THURSDAY, April 24, 2025 -- A single-dose baloxavir treatment can reduce influenza transmission from index patients to household contacts, according to a study published in the April 24 issue of the

2025年4月24日，星期四——根据4月24日发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项研究，单剂量的巴洛沙韦治疗可以减少流感从初始患者向家庭接触者的传播。

New England Journal of Medicine

新英格兰医学杂志

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Arnold S. Monto, M.D., from the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, and colleagues examined the efficacy of single-dose baloxavir treatment to reduce influenza transmission from index patients to household contacts in a multicountry, phase 3b trial. Influenza-positive index patients aged 5 to 64 years were randomly assigned to receive baloxavir or placebo within 48 hours after symptom onset (726 and 731 patients, respectively)..

阿诺德·S·蒙托，医学博士，来自安娜堡密歇根大学公共卫生学院，及其同事在一项多国、3b期试验中检查了单剂量巴洛沙韦治疗减少流感从患者传播到家庭接触者的疗效。5至64岁的流感阳性患者被随机分配，在症状出现后48小时内接受巴洛沙韦或安慰剂（分别为726名和731名患者）。

The researchers found that transmission of laboratory-confirmed influenza was significantly lower with baloxavir than placebo by day 5 (adjusted incidence, 9.5 versus 13.4 percent; adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95.38 percent confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.93; P = 0.01), with an adjusted relative risk reduction of 29 percent.

研究人员发现，到第5天时，与安慰剂相比，使用巴洛沙韦的实验室确诊流感传播显著降低（调整后发生率，9.5% 对 13.4%；调整后比值比，0.68；95.38% 置信区间，0.50 至 0.93；P = 0.01），调整后的相对风险降低了29%。

By day 5, the adjusted incidence of transmission of influenza virus that resulted in symptoms was 5.8 and 7.6 percent with baloxavir and placebo, respectively, but the difference was not significant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95.38 percent confidence interval, 0.50 to 1.12; P = 0.16). During the follow-up period, emergence of drug-resistant viruses occurred in 7.2 percent of index patients in the baloxavir group; there were no resistant viruses detected in household contacts.

到第5天时，使用巴洛沙韦和安慰剂的症状性流感病毒传播调整后发生率分别为5.8%和7.6%，但差异不显著（调整后的比值比为0.75；95.38%置信区间为0.50至1.12；P=0.16）。在随访期间，巴洛沙韦组中7.2%的首发患者出现了耐药病毒；在家庭接触者中未检测到耐药病毒。

There were no new safety signals reported..

没有报告新的安全信号。

'Although vaccines will remain the primary control measure for influenza epidemics and pandemics, antiviral drugs play a complementary role, particularly in a pandemic scenario, as well as in persons who are not vaccinated seasonally,' the authors write.

“尽管疫苗仍然是控制流感流行和大流行的主要措施，但抗病毒药物起到了补充作用，尤其在大流行的情况下，以及对于那些没有接种季节性疫苗的人群来说，”作者写道。

Several authors disclosed ties to F. Hoffmann-La Roche, which manufactures baloxavir and funded the study.

几家作者透露了与制造巴洛沙韦并资助该研究的F. Hoffmann-La Roche公司的关联。

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