AbstractIt is crucial to determine the potential subgroups of sleep disturbances in patients undergoing elective surgery based on the importance of symptom clusters and individual characteristics in order to develop targeted symptom management plans. This study explored the potential categories of postoperative sleep disturbances in patients undergoing elective surgery through latent profile analysis, and explored the influencing factors of each category.

摘要根据症状群和个体特征的重要性，确定择期手术患者睡眠障碍的潜在亚组至关重要，以便制定有针对性的症状管理计划。本研究通过潜在概况分析探讨了择期手术患者术后睡眠障碍的潜在类别，并探讨了每种类别的影响因素。

A total of 400 eligible elective surgery patients were included in the analysis, and three potential subgroups were identified: mild sleep disturbance group (c1 = 140,35.0%), moderate sleep sleep disturbance group (c2 = 177,44.2%), and severe sleep disturbance group (c3 = 83,20.8%). It was found that the higher the BMI, the greater the probability of patients belonging to the moderate sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.114, P = 0.002) and the severe sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.258, P < 0.001),the longer the duration of anesthesia the greater the likelihood of patients belonging to the severe sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.004,P = 0.011), the greater the pain the greater the probability of patients belonging to the moderate sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.590,P < 0.001) and severe sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.785,P < 0.001), and the higher the anxiety level the greater the probability that patients were in the moderate sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.135,P = 0.007) and severe sleep disturbance group (OR = 1.261,P < 0.001)..

共有400名符合条件的择期手术患者被纳入分析，并确定了三个潜在的亚组：轻度睡眠障碍组（c1 = 140,35.0%），中度睡眠障碍组（c2=177,44.2%）和重度睡眠障碍组（c3 = 83,20.8%）。结果发现，BMI越高，属于中度睡眠障碍组（或 = 1.114, P=0.002）和严重睡眠障碍组（OR=1.258，P<0.001），麻醉持续时间越长，属于严重睡眠障碍组的患者的可能性越大（OR = 1.004,P=0.011），疼痛越大，属于中度睡眠障碍组的患者的可能性越大（或 = 1.590,P<0.001）和严重睡眠障碍组（OR=1.785，P<0.001），焦虑水平越高，患者处于中度睡眠障碍组的可能性越大（或 = 1.135,P=0.007）和严重睡眠障碍组（OR=1.261，P<0.001）。。

IntroductionPostoperative Sleep Disturbances (PSD) refer to the abnormal changes in sleep duration and quality experienced by patients following surgical procedures. These disturbances can manifest as reduced sleep duration, decreased sleep quality, and alterations in sleep structure1,2,3,4. Patients may encounter difficulties falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, early morning awakenings, fragmented sleep, and disruptions in sleep cycles5,6,7.

引言术后睡眠障碍（PSD）是指手术后患者睡眠时间和质量的异常变化。这些干扰可以表现为睡眠时间缩短，睡眠质量下降以及睡眠结构改变1,2,3,4。患者可能会遇到入睡困难，夜间频繁醒来，清晨醒来，睡眠不完整以及睡眠周期中断5,6,7。

PSD is a common complication of surgery, with an incidence ranging from 15 to 72%8,9 The occurrence of PSD can adversely impact postoperative recovery and affect cognitive function, emotional well-being, memory, pain perception, cardiovascular outcomes, and metabolic processes.PSD results from the interplay of multiple factors.

PSD是手术的常见并发症，发病率在15%至72%之间[8,9]。PSD的发生会对术后恢复产生不利影响，并影响认知功能，情绪健康，记忆，疼痛感知，心血管结局和代谢过程。PSD是多种因素相互作用的结果。

Specific conditions following surgery-such as the type of surgical procedure, anesthesia duration, length of surgery, and discomfort caused by postoperative pain and complications-can all influence sleep quality10,11,12. A single-center prospective observational study found that orthopedic surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, ear-nose-throat surgery, and longer surgery duration are significant risk factors for the occurrence of PSD13.

手术后的特定情况，例如手术类型，麻醉持续时间，手术时间以及术后疼痛和并发症引起的不适，都会影响睡眠质量10,11,12。一项单中心前瞻性观察性研究发现，整形外科手术，胃肠道手术，耳鼻喉手术和更长的手术时间是PSD13发生的重要危险因素。

Randomized clinical trials investigating PSD in gynecological laparoscopic surgery have shown that preoperative anxiety and depression scores, anesthesia duration, and postoperative pain scores are associated with the incidence of PSD14,15. Researchers have utilized the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to categorize elderly patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery into groups based on sleep disturbances (a score of ≥ 5 indicates sleep disturbance) and used logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors for PSD.

研究妇科腹腔镜手术中PSD的随机临床试验表明，术前焦虑和抑郁评分，麻醉持续时间和术后疼痛评分与PSD14,15的发生率相关。研究人员利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）根据睡眠障碍（得分为 ≥ 5 表示睡眠障碍），并使用逻辑回归分析来确定PSD的危险因素。

The findings indicated that a hist.

。

Data availability

数据可用性

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the fact that the data used in this study is from the author’s master’s thesis, it is currently in the research stage, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

由于本研究中使用的数据来自作者的硕士论文，目前处于研究阶段，但可从通讯作者处获得，因此本研究中生成和/或分析的数据集尚未公开。

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe gratefully acknowledge all patients who participated in our study as well as the support from their families, and we also thank the investigators and staff in this clinical study for their valuable contributions.FundingThe work was supported by grants from the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program (Grant No.

下载参考文献致谢我们非常感谢所有参与我们研究的患者及其家人的支持，我们也感谢本临床研究的研究人员和工作人员的宝贵贡献。资助这项工作得到了贵州省科学技术计划（批准号：。

ZK[2023] General 527), The Program for Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province. Qiankehe Platform Talents (No. [2021] 5613) and The Key Program for Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province (No. ZK [2021] 007).Author informationAuthor notesBinxu Yang and Jingjing Li have contributed equally to this work.Authors and AffiliationsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, ChinaBinxu Yang, Jingjing Li, Dan Feng, Jing Gong, Yifei Yang, Xusihong Cai, Shuwen Huang, Puzhong Gao, Qingde Wa & Jing ZhouNursing School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, ChinaJing Zhou School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Homantin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, ChinaLorna Kwai Ping SuenAuthorsBinxu YangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

ZK[2023]527），贵州省科技计划项目。黔科合平台人才（黔科合[2021]5613号）和贵州省科技重点项目（黔科合[2021]007号）。作者信息作者注杨斌旭和李晶晶对这项工作做出了同样的贡献。作者和附属机构遵义医科大学第二附属医院，贵州遵义，杨斌旭，李晶晶，冯丹，龚晶，杨逸飞，蔡徐四红，黄淑文，高普忠，遵义医科大学青德瓦荆州护理学院，遵义，中国荆州护理学院，香港特别行政区霍马汀，香港，中国洛娜桂平Suenauthorstorsbinxu YangView作者出版物您也可以在中搜索作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsQ.D.W.,J.Z. did conceptualization, data collection, data analysis, methodology, and writing original Draft. B.X.Y.,J.J.L.supervised methodology, wrote original draft, and reviewed & edited the manuscript. D.F., J.G, and Y.F.Y. did writing—review and editing.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献。D、 W.，J.Z.进行了概念化，数据收集，数据分析，方法论和撰写原始草案。B、 X.Y.，J.J.L.监督方法，撰写原始草案，并审查和编辑手稿。D、 F.，J.G和Y.F.Y.进行了写作评论和编辑。

X.S.H. C.,S.W.H. collected data. L.K.P.S. and P.Z. G. did supervision, conceptualization, writing—review and editing.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to.

十、 S.H.C.，S.W.H.收集的数据。五十、 K.P.S.和P.Z.G.进行监督，概念化，写作评论和编辑。通讯作者通讯。

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleYang, B., Li, J., Feng, D. et al. Latent profiles and determinants of postoperative sleep quality in elective surgery patients.

转载和许可本文引用本文Yang，B.，Li，J.，Feng，D。等人。选择性手术患者术后睡眠质量的潜在特征和决定因素。

Sci Rep 15, 617 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84896-xDownload citationReceived: 01 August 2024Accepted: 29 December 2024Published: 03 January 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84896-xShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard.

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KeywordsElective surgeryPostoperative sleep disturbanceLatent profile analysis

关键词选择性手术术后睡眠障碍潜在特征分析