AbstractStudy designQuasi-experimental pilot study.ObjectivesEvaluate the immediate effect of virtual reality (VR), gait-like muscle vibration (MV) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined or alone on neuropathic pain in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).SettingInpatient rehabilitation centre.MethodsFour participants (two women and two men) with neuropathic pain after SCI participated in the pilot study.

摘要研究设计准实验性试点研究。目的评估虚拟现实（VR），步态样肌肉振动（MV）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）联合或单独对脊髓损伤（SCI）患者神经性疼痛的即时影响。设置住院康复中心。方法四名SCI后神经性疼痛的参与者（两名女性和两名男性）参加了初步研究。

All participants received one session per week for four weeks. Each session started with a single-blind administration of active or sham tDCS (20 min) delivered in a pseudo-randomized order, followed by three interventions applied in a pseudo-randomized order (10 min each): gait-like muscle vibration only, watching a walking self-avatar in VR only and the combination of muscle vibration and VR.

所有参与者每周接受一次会议，持续四周。每次会议以伪随机顺序单盲给予主动或假tDCS（20分钟）开始，然后以伪随机顺序（每次10分钟）进行三次干预：仅步态样肌肉振动，仅在VR中观察行走自我化身以及肌肉振动和VR的组合。

The intensity of pain was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (0–10, minimal clinically important difference: 2 points) before and after each stimulation.ResultsParticipants reported significant reduction of pain (reduction of two points or more) in 4/7 stimulations where VR was associated with muscle vibration, in 1/8 for VR-alone stimulations and in 1/7 for MV-only stimulations.

在每次刺激之前和之后，使用数字评定量表（0-10，最小临床重要差异：2分）评估疼痛强度。结果参与者报告说，在VR与肌肉振动相关的4/7刺激中，疼痛显着减轻（减少两点或更多），仅VR刺激为1/8，仅MV刺激为1/7。

Significant change in pain was found in 1/8 sham tDCS, but not after active tDCS.ConclusionsOur pilot study showed immediate pain relief when a walking-avatar VR stimulation was associated with gait-like muscle vibration. Even though previous studies supported tDCS for pain reduction, we did not observe any changes in pain after tDCS, likely due to its application once a week.

在1/8假tDCS中发现疼痛的显着变化，但在活动tDCS后没有发现。结论SOUR试点研究显示，当步行化身VR刺激与步态样肌肉振动相关时，疼痛立即缓解。尽管之前的研究支持tDCS减轻疼痛，但我们没有观察到tDCS后疼痛的任何变化，可能是由于每周应用一次。

Further research is needed to strengthen these promising results..

需要进一步的研究来加强这些有希望的结果。。

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Fig. 1: Study design for one out of four sessions.Fig. 2Fig. 3: Pain intensity after active tDCS, VR and MV alone and combined when the sessions were started with active tDCS.Fig. 4: Pain intensity after sham tDCS, VR and MV alone and combined when the sessions were started with sham tDCS.

图1：四分之一课程的研究设计。图2图。3： 活动tDCS后的疼痛强度，单独使用VR和MV，并在活动tDCS开始时合并使用。图4：假tDCS后的疼痛强度，单独使用VR和MV，并在假tDCS开始治疗时合并使用。

Data availability

数据可用性

The database generated and analysed in this study is available in the Supplementary file online and from the corresponding author.

本研究中生成和分析的数据库可在在线补充文件和通讯作者处获得。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the participants for their time.FundingFunding was obtained from the New Initiatives Program from the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR) of Greater Montreal, funded by Fonds de recherche du Québec—Santé et —Société et culture.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsInstitut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal — Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Montréal, QC, CanadaPauline Sabalette, Nancy Dubé, Philippe Ménard, Mélanie Labelle, Marie-Thérèse Laramée, Johanne Higgins, Dorothy Barthélemy & Cyril DuclosSchool of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaPauline Sabalette, Johanne Higgins, Dorothy Barthélemy & Cyril DuclosNational Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaMelanie Segado & Catherine ProulxAuthorsPauline SabaletteView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

下载参考文献致谢我们要感谢参与者抽出时间。资金来源于大蒙特利尔跨学科康复研究中心（CRIR）的新倡议计划，该计划由魁北克圣德社会文化研究基金会资助。作者信息作者和附属机构蒙特勒尔大学适应医学研究所-康复跨学科研究中心，蒙特勒尔，QC，CanadaPauline Sabalette，Nancy Dubé，Philippe Ménard，Mélanie Labelle，Marie ThéRèse Laramée，Johanne Higgins，Dorothy Barthélemy＆Cyril DuclossSchool of Recoveration，蒙特勒尔大学，蒙特勒尔，QC，CanadaPauline Sabalette，Johanne Higgins，Dorothy Barthélemy＆Cyril Ril DuclosNational Research Council Canada，Ottawa，ON，CanadaMelanie Segado&Catherine ProulxAuthorsPauline SabaletteView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索这位作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsAll co-authors have significantly contributed to the study, discussed, and interpreted data, critically reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final version. ND, PM, ML, MTL, JH, DB, CP and CD. planned and designed the study. ND, PM, MS, CP and CD acquired the data.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献所有合著者都为这项研究做出了重大贡献，讨论和解释了数据，批判性地审查了手稿，并批准了最终版本。ND，PM，ML，MTL，JH，DB，CP和CD。计划和设计了这项研究。ND，PM，MS，CP和CD采集了数据。

PS, CD analysed the data, produced figures, and prepared the draft of the manuscript. DB, CP, and CD supervised the study.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PS，CD分析了数据，绘制了数字，并准备了手稿的草稿。DB，CP和CD监督了这项研究。对应作者对应。

Pauline Sabalette.Ethics declarations

波琳·萨巴莱特。道德宣言

Competing interests

相互竞争的利益

The authors declare no competing interests.

作者声明没有利益冲突。

Ethical approval

道德认可

Ethical approval for the protocol has been granted by the research ethics committee of the CRIR and National Research Council Canada research ethics board. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

CRIR研究伦理委员会和加拿大国家研究委员会研究伦理委员会已批准该方案的伦理批准。所有方法均按照相关指南和规定进行。

Additional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary informationIndividuals Pain Data for all participants with all interventionsRights and permissionsSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g.

Additional informationPublisher的注释Springer Nature在已发布的地图和机构隶属关系中的管辖权主张方面保持中立。补充信息具有所有干预权利和许可的所有参与者的个人疼痛数据Springer性质或其许可人（例如。

a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleSabalette, P., Dubé, N., Ménard, P.

协会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有人的出版协议对本文拥有专有权；本文接受稿件版本的作者自行存档仅受此类出版协议和适用法律的条款管辖。转载和许可本文引用本文Balette，P.，Dubé，N.，Ménard，P。

et al. Immediate effect of alone and combined virtual reality, gait-like muscle vibration and transcranial direct current stimulation on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot study..

等。单独和联合虚拟现实，步态样肌肉振动和经颅直流电刺激对脊髓损伤后神经性疼痛的即时影响：一项初步研究。。

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 10, 83 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00696-5Download citationReceived: 01 December 2023Revised: 10 December 2024Accepted: 18 December 2024Published: 27 December 2024DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00696-5Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

脊髓Ser病例10,83（2024）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00696-5Download引文接收日期：2023年12月1日修订日期：2024年12月10日接受日期：2024年12月18日发布日期：2024年12月27日OI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00696-5Share本文与您共享以下链接的任何人都可以阅读此内容：获取可共享链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板。

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