Photo: ER Productions Limited/Getty Images

照片：ER Productions Limited/Getty Images

The gap in wages between genders has been a pervasive issue in healthcare and many other industries, but the wage gap between men and women is becoming more complicated in the sector, with the gap decreasing in some health-centric occupations but not in others.

性别之间的工资差距一直是医疗保健和许多其他行业普遍存在的问题，但该部门男女之间的工资差距正在变得更加复杂，一些以健康为中心的职业的差距正在缩小，而其他职业的差距则没有缩小。

The gender wage gap decreased over the last two decades in many healthcare occupations, and notably among those where women's representation increased substantially, according to a new Health Affairs study. For example, among advanced practitioners, the gender wage gap decreased from women's earnings being about 50% of men's earnings to approximately 65% of men's earnings..

根据一项新的卫生事务研究，在过去二十年中，许多医疗保健行业的性别工资差距有所缩小，尤其是那些女性代表人数大幅增加的行业。例如，在高级从业者中，性别工资差距从女性收入占男性收入的50%左右下降到男性收入的65%左右。。

There was a similar pattern among male and female physicians over the last couple of decades, although the gender wage gap among physicians remains much higher than the general population. In general, women with higher levels of education – professional degrees, master's degrees or bachelor's degrees – made substantial gains in terms of wage equity relative to men in the healthcare sector..

在过去的几十年中，男性和女性医生之间存在类似的模式，尽管医生之间的性别工资差距仍然远高于普通人群。一般来说，在医疗保健领域，受过高等教育（专业学位、硕士学位或学士学位）的女性在工资公平方面相对于男性取得了实质性的收益。。

But for women with lower levels of education, the gender wage gap story is more complicated. The gender wage gap for RNs, technicians, LPNs/LVNs, and aides/assistants is, in general, smaller as compared with occupations that require higher levels of education. For example, female RNs made approximately 82% of male RNs' salaries, as compared with female physicians, who made approximately 70% of male physicians' salaries..

但对于受教育程度较低的女性来说，性别工资差距的故事更为复杂。一般来说，与需要较高教育水平的职业相比，RNs、技术人员、LPN/LVN和助手/助理的性别工资差距较小。例如，女性RNs的工资约占男性RNs工资的82%，而女性医生的工资约占男性医生工资的70%。。

However, in many lower-education, heavily women-dominated healthcare occupations, the gender wage gap widened over the last 20 years. For example, among aides/assistants, women earned approximately 85% of men in 2003, but this dropped to below 80% in 2021. Similarly, the gender wage gap for LPNs/LVNs and RNs remained basically stagnant or widened slightly over the last 20 years..

然而，在许多受教育程度较低、女性占主导地位的医疗保健职业中，性别工资差距在过去20年中扩大了。例如，在助手/助理中，2003年女性的收入约为男性的85%，但到2021年，这一比例降至80%以下。同样，在过去的20年中，LPN/LVN和RNs的性别工资差距基本上保持停滞或略有扩大。。

In these lower-wage jobs with high female representation, the gender wage gap is similar to what is seen nationally, but unlike national trends towards closing of the pay gap, it is widening or stagnant in these occupations over time, according to the study.

研究表明，在这些女性比例较高的低工资工作中，性别工资差距与全国范围内的相似，但与全国缩小工资差距的趋势不同，随着时间的推移，这些职业的性别工资差距正在扩大或停滞。

WHAT'S THE IMPACT

有什么影响

Past research on the so-called 'glass escalator' theory has shown that men in women-dominated occupations have higher wages and are more likely to be promoted compared with their female peers.

过去对所谓“玻璃扶梯”理论的研究表明，与女性同龄人相比，女性主导职业的男性工资更高，更有可能获得晋升。

The new research posits that the worsening gender wage gap is likely because men are being offered higher wages than their women counterparts, advancing into supervisory positions and are concentrated in specialties that have higher compensation.

这项新的研究认为，性别工资差距的不断扩大可能是因为男性的工资比女性高，进入了监管岗位，并且集中在薪酬较高的专业领域。

The gender wage gap may be a function of both gender representation and education, authors said. There has been an improvement in the gender wage gap among those with a college degree and higher, while there has not been a closing of the gender wage gap among those with less than a college degree.

作者说，性别工资差距可能是性别代表性和教育程度的函数。大学学历及以上者的性别工资差距有所改善，而大学学历以下者的性别工资差距尚未缩小。

The research offered additional alternative explanations for the trends. For instance, as the gender wage gap goes up, women may decide to leave an occupation or relatively high-earning women may be more likely to leave in search of better paying jobs than low-earning women.

这项研究为这种趋势提供了额外的替代解释。例如，随着性别工资差距的扩大，女性可能会决定离开一个职业，或者相对收入较高的女性可能比收入较低的女性更有可能离开寻找收入更好的工作。

Marital status has also been associated with gender wage gaps. For example, a recent study of female physicians married to male physicians found that these women worked fewer hours than women who were not married to physicians.

婚姻状况也与性别工资差距有关。例如，最近一项关于与男性医生结婚的女性医生的研究发现，这些女性比未与医生结婚的女性工作时间少。

'Testing these explanations is beyond the scope of our paper but is an important area for future research in gender inequity across the health professions,' authors wrote.

作者写道：“测试这些解释超出了我们论文的范围，但这是未来卫生行业性别不平等研究的重要领域。”。

THE LARGER TREND

更大的趋势

A March 2023 Doximity report – which includes self-reported compensation data from over 190,000 U.S. doctors over six years and more than 31,000 full-time physicians in 2022 – also highlights the substantial gender pay gap among physicians, with men earning nearly $110,000 more than their women counterparts in 2022..

2023年3月的一份Doximity报告（其中包括六年来超过190000名美国医生和2022年超过31000名全职医生的自我报告薪酬数据）也突显了医生之间的巨大性别薪酬差距，2022年男性收入比女性高近110000美元。。

This represents a 26% gender pay gap, even when salaries were controlled for specialty, location and years of experience. This disparity may be contributing to an even higher burnout rate among women physicians, with nearly 92% of women physicians surveyed reporting overwork, compared to 83% of men..

这意味着26%的性别工资差距，即使工资是根据专业、地点和多年经验控制的。这种差异可能导致女性医生的职业倦怠率更高，接受调查的女性医生中有近92%报告工作过度，而男性则为83%。。

Twitter: @JELagasse

推特：@JELagasse

Email the writer: Jeff.Lagasse@himssmedia.com

给作者发电子邮件：Jeff.Lagasse@himssmedia.com