BT, JSX, RK; methodology: BT, JSX; software: BT; validation: all authors; formal analysis: BT; investigation: BT, JSX, VL, MP, JX; resources: BT; data curation: BT, JSX, VL, MP, JX; writing original draft: all authors; writing review & editing: all authors; visualisation: BT; supervision: JSX, CL, PY, NN, WCL, EVN, RM, RK; project administration: BT; funding acquisition: not applicable.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献概念：BT，JSX，RK；方法：BT，JSX；软件：BT；验证：所有作者；形式分析：BT；调查：BT，JSX，VL，MP，JX；资源：英国电信；数据管理：BT，JSX，VL，MP，JX；撰写原稿：所有作者；写作评论和编辑：所有作者；可视化：BT；监督：JSX、CL、PY、NN、WCL、EVN、RM、RK；项目管理：英国电信；。对应作者对应。

Radha P. Kohly.Ethics declarations

Radha P.Kohly。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethical approval

道德认可

Under article 2.4 of the Tri-Council Policy Statement, institutional review board approval was waived since all data were sources from published primary research and publicly available registries. No identifiable information was generated by this work.

根据Tri理事会政策声明第2.4条，机构审查委员会不予批准，因为所有数据均来自已发表的主要研究和公开可用的登记处。这项工作没有产生任何可识别的信息。

Additional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Rights and permissionsSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleTao, B.K., Xie, J.S., Leung, V.

Additional informationPublisher的注释Springer Nature在已发布的地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。权利和许可Pringer Nature或其许可人（例如协会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有人的出版协议对本文拥有专有权；本文接受稿件版本的作者自行存档仅受此类出版协议和适用法律的条款管辖。转载和许可本文引用本文Tao，B.K.，Xie，J.S.，Leung，V。

et al. Enrolment characteristics in age-related macular degeneration clinical trials: a cross-sectional study..

等。年龄相关性黄斑变性临床试验的入选特征：横断面研究。。

Eye (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03572-6Download citationReceived: 26 June 2024Revised: 03 December 2024Accepted: 17 December 2024Published: 27 December 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03572-6Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

眼睛（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03572-6Download引文收到日期：2024年6月26日修订日期：2024年12月3日接受日期：2024年12月17日发布日期：2024年12月27日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03572-6Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

由Springer Nature SharedIt内容共享计划提供