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Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a critical transcription factor in the IRF family, playing a pivotal role in modulating immune responses, particularly within the innate immune system. IRF5 regulates the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and other immune-related genes, essential for effective host defense against infections and immune surveillance.

干扰素调节因子5（IRF5）是IRF家族中一种关键的转录因子，在调节免疫反应，尤其是在先天免疫系统中发挥重要作用。IRF5调控I型干扰素（IFNs）、促炎性细胞因子及其他免疫相关基因的表达，对有效抵御感染和免疫监视至关重要。

Its functions, however, are diverse and highly context-dependent, adapting to different immune challenges and tissue environments. Studies have demonstrated that dysregulated IRF5 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

然而，其功能多样且高度依赖于环境，能够适应不同的免疫挑战和组织环境。研究表明，IRF5 的异常激活会促使多种疾病的发病机制，包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病以及系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 和类风湿关节炎 (RA) 等慢性炎症性疾病。

This dysregulation underscores the dual role of IRF5, both in immune protection and in driving pathological inflammation.Given its significant involvement in both physiological and pathological processes, IRF5 presents a promising therapeutic target for managing diseases characterized by excessive inflammation and immune dysregulation.

这种失调突显了IRF5的双重作用，既在免疫保护中起作用，又在驱动病理性炎症中扮演角色。鉴于其在生理和病理过程中的显著参与，IRF5成为一个有前景的治疗靶点，用于管理以过度炎症和免疫失调为特征的疾病。

However, developing effective molecules to specifically modulate the IRF5 pathway remains challenging, with limited therapeutic agents available for clinical application. In this review, we examine the diverse roles of IRF5 in various disease contexts, the mechanisms by which IRF5 contributes to disease progression, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting IRF5.

然而，开发有效分子以特异性调节 IRF5 通路仍然具有挑战性，目前可用于临床应用的治疗剂有限。在本综述中，我们探讨了 IRF5 在不同疾病环境中的多样化作用、IRF5 促进疾病进展的机制，以及针对 IRF5 的潜在治疗策略。

Additionally, we discuss potential complications and risks associated with IRF5-targeted therapies, including the balance between dampening pathological inflammation and preserving essential immune functions. This exploration highlights both the therapeutic potential and the complexity of modulatin.

此外，我们讨论了与IRF5靶向治疗相关的潜在并发症和风险，包括在抑制病理性炎症和保持必要免疫功能之间的平衡。这一探讨突显了调节的治疗潜力和复杂性。