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Abstract
摘要
Advances in genomics have identified thousands of risk genes impacting human health and diseases, but the functions of these genes and their mechanistic contribution to disease are often unclear. Moving beyond identification to actionable biological pathways requires dissecting risk gene function and cell type-specific action in intact tissues.
基因组学的进步已经确定了数千种影响人类健康和疾病的风险基因,但这些基因的功能及其对疾病的机制贡献往往不清楚。超越鉴定到可行的生物学途径需要解剖完整组织中的风险基因功能和细胞类型特异性作用。
This gap can in part be addressed by in vivo Perturb-seq, a method that combines state-of-the-art gene editing tools for programmable perturbation of genes with high-content, high-resolution single-cell genomic assays as phenotypic readouts. Here we describe a detailed protocol to perform massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq using several versatile adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and provide guidance for conducting successful downstream analyses.
这种差距可以部分通过体内扰动-seq来解决,该方法结合了最先进的基因编辑工具,用于对具有高含量,高分辨率单细胞基因组测定作为表型读数的基因进行可编程扰动。在这里,我们描述了使用几种多功能腺相关病毒(AAV)载体进行大规模并行体内扰动序列的详细方案,并为成功进行下游分析提供了指导。
Expertise in mouse work, AAV production and single-cell genomics is required. We discuss key parameters for designing in vivo Perturb-seq experiments across diverse biological questions and contexts. We further detail the step-by-step procedure, from designing a perturbation library to producing and administering AAV, highlighting where quality control checks can offer critical go–no-go points for this time- and cost-expensive method.
需要小鼠工作,AAV生产和单细胞基因组学方面的专业知识。我们讨论了跨不同生物学问题和背景设计体内扰动序列实验的关键参数。我们进一步详细介绍了从设计扰动库到生产和管理AAV的逐步过程,重点介绍了质量控制检查可以为这种时间和成本昂贵的方法提供关键的通过点。
Finally, we discuss data analysis options and available software. In vivo Perturb-seq has the potential to greatly accelerate functional genomics studies in mammalian systems, and this protocol will help others adopt it to answer a broad array of biological questions. From guide RNA design to tissue collection and data collection, this protocol is expected to take 9–15 weeks to complete, followed by data analysis..
最后,我们讨论数据分析选项和可用软件。体内扰动-seq有可能大大加速哺乳动物系统中的功能基因组学研究,该协议将帮助其他人采用它来回答广泛的生物学问题。从指导RNA设计到组织收集和数据收集,该方案预计需要9-15周才能完成,然后进行数据分析。。
Key points
关键点
Versatile adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are combined with a transposon system to achieve high-level fast-onset expression of guide RNA perturbation libraries in live animals.
将多功能腺相关病毒(AAV)载体与转座子系统结合,以实现活动物中指导RNA扰动文库的高水平快速表达。
This protocol outlines strategies for designing the perturbation library, producing and administering AAV and performing downstream single-cell RNA sequencing and computational analyses.
该协议概述了设计扰动文库,产生和管理AAV以及执行下游单细胞RNA测序和计算分析的策略。
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Fig. 1: Overview of massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq screening.
图1:大规模并行体内扰动-seq筛选的概述。
Fig. 2: Schematics of the molecular design to enhance transgene expression through integrations.
。
Fig. 3: Examples of evaluation of in vivo administration density and multiplexity of AAV vectors before conducting a massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq experiment.
图3:在进行大规模平行的体内扰动-seq实验之前评估AAV载体的体内给药密度和多重性的例子。
Fig. 4: QC in a massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq experiment.
图4:QC在大规模平行的体内扰动序列实验中。
Fig. 5: Anticipated result from massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq.
图5:大规模平行体内扰动序列的预期结果。
Fig. 6: Example image of streaks made on an LB agar plate using a multichannel pipette after an overnight incubation.
图6:过夜孵育后使用多通道移液管在LB琼脂平板上形成的条纹的示例图像。
Data availability
数据可用性
The data included in this protocol are from the key reference publication
该协议中包含的数据来自关键参考出版物
11
11
. The raw data generated in that key reference study are available on Mendeley Data (
。该关键参考研究中生成的原始数据可在Mendeley data上获得(
https://doi.org/10.17632/hvb39r62xw.1
https://doi.org/10.17632/hvb39r62xw.1
), NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO:
),NCBI基因表达综合系统(GEO:
GSE249416
GSE249416
) and the Broad single cell portal (
)以及广泛的单细胞门户(
https://singlecell.broadinstitute.org/single_cell/study/SCP2443
https://singlecell.broadinstitute.org/single_cell/study/SCP2443
).
).
Code availability
代码可用性
The analysis pipeline used in the key reference publication is deposited in the GitHub repository (
关键参考出版物中使用的分析管道存放在GitHub存储库中(
https://github.com/jinlabneurogenomics
https://github.com/jinlabneurogenomics
). The Python scripts referenced in this protocol are available in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Softwares
)。本协议中引用的Python脚本可在补充信息(补充软件)中找到
1
1
and
和
2
2
).
).
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Acknowledgements
致谢
We thank B. Wu for advice on the scRNA-seq experiments; the Department of Animal Resources, Genomics Core and Flow Cytometry Core facilities at Scripps Research for technical assistance; N. Huynh, S. Simmons, B. Wu, J. Li, A. Selstad and E. Petty for comments on the manuscript; and all members of the Jin lab for their help and support.
我们感谢B.Wu对scRNA-seq实验的建议;Scripps Research的动物资源部,基因组学核心和流式细胞仪核心设施提供技术援助;N、 Huynh,S。Simmons,B。Wu,J。Li,A。Selstad和E。Petty对手稿的评论;以及金实验室的所有成员的帮助和支持。
X.Z. and P.C.T. were supported by the Dorris Scholar Award. X.Z. was supported by Frank J. Dixon Graduate Fellowship. C.M.W. was supported by Skaggs-Oxford Fellowship and The Schimmel Family Endowed Fellowship. X.J. and this work were supported by the Simons Foundation for Autism Research Initiative Collaboration on Sex Differences (SFARI 736613), National Institute of Health (R01HG012819, R01MH137042), Impetus grant, One Mind Rising Star Award, Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship Award, G.
十、 Z.和P.C.T.获得了多里斯学者奖的支持。十、 Z.得到了Frank J.Dixon研究生奖学金的支持。C、 M.W.得到了Skaggs牛津奖学金和Schimmel家族捐赠奖学金的支持。十、 J.这项工作得到了西蒙斯自闭症研究基金会性别差异合作计划(SFARI 736613),国家卫生研究所(R01HG012819,R01MH137042),动力补助金,一心新星奖,克林根斯坦-西蒙斯奖学金的支持。
Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation, Larry L. Hillblom Foundation, Scripps Collaborative Innovative Fund, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Conrad Prebys Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, McKnight Foundation, Astera Institute and James Fickel..
哈罗德和莱拉·马瑟斯基金会、拉里·希尔布洛姆基金会、斯克里普斯合作创新基金、陈·扎克伯格倡议、康拉德·普雷比斯基金会、皮尤慈善信托基金会、麦克奈特基金会、阿斯特拉研究所和詹姆斯·菲克尔。。
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Authors and Affiliations
作者和隶属关系
Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
Xinhe Zheng, Patrick C. Thompson, Cassandra M. White & Xin Jin
郑信和,帕特里克·C·汤普森,卡桑德拉·M·怀特和辛金
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Xinhe Zheng
陈 新
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Patrick C. Thompson
帕特里克·C·汤普森
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卡桑德拉·M·怀特
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Contributions
捐款
X.Z., P.C.T., C.M.W. and X.J. designed and performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript.
十、 Z.,P.C.T.,C.M.W.和X.J.设计并执行了实验并撰写了手稿。
Corresponding author
通讯作者
Correspondence to
通信对象
Xin Jin
辛瑾
.
.
Ethics declarations
道德宣言
Competing interests
相互竞争的利益
X.J. and X.Z. are co-inventors on in vivo AAV-based Perturb-seq and CRISPR inventions filed by Scripps Research relating to the work in this protocol. P.C.T. and C.M.W. declare no competing interests.
十、 J.和X.Z.是Scripps Research提交的与本协议工作有关的基于体内AAV的扰动序列和CRISPR发明的共同发明人。P、 C.T.和C.M.W.声明没有利益冲突。
Peer review
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自然协议
thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
感谢匿名审稿人对这项工作的同行评审做出的贡献。
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Key reference
关键参考
Zheng, X. et al.
郑,X。等人。
Cell
细胞
1
1
87
87
, 3236–3248.e21 (2024):
,3236–3248.e21(2024年):
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.050
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.050
Extended data
扩展数据
Extended Data Fig. 1 FACS analysis and gating strategy for identifying BFP
扩展数据图1用于识别BFP的FACS分析和门控策略
+
+
perturbed cells.
扰动的细胞。
Dissociated cortical cell suspension from P7 mouse brains was stained with Vybrant™ DyeCycle™ Ruby and analyzed by FACS. First, cells are identified based on size (forward scatter, FSC-A) versus granularity (side scatter, SSC-A). Single cells were isolated by excluding doublets using SSC-A versus SSC-H.
用Vybrant™DyeCycle™Ruby对来自P7小鼠大脑的解离的皮质细胞悬液进行染色,并通过FACS进行分析。首先,根据大小(前向散射,FSC-A)与粒度(侧向散射,SSC-A)来识别单元。通过使用SSC-A与SSC-H排除双峰来分离单细胞。
Then, a Vybrant (cell-permeable stain) versus FSC-A gate was used to remove cytosolic debris (Vybrant.
然后,使用Vybrant(细胞渗透性染色剂)与FSC-a门去除胞质碎片(Vybrant)。
−
−
). Alternatively, a viability dye (e.g., Sytox™ Red) can be used to exclude dead cells (SytoxRed
)。或者,可以使用活力染料(例如Sytox™Red)排除死细胞(SytoxRed
+
+
, not shown). Finally, the perturbed BFP
,未显示)。最后,扰动的BFP
+
+
population is defined by GFP (expressed constitutively in a Cas9 transgenic mouse line) versus mtagBFP (expressed in transduced cells) plot.
群体由GFP(在Cas9转基因小鼠系中组成性表达)与mtagBFP(在转导细胞中表达)图定义。
Supplementary information
补充信息
Reporting Summary
报告摘要
Supplementary Table 1
补充表1
AAV titration calculator.
AAV滴定计算器。
Supplementary Software 1 and 2
补充软件1和2
2 Python scripts for generate gRNA oligo and map gRNA in fastq files separately.
2个Python脚本,分别在fastq文件中生成gRNA oligo和map gRNA。
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Zheng, X., Thompson, P.C., White, C.M.
郑,X.,汤普森,P.C.,怀特,C.M。
et al.
等人。
Massively parallel in vivo Perturb-seq screening.
大规模并行体内扰动-seq筛选。
Nat Protoc
Nat Protoc
(2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-024-01119-3
(2025).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-024-01119-3
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Received
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21 July 2024
2024年7月21日
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25 November 2024
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12 February 2025
2025年2月12日
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-024-01119-3
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-024-01119-3
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