A simple and affordable point-of-care test kit has been indigenously developed by the National Institute of Immunohaematology for early diagnosis of genetic bleeding disorders

国家免疫血液学研究所自主研发了一种简单且价格实惠的即时检测工具包，用于遗传性出血疾病的早期诊断。

haemophilia A

血友病A

and

和

Von Willebrand Disease

血管性血友病

.

。

The test offers a promising alternative to the current standard of care which relies on complex and costly diagnostic procedures limited to very few tertiary facilities in India, Dr Rucha Patil, scientist at the National Institute of Immunohaematology (

这项测试为目前的护理标准提供了一个有前景的替代方案，目前的护理标准依赖于复杂且昂贵的诊断程序，而这些程序仅限于印度极少数的三级医疗机构。国家免疫血液学研究所科学家Rucha Patil博士表示。

NIIH

NIIH

) in Mumbai, said.

）在孟买说道。

Bleeding disorders such as haemophilia A and Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) represent significant public health challenges in India due to underdiagnosis and limited access to diagnostic facilities.

由于诊断不足和诊断设施有限，血友病A和冯·维勒布兰德病（VWD）等出血性疾病在印度构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。

The point-of-care (PoC) test costs just Rs 582 while the current lab-based tests cost around Rs 2,086, Dr Bipin Kulkarni, scientist, at NIIH, said.

国立卫生研究院（NIIH）的科学家比平·库尔卡尼博士表示，即时检验（PoC）测试仅需花费582卢比，而目前基于实验室的测试费用约为2086卢比。

The test kit was invented by former scientist Dr Shrimati Shetty and former

该检测试剂盒由前科学家什里马蒂·谢蒂博士和前

ICMR

印度医学研究委员会

postdoctoral fellow from NIIH Dr. Priyanka Kasatkar.

来自NIIH的博士后研究员普丽扬卡·卡萨特卡博士。

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The World Federation for Haemophilia has shown interest in procuring these tests for deployment in countries where the disease is prevalent, Dr Manisha Madkaikar, director of NIIH, Mumbai and Centre for Research Management and Control of Haemoglobinopathies (CRHCM) in Nagpur under the ICMR, said.

世界血友病联合会表示有兴趣采购这些测试，以便在该疾病流行的国家部署。ICMR 下属孟买 NIIH 和那格浦尔血红蛋白病研究管理与控制中心 (CRHCM) 主任曼尼莎·马德凯卡尔博士说道。

'For India, this new rapid, visual card testing device has made testing possible even at primary health centres bringing diagnosis closer to the people who need it most. By using these PoC kits at PHCs and other local health centres, India can find and treat these bleeding disorders early, improve patient outcomes, and cut healthcare costs dramatically.

‘对于印度而言，这种新的快速视觉卡片检测设备甚至在初级保健中心也能进行检测，让最需要它的人们能够更接近诊断。通过在初级卫生中心（PHC）和其他地方卫生中心使用这些即时检验工具包，印度可以早期发现和治疗这些出血性疾病，改善患者的预后，并大幅削减医疗成本。’

This is a major step toward improving care for one of the country's most neglected health issues', Dr Madkaikar said..

马德凯卡尔博士说：“这是改善该国最受忽视的健康问题之一的重要一步。”

The Health Technology Assessment (HTA) analysis team of ICMR and Department of Health Research (DHR) recommended that the PoC kits for haemophilia A and VWD are suitable for primary facility-based screening and suggested integration of the test into the national health programs at primary healthcare level..

印度医学研究委员会 (ICMR) 和卫生研究部 (DHR) 的健康技术评估 (HTA) 分析团队建议，A 型血友病和 VWD 的 PoC 试剂盒适用于初级医疗机构的筛查，并建议将该测试整合到初级医疗保健水平的国家卫生计划中。

This is currently being implemented in different states, Dr Kulkarni said.

库尔卡尼博士说，目前正以不同的状态实施。

'This kit could help detect over 83,000 undiagnosed cases', he said, adding, 'It would save the health system about Rs 42 crore, which is three times cheaper than the current method'.

“该工具包可以帮助检测超过83,000例未诊断的病例，”他说道，并补充说，“它将为卫生系统节省约4.2亿卢比，比当前方法便宜三倍。”

Haemophilia A and VWD are the two most common inherited bleeding disorders.

甲型血友病和VWD是最常见的两种遗传性出血性疾病。

People with these conditions often suffer from joint swelling, easy bruising, muscle bleeding, and in women, heavy menstrual bleeding or complications during childbirth.

患有这些疾病的人常常会出现关节肿胀、容易瘀伤、肌肉出血，以及女性在月经期间大量出血或分娩时出现并发症。

'India is estimated to have 1.5 lakh people with haemophilia, but only about 27,000 are officially diagnosed,' Dr Patil said.

“据估计，印度有15万血友病患者，但只有大约27,000人被正式确诊，”帕蒂尔博士说。

'Incidence of haemophilia A is 1 in 5,000 male births. VWD is known to affect 1 per cent of general population,' she said.

“血友病A的发病率为每5000名男性新生儿中有1例。已知VWD会影响1%的普通人群，”她说道。

'Haemophilia A is passed down in families through the X chromosome (X linked recessive disorder)', Dr Patil explained.

“血友病A通过X染色体在家族中遗传（X连锁隐性遗传病）”，帕蒂尔博士解释道。

'Boys are usually the ones who have the disease, because they have only one X chromosome. If that X has the faulty gene, they don't have a 'backup' and will show symptoms. Girls usually have two X chromosomes, so if one X has the faulty gene, the other X can often make up for it. These girls are called 'carriers',' he said..

“男孩通常是因为只有一条X染色体，所以会患病。如果那条X染色体上有缺陷基因，他们没有‘备用’的，就会表现出症状。女孩通常有两条X染色体，因此如果一条X染色体有缺陷基因，另一条X染色体往往可以弥补。这些女孩被称为‘携带者’，”他说道。

'The VWD is an autosomal disease. This means both males and females can get it equally. It is not linked to gender like haemophilia,' Dr Patil added.

“VWD是一种常染色体疾病。这意味着男性和女性都能平等地患上此病。它不像血友病那样与性别相关联，”帕蒂尔博士补充道。

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